Nitrosyl chloride

H270 (100%): May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]

H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P220, P244, P260, P264, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 111 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; call a doctor; enforce complete rest until doctor arrives; observe at least 24 hours for delayed effects.

SKIN OR EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.; consult physician. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

· In case of skin contact with hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1069 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 800 m (2500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.0 km (0.7 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 4.3 km (2.7 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 9.6 km (6.0 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove gas with fine water spray. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

NEUTRALIZING AGENT FOR ACIDS & CAUSTICS /SMALL SPILLS/: FLUSH WITH WATER. RESIDUAL ACID MAY BE NEUTRALIZED WITH SODA ASH.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Do not use water on material itself.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.

AEGLs Status: Holding

0.014 [ppm]

0.15 [ppm]

0.9 [ppm]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

NO PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of this gas may cause lung oedema.

Self-contained breathing apparatus (approved mask may be used for short exposures only); rubberized clothing; gloves; shoes; chemical goggles. (USCG, 1999)

SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (APPROVED MASK MAY BE USED FOR SHORT EXPOSURES ONLY); RUBBERIZED CLOTHING; GLOVES; SHOES; CHEMICAL GOGGLES.

Wear rubber gloves, face shield and coveralls. Use a full-body shield to prepare for violent reaction possibility.

NO contact with flammables.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Nitrosyl chloride appears as a yellow to yellowish red gas. Liquefies at -5.5 °C. Very toxic by inhalation. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible material. Decomposed by water to form corrosive hydrochloric acid. Vapors heavier than air. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause containers to rupture violently and rocket.

Reddish-yellow liquid/crystals or yellow gas with a choking odor; [HSDB]

YELLOW GAS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

YELLOW GAS OR YELLOW-RED LIQUID OR CRYSTALS

CHOKING ODOR

21.6 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

-5 - -6 °C

-5.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-74 °F (USCG, 1999)

-64.5 °C

-61.5 °C

-59.6 °C

SOL IN FUMING SULFURIC ACID

Solubility in water: reaction

1.36 at 21.74 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.99 G/L (GAS); 1.417 @ -12 °C (LIQ)

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 5.2

2.68 g/L

2.3 (Air=1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.3

2410.0 [mmHg]

2,409 mm Hg at 25 °C, calculated from experimentally derived coefficients

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 340

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... EVOLVE VERY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES/

VERY CORROSIVE

ALUMINUM IS ATTACKED BY NITROSYL CHLORIDE WHEN COLD.

164 BTU/LB= 91.0 CAL/G= 3.81X10+5 J/KG

1 MG/CU M IS EQUIV TO 0.37 PPM; 1 PPM IS EQUIV TO 2.7 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG

DECOMP BY H2O; ORANGE COLOR OF AQUA REGIA IS PRODUCED BY NITROSYL CHLORIDE

VAP: 76 MM HG AT -50 °C

Gibbs energy

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Corrosion

Crystallographic point group

Enthalpy

Excitation energy

Dissolves into and reacts with moisture in the air or with water to form hydrochloric acid and toxic red oxides of nitrogen.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Water-Reactive

CSL00089

Nitrosyl chloride + TRIFLUOROMETHYL IODIDE + Methyl nitrite

A steel lecture bottle filled with methyl nitrite exploded approximately 45 minutes after being filled. Although methyl nitrite is known to be explosive when heated or exposed to flame, these conditions were not encountered during the synthesis or storage. The cylinder had originally been used to ship iodotrifluoromethane from the gas vendor, and had most recently been used to store nitrosyl chloride.

Explosive,Flammable,Toxic

Lessons Learned and recommendations:1. Never refill gas cylinders with highly reactive or corrosive compounds, including the original compound contained in the cylinder 2. Limit the amound of highly reactive, toxic, or flammable chemicals to the quantity necessary for planned experiments, or that will be used within a few months.

User-Reported

NITROSYL CHLORIDE is an oxidizing agent. Dissociates into nitric oxide and chlorine on heating. Gives an explosive reaction when sealed in a tube with a residue of acetone and in the presence of platinum catalyst [Chem. Eng. News 35(43):60. 1967]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

N-NITROSO CMPD ARE PRODUCED WHEN...REACTION OF THE PARENT AMINE WITH NITROSYL CHLORIDE (NOCL) & NITROSYL TETRAFLUOROBORATE PRODUCE THE NITROSAMINE.

THEY WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE HEAT AND CORROSIVE FUMES. /NITROGEN OXIDES/; SEE CHLORIDES. ON CONTACT WITH ACIDS OR ACID FUMES THEY EVOLVE HIGHLY TOXIC CHLORIDE FUMES. /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/

...THEY CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH REDUCING MATERIALS. /NITROGEN OXIDES/

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Nitrosyl chloride is a very corrosive reddish yellow gas, which is said to be intensely irritating to the eyes and skin, and to be severely injurious to the lungs.

INTENSELY IRRITATING TO EYES, SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES. INHALATION MAY CAUSE PULMONARY EDEMA, HEMORRHAGE.

NITROSYL CHLORIDE IS A DANGEROUS RESPIRATORY IRRITANT. ONE EXPOSURE OF 20 MIN TO INHALATION OF 100 PPM PROVED FATAL TO CATS, APPARENTLY FROM LUNG HEMORRHAGE.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Atmospheric fate: Nitrosyl chloride formation may be significant in coastal urban areas because it photolyze rapidly to Cl atoms, and hydrolyzes to HONO, a major OH source; both Cl and OH initiate atmospheric photochemical oxidations.

NITROSYL CHLORIDE MAY BE ENCOUNTERED WHEREVER AQUA REGIA IS MADE OR USED.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Atmospheric fate: Nitrosyl chloride formation may be significant in coastal urban areas because it photolyze rapidly to Cl atoms, and hydrolyzes to HONO, a major OH source; both Cl and OH initiate atmospheric photochemical oxidations.

NITROSYL CHLORIDE MAY BE ENCOUNTERED WHEREVER AQUA REGIA IS MADE OR USED.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Nitrosyl chloride [Table#2281]

/GUIDE 125: GASES - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 125: GASES - CORROSIVE/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 125: GASES - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for NITROSYL CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1069; Nitrosyl chloride

IMO 2.0; Nitrosyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Gas Corrosive

UN Hazard Class: 2.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8