cyclopentane

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (34.5%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H336 (35.3%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H412 (99.9%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P331, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 763 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P331, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H333: May be harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cyclopentane:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, carbon dioxide, powder. Water may be ineffective. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Water may be ineffective because of low flash point. Do not extinguish fire unless flow of chemical can be stopped.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. ... Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing immedately if wet or contaminated.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CYCLOPENTANE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

600 [ppm]

3800 [ppm]

23000 [ppm]

600 ppm (1720 mg/m³)

TWA 600 ppm (1720 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

1000.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 600 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

600 ppm as TWA

1000 ppm [2021]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance and the vapour in high concentrations are irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is irritating to the gastrointestinal tract. If swallowed the substance easily enters the airways and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dryness and cracking and dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cyclopentane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear solvent-resistant gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ... Wear splash proof chemical goggles and face sheild unless full face piece respiratory protection is worn.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Cyclopentane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point of -35 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH MILD ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor.

Colorless liquid

Mild, sweet odor

120.7 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

49.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-137 °F (USCG, 1999)

-93.4 °C

-93.7 °C

less than 20 °F (USCG, 1999)

-20 °C (-4 °F) (Closed cup)

<20 °F (<-7 °C) (Closed cup)

-37 °C c.c.

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 156 ppm at 25 °C

Miscible with other hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol, ether

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

0.74 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7457 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8 (20 °C)

0.7457 @ 20°C

2.42 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.4

400 mmHg at 88 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

317.8 [mmHg]

VP: 400 mm Hg at 31.0 °C

317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 45

400 mmHg at 88 °F

317.8 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(88 °F): 400 mmHg

log Kow = 3.00

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

682 °F (USCG, 1999)

682 °F (361 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

CYCLOPENTANE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine. (NIOSH, 2024).

Strong oxidizers (e.g. chlorine, bromine, fluorine).

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Strong oxidizers (e.g., chlorine, bromine, fluorine)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cyclopentane is a liquid chemical. It is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, as a motor fuel, and as an azeotropic distillation agent. It is also used to produce a variety of analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antitumor agents, CNS depressants, prostaglandins, insecticides, and many other products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Symptoms of exposure to high concentrations of cyclopentane include excitement, dizziness, confusion, coma, and possibly respiratory failure. Ingestion may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and result in nausea and vomiting. 122 workers in the Italian shoe industry suffered polyneuropathy from glue solvents exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: When applied to guinea pig skin, undiluted alicyclic hydrocarbons cause morphological changes (epidermal thickening) and altered epidermal soluble arginase activity. In the mice there is no safety margin between minimal CNS depressant concentration, loss of reflexes, and lethality, which all occurred at 110 mg/L. When ingested, there is a low to moderate aspiration hazard in mice. Inhalation of 8110 mg/L 6 hr per day for 12 weeks results in decreased body weight gains in female rats. The effects of cyclopentane on the ionic currents and electrical capacity of the squid giant axon membrane were that both the peak inward and steady-state outward currents were reduced reversibly.

Petroleum distillates are central nervous system depressants and cause pulmonary damage. (A600)

Cyclopentane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135)

Petroleum distillates are aspiration hazards and may cause pulmonary damage, central nervous system depression, and cardiac effects such as cardiac arrhythmias. They may also affect the blood, immune system, liver, and kidney. (A600, L1297)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L400) ; inhalation (L400) ; dermal (L400)

Cough. Nausea. Headache. Dizziness. Incoordination. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; dizziness, euphoria, incoordination, nausea, vomiting, stupor; dry, cracking skin

Petroleum distillate poisoning may cause nausea, vomiting, cough, pulmonary irritation progressing to pulmonary edema, bloody sputum, and bronchial pneumonia. At high amounts, central nervous system depression may also occur, with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, slow and shallow respiration, unconsciousness, and convulsions. Petroleum distillates are also irritating to the skin. (A594)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LC50 (rat) = 106,000 mg/m3

Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage, emesis, and the administration of activated charcoal should be avoided, as vomiting increases the risk of aspiration. (A600)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptoms of exposure to high concentrations include excitement, dizziness, confusion, coma, and possibly respiratory failure. Ingestion may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and result in nausea and vomiting. ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /In humans/ skin exposure to commercial solvents caused a constant, painful, burning sensation and blistering of the skin after 20 minutes of confined contact. The pain subsided within 15 minutes after petane was removed.

/SURVEILLANCE/ 122 workers in the Italian shoe industry /were studied/. There workers suffered polyneuropathy from glue solvents exposure. The comerical solvents contained various petroleum ethers with mixtures of C(5) to C(7) hydrocarbons containing some cyclopentane (up to 18%).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In the mice there is no safety margin between minimal CNS depressant concentration, loss of reflexes, and lethality, which all occurred at 110 mg/L. When ingested, there is a low to moderate aspiration hazard in mice. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When applied to guinea pig skin, undiluted alicyclic hydrocarbons cause morphological changes (epidermal thickening) and alter epidermal soluble arginase activity. For both changes, the changes were in the sequence: cyclooctane > cycloheptane > cyclohexane and cyclopentane. For the three undiluted alicyclic alkanes after 3 applications on alternate days, skin irritancy assessed by gross observation of the skin of guinea pigs was slight, with erythema and dry appearance.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Inhalation of 8110 mg/L 6 hr per day for 12 weeks results in decreased body weight gains in female rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ The effects of the n-alkanes propane to hexane, cyclopropane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride on the ionic currents and electrical capacity of the squid giant axon membrane have been examined. Both the peak inward and steady-state outward currents were reduced reversibly by each substance, though propane at 1 atm had very little effect. The membrane capacity at 100 kHz was reduced by all substances except propane at 1 atm. Na currents were recorded in intracellularly perfused axons before and during exposure to the hydrocarbons and the records were fitted with equations similar to those proposed by Hodgkin & Huxley (1952). Shifts in the curves of the steady-state activation and inactivation parameters (m infinity and h infinity) against membrane potential, changes in the peak heights of the activation and inactivation time constants (tau m and tau h) and reductions in the maximum Na conductance (gNa) have been tabulated. The effects of the various hydrocarbons and carbon tetrachloride on the parameters of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations suggest that the suppression of the Na current by these substances originates from several different phenomena. The underlying physico-chemical events are considered in the light of the observed capacity changes and of information on artificial pore-containing membranes.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 22, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=287-92-3]

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 150 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 85-268 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =97% purity/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina nauplii (Brine Shrimp); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 280 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Cyclopentane's production and use in cracking aromatics and in the production of analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antitumor agents, CNS depressants, prostaglandins, insecticides, and other products; as a solvent and starting material; and as a constituent in motor fuel may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cyclopentane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 days. Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, cyclopentane is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 80. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole. Cyclopentane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Cyclopentane was not biodegraded by microorganisms isolated from soil, indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental date process in soil. If released into water, cyclopentane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Mixed populations of microorganisms from groundwater contaminated with gasoline did not biodegrade cyclopentane, suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmentasl fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 52 minutes and 3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 44 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to cyclopentane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclopentane is produced or used. General population exposure may occur due to its presence in gasoline. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to cyclopentane via inhalation of ambient air. Cyclopentane is a widely occurring atmospheric pollutant. (SRC)

Cyclopentane's production and use in cracking aromatics and in the production of medications, insecticides, and other products(1); as a solvent for cellulose ethers, azeotropic distillation agent(2) and as a constituent in motor fuel(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Cyclopentane was detected in the crude oil from two U.S. cities, Ponca, NE and Santa Barbara CA, at concentrations of 500 and 460 mg/L, respectively(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclopentane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(4). Cyclopentane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded by microorganisms isolated from soil(5), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental date process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 52 minutes and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 44(SRC), from its log Kow of 3(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded using an inocula from groundwater contaminated with gasoline(8), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclopentane, which has a vapor pressure of 317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.97X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Mixed populations of microorganisms from groundwater contaminated with gasoline did not biodegrade cyclopentane; cyclopentane had an initial concentration of 0.17 ppm in the gasoline mixture, and after 192 hours the concentration was 0.04 ppm. However, the concentration of the control was 0.05 ppm(1). A mixture of C5-saturates, including cyclopentane, had a half-life of 2.4 days in seawater and a water accommodated fraction (WAF)(2).

PURE CULTURE: Pure culture studies utilizing soil bacteria Mycobacterium rhodocrous, M. vaccae, M. strain job305, M. convolutum and Nocardia asteroides(1) as well as Azobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas putida(2) were unable to utilize 14C-labeled cyclopentane as a carbon source(1,2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopentane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.97X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Cyclopentane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 44 was calculated in fish for cyclopentane(SRC), using a log Kow of 3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 150 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 85-268 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =97% purity/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina nauplii (Brine Shrimp); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 280 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Cyclopentane's production and use in cracking aromatics and in the production of analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antitumor agents, CNS depressants, prostaglandins, insecticides, and other products; as a solvent and starting material; and as a constituent in motor fuel may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cyclopentane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 days. Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, cyclopentane is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 80. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole. Cyclopentane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Cyclopentane was not biodegraded by microorganisms isolated from soil, indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental date process in soil. If released into water, cyclopentane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Mixed populations of microorganisms from groundwater contaminated with gasoline did not biodegrade cyclopentane, suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmentasl fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 52 minutes and 3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 44 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to cyclopentane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclopentane is produced or used. General population exposure may occur due to its presence in gasoline. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to cyclopentane via inhalation of ambient air. Cyclopentane is a widely occurring atmospheric pollutant. (SRC)

Cyclopentane's production and use in cracking aromatics and in the production of medications, insecticides, and other products(1); as a solvent for cellulose ethers, azeotropic distillation agent(2) and as a constituent in motor fuel(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Cyclopentane was detected in the crude oil from two U.S. cities, Ponca, NE and Santa Barbara CA, at concentrations of 500 and 460 mg/L, respectively(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclopentane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(4). Cyclopentane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded by microorganisms isolated from soil(5), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental date process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 52 minutes and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 44(SRC), from its log Kow of 3(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded using an inocula from groundwater contaminated with gasoline(8), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclopentane, which has a vapor pressure of 317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.97X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Mixed populations of microorganisms from groundwater contaminated with gasoline did not biodegrade cyclopentane; cyclopentane had an initial concentration of 0.17 ppm in the gasoline mixture, and after 192 hours the concentration was 0.04 ppm. However, the concentration of the control was 0.05 ppm(1). A mixture of C5-saturates, including cyclopentane, had a half-life of 2.4 days in seawater and a water accommodated fraction (WAF)(2).

PURE CULTURE: Pure culture studies utilizing soil bacteria Mycobacterium rhodocrous, M. vaccae, M. strain job305, M. convolutum and Nocardia asteroides(1) as well as Azobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas putida(2) were unable to utilize 14C-labeled cyclopentane as a carbon source(1,2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopentane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.97X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Cyclopentane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 44 was calculated in fish for cyclopentane(SRC), using a log Kow of 3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of cyclopentane is estimated as 401(SRC), using a log Kow of 3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclopentane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for cyclopentane is estimated as 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cyclopentane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 52 minutes(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 days(SRC). Cyclopentane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of cyclopentane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Cyclopentane was detected, not quantified, in groundwater samples collected from Bemidji, Minnesota between 1984 to 1992 after a crude oil pipeline spill(1).

DRINKING WATER: Cyclopentane was detected in a sample from polluted drinking water at a concentration of 1.6X10-4 mg/L(1).

Cyclopentane was detected, not quantified in the stack emissions from waste incinerators(1). Cyclopentane was detected in the emissions collected from the ambient air surrounding the City County Health Department, the Post office, Liberty Mounds, and a Texaco refinery located in Tulsa, Oklahoma at two different times of the day at concentrations of 2.5 and 3.2ppbC; 5.8 and 4.6 ppbC; 5.3 and 8.5 ppbC; and 5.2 and 6.4 ppbC, respectively(2). Vehicular emissions from 67 vehicles in Sydney, Australia were found to contain cyclopentane at a concentration of 0.4% w/w(3). Cyclopentane was detected in automobile exhaust emissions at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.02 ppmv in Los Angeles county, California(4). Cyclopentane was also detected in medium duty diesel truck emissions at an emission factor of 410 ug/km(5) and in catalyst and noncatalyst gasoline powered motor vehicle emissions at 780 and 85400 ug/km, respectively(6). Likewise, cyclopentane was detected in light-duty vehicle exhaust in California in 1987 at concentrations ranging from 0-0.44 wt%(7). Cyclopentane was also detected in the vehicle and refinery emissions in the Chicago area at concentrations of 0.20 to 1.60 wt%(8). Cyclopentane was reported to be detected in the emissions from UK car exhaust and a London street at 672 and 4.5 ppbv(9). Cyclopetane was listed as a chemical in the emissions from an Oklahoma oil field in 1988 at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 1 wt%(10). Cyclopentane was detected in the emissions of fuel stoves in China at emission factors ranging from 0.009 to 0.063 mg/kg(11). Cyclopentane was detected in the atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt in the emissions from high grade gasoline, a roadway, bus parking garage, lead smelter, and cast iron factory at 0.12, 0.03, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.02%(12). Cyclopentane was detected in the emissions of the Peninsula wastewater sludge composting facility at 442 ug/cu m(13).

SEDIMENT: Cyclopentane was detected in 4 of 4 sediment samples of 4-8, 28-32, 52-56, and 76-80 cm deep from Walvis Bay of the Namibian shelf of SW Africa at concentrations of 2.1, 1.8, 0.61 and 1.1 ng/g(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Cyclopentane was listed as one of the 64 most abundant air pollutants in 39 US cities and was detected in 823 samples, collected from 1984-6 at a median concentration of 2.1 ppbC(1). The median urban concentration of cyclopentane in 457 samples was 0.354 ppbv and the mean suburban concentration in 218 samples was 0.440 ppbv according to the National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Database(2). Cyclopentane was detected in 16 out of 17 samples in the Fall of 1981 at concentrations ranging from 1 to 8 ppbv(3). Cyclopentane was also detected in the air of Rio Blanco County, Colorado at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 9.3 ppbC(4). The average concentration of cyclopentane in 682 samples at a site in Houston, Texas in 1977 was 2 ppbC(5). Cyclopentane was also detected in the air in Houston, Texas on January 30, 1974 at concentrations ranging from 19.9 to 81.5 ppbC(6). The concentration of cyclopentane in Huntington Park, CA on October 22, 1968 was 0.6, 7.2, 0.2 and 0.1 ppb at ground level (1:25 PM), ground level (8 AM), 1500 ft, and 2,200 ft, respectively(7). Cyclopentane was detected in 16 air samples from Los Angeles county, California at concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.018 ppm(8). The ambient air of Riverside, CA was found to contain cyclopentane at a concentration of 2.4 ppb on October 26, 1968 at 4:10 PM(9). Cyclopentane was detected in the air of Sydney, Australia at an average concentration of 0.8 ppbv(10). Cyclopentane was also detected in 97.5% of the samples collected from Washington, DC in March 1991 at an average concentration of 0.11 ppbv(11). The urban ambient concentration of cyclopentane in the air of Porto Alegre, Brazil on March 20, 1996 to April 16, 1997 was 2.6 mg/cu m(12).

INDOOR: Cyclopentane was detected, not quantified in the indoor air from vehicle emissions in an attached garage(1). Cyclopentane was also detected, not quantified in the emissions from 8 adhesives used in building materials(2).

RURAL/REMOTE: Cyclopentane was detected at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 ppbC in Smoky Mountain air(1). Cyclopentane was detected in the air samples from the Jones State Forest in Texas at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 6.21 ppbC(2) and 6 rural locations in North Carolina from median concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.6 ppbC(3). Cyclopentane was detected at a concentration of approximately 0.1 ppbv above a forest in Southern Ontario, Canada in 1983(4). The mean concentration of cyclopentane in Langenbrugge Germany in 1992-93 was 22 ppt(5).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Cyclopentane was reported in the National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) database and was detected in source dominated air at a average concentration of 0.556 ppbv(1). The concentrations of cyclopentane in air samples in urban plumes on August 27, 1976 and August 28, 1976 was 2.4 and 1.2 ppb, respectively(2). Cyclopentane's emission rate from motor vehicles in a roadway tunnel in Los Angeles, California was listed as 14 mg/L(3).

Cyclopentane was detected in the emissions from charbroiling Hamburger meat at 5000 ug/kg of meat cooked(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Cyclopentane was detected, not quantified, in 6 out of 12 samples collected from the breast milk of mothers from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey city, NJ, Bridgeville, PA and Baton Rouge, LA(1).

Cyclopentane was detected in an air sample taken near an oil fire at a concentration of 0.21 mg/cu m(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of cyclopentane is 30,000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to cyclopentane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclopentane is produced or used. Cyclopentane is a widely occurring atmospheric pollutant(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to cyclopentane via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

Workers at gasoline bulk handling facilities were also exposed to vapors that contained cyclopentane at a concentration of 0.7% by volume of total hydrocarbons(1).

Cyclopentane was detected in 6 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Bridgeville, PA and Baton Rouge, LA(1). Cyclopentane was detected in 30 of 49 personal air samplers for transport drivers at a mean concentration of 0.102 mg/cu m and 17 of 49 samples for service attendants at a mean concentration of 0.030 mg/cu m(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYCLOPENTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1146; Cyclopentane

IMO 3; Cyclopentane

49 081 35; Cyclopentane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F; R: 11-52/53; S: (2)-9-16-29-33-61

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II