cycloheptane

H225 (83.2%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (82.1%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H412 (13.7%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H413 (16.8%): May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 95 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: Call for medical aid. Remove the victim to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES: Flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.

SKIN: Flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

To fight fire use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmentl considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment.Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel Protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots and heavy rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Personnel Protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. ...

Cycloheptane appears as a colorless oily liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point 60 °F. Vapors heavier than air. Inhalation of high concentrations may have a narcotic effect. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid; [HSDB]

Colorless liquid

245.3 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

118.48 °C at 760 mm Hg

10.4 °F (USCG, 1999)

43 °F (USCG, 1999)

6 °C (43 °F) (Closed cup)

<70 °F (<21 °C) (Closed cup)

In water, 30 mg/L at 25 °C

Very soluble in ethanol and ether; soluble in benzene, and chloroform

0.811 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8098 g/cu cm at 20 °C

3.3 (Air = 1)

44 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

21.6 [mmHg]

21.6 mm Hg at 25 °C

log Kow = 4.0

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Index of refraction: 1.4436 at 20 °C/D

Aniline equivalent: -6

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Composition

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Diamagnetic susceptibility exaltation

Dielectric constant

Exaltation data

Excess enthalpy

Excess volume

Fusion temperature

Heat of solution

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Magnetic susceptibility

Magnetic susceptibility exaltation

Melting temperature

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as CYCLOHEPTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

IDENTIFICATION: Cycloheptane is a colorless liquid that is primarily used in organic synthesis. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In humans exposure to cycloheptane produced CNS depression when vapors were inhaled. ANIMAL STUDIES: When cycloheptane was applied to guinea pig skin, morphological changes (epidermal thickening) and altered epidermal soluble arginase activity occurred.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LD50 Rabbit dermal > 86.7 g/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. lWatch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... /CNS depressant/ by inhalation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effects of saturated and unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons on guinea-pig skin arginase activity were investigated. The flank skin of each animal was treated with cyclopentane, cyclohexane , cycloheptane, cyclooctane , cyclododecane , cycloocta-1,5-diene , cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene, or cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene. Methods of arginase activity determination were not specified. Arginase activity in untreated skin was 15.91 micromoles of urea per 100 milligrams. Arginase activity after exposure to cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclododecane, cycloocta-1,5-diene, cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene, and cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene was 15.2, 7.9, 41.3, 97.0, 23.9, 70.8, 32.1, and 33.8 micromoles of urea per 100 milligrams, respectively. Epidermal thickening caused by C5 to C8 cycloalkanes was related to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Increases in arginase activity were also related to molecular weight. Changes in epidermal morphology were more pronounced than changes in arginase activity. The /report notes/ that these results are the reverse of those previously reported for linear hydrocarbons, which cause greater changes in arginase activity than in epidermal morphology.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ When applied to guinea pig skin, undiluted alicyclic hydrocarbons cause morphological changes (epidermal thickening) and alter epidermal soluble arginase activity. For both changes, the changes were in the sequence: cyclooctane > cycloheptane > cyclohexane and cyclopentane. For the three undiluted alicyclic alkanes after 3 applications on alternate days, skin irritancy assessed by gross observation of the skin of guinea pigs was slight, with erythema and dry appearance.

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: >50000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

Cycloheptane's production and use as a research chemical in organic synthesis may result in its limited release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 21.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cycloheptane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase cycloheptane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 hours. Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 270. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.093 atm-cu m/mole. Cycloheptane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. If released into water, cycloheptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.0 hours and 3.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 200 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to cycloheptane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cycloheptane is produced or used. Limited data suggest that the general population may be exposed to cycloheptane via inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

Cycloheptane's production and use as a laboratory chemical for organic synthesis(1) may result in its limited release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 270(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cycloheptane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(4). Cycloheptane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(8), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 270(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cycloheptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.0 hours and 3.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 200(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.00(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(8), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cycloheptane, which has a vapor pressure of 21.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cycloheptane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to/may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Cycloheptane, present at 100 mg/L, reached <25% of its theoretical BOD in 24 hours using an activated sludge inoculum in the Warburg respirometry test(1).

PURE CULTURE: Pure culture studies showed various species of bacteria isolated from soil were unable to utilize cycloheptane as a single carbon source(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cycloheptane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 31 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Cycloheptane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 200 was calculated in fish for cycloheptane(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.00(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of cycloheptane can be estimated to be 270(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for cycloheptane is estimated as 0.093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cycloheptane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.0 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.9 days(SRC). Cycloheptane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of cycloheptane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Cycloheptane was detected at a concentration of 0.027 ug/L in 1 of 8 Rhine River water samples from The Netherlands delta, collected in 1989(1).

Cycloheptane was found to be an emission from commercial natural gas, but not from gasoline or vehicle exhausts. Data was acquired during the Southern California Air Quality Study conducted in the summer and fall of 1987(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: According to the National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Database, the median urban and suburban atmospheric concns of cycloheptane are 0.054 and 0.067 ppbV, respectively(1).

Cycloheptane is present in cigarette smoke(1).

Occupational exposure to cycloheptane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cycloheptane is produced or used. Limited data suggest that the general population may be exposed to cycloheptane via inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: >50000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

Cycloheptane's production and use as a research chemical in organic synthesis may result in its limited release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 21.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cycloheptane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase cycloheptane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 hours. Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 270. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.093 atm-cu m/mole. Cycloheptane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. If released into water, cycloheptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.0 hours and 3.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 200 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to cycloheptane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cycloheptane is produced or used. Limited data suggest that the general population may be exposed to cycloheptane via inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

Cycloheptane's production and use as a laboratory chemical for organic synthesis(1) may result in its limited release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 270(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cycloheptane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(4). Cycloheptane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(8), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 270(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cycloheptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.0 hours and 3.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 200(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.00(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Utilizing the Warburg respirometry test, <25% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(8), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cycloheptane, which has a vapor pressure of 21.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cycloheptane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to/may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Cycloheptane, present at 100 mg/L, reached <25% of its theoretical BOD in 24 hours using an activated sludge inoculum in the Warburg respirometry test(1).

PURE CULTURE: Pure culture studies showed various species of bacteria isolated from soil were unable to utilize cycloheptane as a single carbon source(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cycloheptane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 31 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Cycloheptane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Cycloheptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 200 was calculated in fish for cycloheptane(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.00(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of cycloheptane can be estimated to be 270(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that cycloheptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for cycloheptane is estimated as 0.093 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 21.6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cycloheptane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.0 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.9 days(SRC). Cycloheptane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of cycloheptane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Cycloheptane was detected at a concentration of 0.027 ug/L in 1 of 8 Rhine River water samples from The Netherlands delta, collected in 1989(1).

Cycloheptane was found to be an emission from commercial natural gas, but not from gasoline or vehicle exhausts. Data was acquired during the Southern California Air Quality Study conducted in the summer and fall of 1987(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: According to the National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Database, the median urban and suburban atmospheric concns of cycloheptane are 0.054 and 0.067 ppbV, respectively(1).

Cycloheptane is present in cigarette smoke(1).

Occupational exposure to cycloheptane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cycloheptane is produced or used. Limited data suggest that the general population may be exposed to cycloheptane via inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYCLOHEPTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2241; Cycloheptane

IMO 3; Cycloheptane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid