Hydrazine

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (16.5%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (83.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (57.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (66.3%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (33.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (> 99.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1132 reports by companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed for hours to days. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Hydrazine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to hydrazine may include severe eye irritation, facial numbness, facial swelling, and increased salivation. Hydrazine vapor may immediately irritate the nose and throat. Headache, twitching, seizures, convulsions, and coma may also occur. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Pulmonary edema and hypotension (low blood pressure) are common. Hydrazine is toxic to the liver, ruptures red blood cells, and may cause kidney damage. Dermal contact may result in irritation or severe burns.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to hydrazine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to hydrazine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to hydrazine.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and protective clothing. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter material. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, foam, water spray, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Flooding quantities may be necessary to prevent reignition.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Hydrazine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.

Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

Hydrazine can ignite spontaneously in air, when in contact with porous materials.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable non-metallic containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions:Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Emergency response personal protective equipment: Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Butyl rubber, Neoprene, nitrile rubber, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, or Saranex barrier recommended.

Spill or leak procedures: Eliminate all ignition sources. Approach release from upwind. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. In case of contact with material, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 min. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Hydrazine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U133, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from acids, metals, oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep under inert gas. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

It should be stored in glass containers in a cool, dark place. ... It is usually stored under nitrogen to reduce the flammability hazard and to maintain purity.

Detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Provide water for flushing spills or leaks. Tanks should be located in water-filled dikes. Separate from acids, oxidizing materials, metal oxides. Normally stored under nitrogen.

Do not store in the same area as other flammable materials. ... Store in a secure poison location. ... Store separately in a corrosion-resistant location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Before entering confined space where hydrazine may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Hydrazine must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates), strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric); hydrogen peroxide, and metal oxides since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where hydrazine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Wherever hydrazine is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.10 [ppm]

13 [ppm]

35 [ppm]

0.03 ppm (0.04 mg/m³) [120 minutes]

Ca C 0.03 ppm (0.04 mg/m3) [2-hour] See Appendix A

1.0 [ppm]

1 ppm (1.3 mg/m³)

TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

50 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

50 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. [From NPG: Hydrazine] (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Patty [1963] that a 4­hour exposure to 80 to 300 ppm killed 14 of 30 rats [Comstock et al. 1954]. . . . Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH;

NIOSH considers hydrazine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. [50 ppm]

Ca [50 ppm]

See: 302012

0.01 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 ppm, skin

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

0.01 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.01 ppm [1988]

0.013 mg/m

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 2

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.004 ppm (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Hydrazine, anhydrous appears as a colorless, fuming oily liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point 99 °F. Explodes during distillation if traces of air are present. Toxic by inhalation and by skin absorption. Corrosive to tissue. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a rocket propellant and in fuel cells.

Hydrazine, aqueous solution, with more than 37% hydrazine appears as a colorless aqueous solution. May have an ammonia-like odor. Corrosive. Irritates skin and eyes; irritation to the eyes is delayed. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.

Hydrazine, aqueous solution, with not more than 37% hydrazine appears as a colorless aqueous solution containing a maximum of 37% hydrazine by mass. Has an ammonia-like odor. Corrosive. Contact may irritate skin and eyes. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.

Other Solid; Liquid

Colorless, fuming, oily liquid with an ammonia-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS FUMING OILY HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless, fuming, oily liquid with an ammonia-like odor.

Colorless, fuming, oily liquid with an ammonia-like odor. [Note: A solid below 36 °F.]

Colorless oily liquid

Colorless fuming, oily liquid ... (Note: A solid below 36 °F)

Anhydrous hydrazine is a waxy solid.

Penetrating odor resembling ammonia.

Ammonia-like odor

236.3 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

113.55 °C

Contracts on freezing. ...One gallon of commercial product weighs 8.38 lbs. ...Dissolves many inorganic substances. ...Forms an azeotropic mixture with water, boiling point (at 760 mm Hg) 120.3 °C, which contains 55 mole-% (68.5 weight-%) N2H4.

BP: 56 °C at 71 mm Hg; 170 deg at 5 atm; 200 °C at 10 atm; 236 °C at 20 atm

236.3 °F

113.55 °C @760 [mm Hg]

36 °F (EPA, 1998)

MP: 127 °C; soluble in water at 25 °C /Hydrazine monohydroiodide/

125.6 °F (EPA, 1998)

Emergency Response Guidebook is for "hydrazine, anhydrous." 100 °F

52 °C (126 °F) - closed cup

100 °F - open cup

40 °C c.c.

125.6 °F

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with water /1.0X10+6 mg/L/

Very soluble in water

Miscible with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl alcohols

Very soluble in ethanol, methanol

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Hydrazine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1000 mg/mL

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

1.011 at 59 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0036 g/cu cm

Density: 1.146 at -5 °C/4 °C; 1.0253 at 0 °C/4 °C; 1.024 at 2 °C/4 °C; 1.011 at 15 °C/4 °C; 1.0036 at 25 °C/4 °C; 0.9955 at 35 °C/4 °C

White crystalline powder. MP 198 °C. Density: 1.42. Corrosive. Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol /Hydrazine dihydrochloride/

Fumes in air. Highly flammable. Can self-ignite at low temperatures if in contact with a catalyst (example: autoignition temperature is 74 °F in contact with rust). May ignite spontaneously while absorbed on porous materials such as earth, asbestos, cloth, or wood unless the heat of the continual hydrazine-air reaction has a chance to dissipate [Haz. Chem. Data(1966)]. Water soluble.

Fumes in air. Water soluble.

Fumes in air. Water soluble

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Bases, Strong

Bases, Weak

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

Air-Reactive

HYDRAZINE is a powerful reducing agent. May ignite spontaneously if mixed with hydrogen peroxide or with nitric acid. Decomposes with flame on contact with many metallic oxide surfaces [Haz. Chem. Data(1966)]. While boiling a piece of polyester fiber in hydrazine in a glass beaker, a technician put a somewhat rusty pair of metal tweezers into the hydrazine, which then ignited [MCA Case History 1893 (1973)]. Forms explosive metal hydrazides when mixed with alkali metals in presence of ammonia [Mellor 8, Supp. 2:95(1967)]. During the measurement of the shock sensitivity of a mixture containing hydrazine, a drop of the mixture fell on a tetryl explosive. The tetryl immediately burst into flames [ASESB 105]. Ignites spontaneously if mixed with nitrous oxide [Mellor 8, Supp. 2:214(1967)]. Reacts explosively with potassium and sodium dichromate [Mellor 11:234(1946-1947)].

HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION, WITH MORE THAN 37% HYDRAZINE is a reducing agent (reacts with oxidizing agents) and a strong base. Dissolution in water moderates the reactivity of hydrazine. Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to give water and salts. Salts from neutralization of oxidizing acids are sometimes explosive when dried. Attacks glass (slowly) and rubber and cork [Merck]. A 64% solution of hydrazine in water corresponds to the chemical composition hydrazine hydrate (N2H4.H2O).

HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION is a reducing agent (react with oxidizing agents) and chemical base (react with acids to generate heat). Dissolution in water moderates the reactivity of hydrazine.

Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents, oxygen, copper, zinc, organic materials.

Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame, or by chemical reaction. Explodes on contact with barium oxide; calcium oxide; chromate salts; chromium dioxide; dicyanofurazan; mercury oxide; trioxygen difluoride; N-haloimides; potassium; silver compounds; sodium hydroxide; titanium compounds (at 130 °C). Potentially explosive reactions with alkali metals; /ammonia/; /chlorine/; chromates; CuO; Cu++ salts; /fluorine/; metallic oxides; nickel; Ni(ClO4)2; /oxygen/; /liquid oxygen/; K2Cr2O7; Na2Cr2O7; tetryl; zinc diamide; Zn(C2H5)2. Forms sensitive, explosive mixtures with 2-chloro-5-methylnitrobenzene, metal salts [e.g., cadmium perchlorate; copper chlorate (heat-sensitive); mercury(I) chloride; mercury(II) chloride; mercury(I) nitrate; mercury(II) nitrate; tin(II) chloride]; methanol + nitromethane; air; lithium perchlorate; sodium perchlorate; sodium. Ignites on contact with cotton waste + heavy metals; dinitrogen oxide; rhenium + alumina; catalysts; nitric acid; hydrogen peroxide; N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline; rust + heat Ignites spontaneously in air when absorbed on earth, asbestos, cloth, wood. Violent reaction with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; oxidants (e.g., iron oxide; chlorates; peroxides); thiocarbonyl azide thiocyanate. Vigorous reaction with benzene-seleninic acid or anhydride; carbon dioxide + stainless steel; copper oxide; lead oxide; potassium peroxodisulfate; ruthenium(III) chloride. On contact with metal catalysts (e.g., platinum black; Raney nickel; copper-iron oxide; molybdenum; molybdenum oxides; iridium), it decomposes to ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen gases which may ignite or explode. A hypergolic reaction with dinitrogen tetraoxide is the basis of a liquid rocket fuel mixture. The vapor will burn without air. It is a powerful explosive. It is very sensitive and must not be used without full and complete instructions from the manufacturer for handling, storage, and disposal.

Residue from dehydrating hydrazine with barium or calcium oxide slowly decomposes exothermically in daylight and finally explodes.

Hydrazine may ignite spontaneously while absorbed on porous materials such as earth, asbestos, cloth, or wood unless the heat of the gradual hydrazine-air reaction has a chance to dissipate. Spontaneous ignition can occur with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid. Contact with many metallic oxide surfaces may lead to flaming decomposition.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Hydrazine (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, metallic oxides, acids [Note: Can ignite SPONTANEOUSLY on contact with oxidizers or porous materials such as earth, wood & cloth.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrazine is a colorless oily liquid. It is used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment, as an electrodeless nickel coating reagent, and in rocket propellant. It is also used in a variety of other fields including pharmaceuticals, explosives, polymers and polymer additives, antioxidants, metal reductants, hydrogenation of organic groups, photography, xerography, and dyes. It has been tested as an experimental therapy. HUMAN STUDIES: Skin contact with anhydrous hydrazine leads to caustic-like burns and dissolves hair. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported. Exposure to the eyes can produce temporary blindness. Liquid splashes to the eyes can produce corneal injury and burns. In cases of acute human poisoning, vomiting, severe irritation of the respiratory tract with the development of pulmonary edema, central nervous system depression, and hepatic and renal damage have been reported. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported. Exposure to hydrazine increases the risk of incident lung cancers and colon cancers, based on a study in a cohort of aerospace workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Hydrazine hydrate produced moderately severe irritation when 3 to 5 mL was applied to rabbit cornea, whereas 1 mL was much less irritating. Rabbit skin that was treated with 3 mL of anhydrous hydrazine for 1 min, followed by washing the treated area. Despite washing, mortality ensued 60 to 90 min after application. Acute toxicity has been characterized by liver damage consisting of fatty degeneration, red blood cell destruction and anemia, anorexia, weight loss, weakness, vomiting, excitability, hypoglycemia, and convulsions. Groups of dogs, monkeys, rats, and mice were exposed either 24 hr/day, 7 days/wk to 6.2 or 1 ppm, or 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk to 1 or 5 ppm hydrazine for 6 months. Mortality was seen in mice and dogs, but not in monkeys or rats. Dogs showed hematologic deficits and increased numbers of reticulocytes. Liver changes that consisted of moderate to severe fatty infiltration were marked in mice and dogs, were slight to moderate in monkeys, and were absent in the rat. Groups of rats were exposed orally during gestation to 8 mg/kg bw hydrazine. Maternal toxicity, including mortality and body weight loss, was seen, along with fetal toxicity that included reduced fetal weight and viability. Although some fetuses were pale and edematous, no major congenital malformations occurred. An increase in the number of lung tumors was observed in several strains of mice, but hydrazine did not increase the tumor yield in rats following either sc injection or intratracheal application. Hydrazine is positive in most standard assays for genetic toxicity endpoints. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Eggs of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at the mid-cleavage stage were exposed to hydrazine for 24 or 48 hr. Embryos, exposed for 24 hr, to 0.1 mg/L, showed several defects, such as slightly or moderately subnormal heart beat, hemoglobin levels, body movement, and amount of eye pigment. Embryos exposed to a hydrazine concentration of 1.0 mg/L for 48 hr appeared to have little chance of survival. Surviving embryos showed severe deformities and larvae exhibited reduced growth.

At least two mechanisms of action have been observed. One involves the direct binding of those hydrazines with a free amino group (hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) to key cellular molecules. Hydrazine reacts with alpha-keto acids such as vitamin B6 to form hydrazoines compounds. By binding to keto acids and forming hydrazones, hydrazine inhibits oxygen consumption with mitochondrial substrates in vitro. A second mechanism involves the generation of reactive species such as free radical intermediates or methyldiazonium ions as a result of metabolism. (L154)

Hydrazine/Hydrazine sulfate

Respiratory

Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of hydrazine. A positive association has been observed between exposure to hydrazine and cancer of the lung. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of hydrazine. Hydrazine is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Tumors have been induced in mice, rats and hamsters following oral, inhalation or intraperitoneal administration of hydrazine and hydrazine sulfate. Hydrazine is mutagenic in numerous assays. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Hydrazine and hydrazine sulfate are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Hydrazine

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 115: (2018) Some Industrial Chemicals

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Breathing hydrazines for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs, convulsions, tremors, or seizures. Breathing hydrazines for long periods may cause liver and kidney damage, as well as serious effects on reproductive organs. Eating or drinking small amounts of hydrazines may cause nausea, vomiting, uncontrolled shaking, inflammation of the nerves, drowsiness, or coma. (L154)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L153); inhalation (L153) ; dermal (L153)

Cough. Burning sensation. Headache. Confusion. Drowsiness. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; temporary blindness; dizziness, nausea; dermatitis; eye, skin burns; In Animals: bronchitis, pulmonary edema; liver, kidney damage; convulsions; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Hydrazine may cause corrosive burning sensations, confusion, convulsions, abdominal cramps, headache, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, or sore throat and cough, depending on the route of exposure. (L153)

Cancer, Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

[in animals: tumors of the lungs, liver, blood vessels & intestine]

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

3 x 10^-5 mg/m^3

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: static, 23-24 °C, pH 7.2-8.4, 240-292 mg CaCO3/L; Concentration: 1.08 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: flow-through, 10 °C, pH 6.7-8.0, 160-190 mg CaCO3/L; Concentration: 1.6 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: flow-through, 15.5 °C, pH 6.7-8.0, 160-190 mg CaCO3/L; Concentration: 1.0 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: flow-through, 21 °C, pH 6.7-8.0, 160-190 mg CaCO3/L; Concentration: 1.2 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Hydrazine (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 96-hr continuous flow no lethal effect concentration was 0.43 mg/L in bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus). The dorsal light response in the presence of an artificial prey was significantly decreased within 15 min of exposure to hydrazine concentrations well below the 96 hr static LC50. This was true both in static and in continuous-flow conditions. Aggressiveness, as measured by the number of attacks on the prey, was increased in a dose-related manner. Control fish made no attacks, but attacks increased as the hydrazine concentrations increased.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicities of hydrazine and phenylhydrazine to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, were studied under standardized conditions. Exposures to the chemicals started at the blastula stage and the effect on hatching and survival were monitored for 15 days. The results showed that toxicities of phenylhydrazine to both embryos and larvae were more than those of hydrazine. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.049 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0078 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.0035 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00098 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively. The No Adverse Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.0245 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0039 mg/L for phenylhydrazine and the No Adverse Observed Effect Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.00175 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00049 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Twelve day old eggs of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L. Eggs were exposed for 48 hr and subsequently maintained in recirculating-flow system. Exposure did not result in mortality or reduction in hatching. Aberrations in morphogenesis of larvae including loss of muscular control, reduced growth rates and loss of tactile sensitivity at 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Eggs of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at the mid-cleavage stage were exposed to hydrazine for 24 or 48 hr. Embryos, exposed for 24 hr, to 0.1 mg/L, showed several defects, such as slightly or moderately subnormal heart beat, hemoglobin levels, body movement, and amount of eye pigment. From 1 mg/L upwards, the responses were generally stronger; in addition, body pigment was absent and developmental arrest was observed. Embryos exposed to a hydrazine concentration of 1.0 mg/L for 48 hr appeared to have little chance of survival. Surviving embryos showed severe deformities and larvae exhibited reduced growth.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Hydrazine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.20e-02

1.40e-01

5.70e-04

2.50e-03

1.10e-03

5.00e+01

3.00e+00

4.90e-03

Volatile

1.12e+05

3.20e+00

1.40e+01

5.70e-02

2.50e-01

1.10e-01

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Hydrazine's production and use as rocket fuel, for corrosion control in boilers and hot-water heating systems, in metal plating, reaction catalyst, oxidizing agent and chemical intermediate in producing foaming agents for plastics, polymers, fungicides, herbicides, growth regulators and pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Hydrazine is also produced naturally by the bacterium Azotobacter agile during nitrogen fixation. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 14.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates hydrazine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase hydrazine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.6 hours. Hydrazine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, hydrazine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 13. The pKa of hydrazine is 7.96, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form as a weak base in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the free base from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an environmental fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Hydrazine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Hydrazine appears to degrade more rapidly in soil than in water, with oxidation as the main removal processes. Biodegradation was a relatively minor fate process; in non-sterile soils, 20% of hydrazine loss was attributed to biodegradation. If released into water, hydrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Utilizing fresh water inoculm, 90% of a low concentration of hydrazine was reached in 2 hours indicating that biodegradation is an environmental fate process in water. However the compound is toxic to microorganisms at high concentrations. Volatilization of the free base from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. The pKa indicates hydrazine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 34 and 250 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. In aqueous systems, the primary mechanism of hydrazine degradation is oxidation to N2 gas by oxygen. Hydrazine is degraded rapidly in water through abiotic processes. The half-life of hydrazine in pond water was about 8.3 days. Hard water and water rich in dissolved organic matter tend to degrade hydrazine more rapidly than water containing lower amounts of organic matter and calcium carbonate. Hydrazine solutions are inherently unstable in the presence of oxygen under alkaline or neutral conditions (the autoxidation rate was found to be higher at pH 7.0 than at pH 9.0); however, they are quite stable under strongly acidic conditions or in the absence of oxygen. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at workplaces where hydrazine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hydrazine through inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

Hydrazine has been found to be a primary product of nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter agile(1). Nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium live in close association with plant roots and enhance plant growth(2).

Hydrazine's production and use as rocket fuel, for corrosion control in boilers and hot-water heating systems, in metal plating, reaction catalyst, oxidizing agent and chemical intermediate in producing foaming agents for plastics, polymers, fungicides, herbicides, growth regulators and pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Hydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 7.96(3), which indicates it will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils, and this species may adsorb more than the free base(3). Volatilization of free-base hydrazine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an environmental fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 14.4 mm Hg(4), and assigned value for water solubility of 1.0X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Hydrazine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Hydrazine appears to degrade more rapidly in soil than in water, with oxidation as the main removal processes. Comparison to degradation rates in sterile soils indicated that autoxidation appeared to be the major factor contributing to disappearance of the chemical with <3% recovered from sterile soil. Biodegradation was a relatively minor fate process; in non-sterile soils, 20% of hydrazine loss was attributed to biodegradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hydrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 14.4 mm Hg(4), and assigned value for water solubility of 1.0X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 34 and 250 days, respectively(SRC). A pKa of 7.92(6) indicates hydrazine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its Kow of -2.07(8) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing fresh water inoculm, 90% of a low concentration of hydrazine was reached in 2 hours(9) indicating that biodegradation is an environmental fate process in water(SRC). However the compound is toxic to microorganisms at high concentrations(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrazine is degraded rapidly in water through abiotic processes(SRC). The estimated half-life of hydrazine, initially present at 1.8 mM, in pond water was 8.3 days(1). In river water, containing substantial amounts of organic matter, 22.6%, 96%, and 100% of the added hydrazine, initially at 5 mg/L, was degraded after about 1 hour, 1 day and 2 days, respectively. In pond water, 20%, 74%, 80%, and 81.6% of the added hydrazine, initially at 5 mg/L, was degraded after about 1 hr, 1 day, 2 days and 3 days, respectively(2). Hydrazine will react with dissolved oxygen at a rate inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrazine. After 4 days, 52%, 48%, 21.4% and 7.4% of the added hydrazine had degraded in hard water, moderately hard water, slightly hard water, and soft water samples, respectively. The addition of organic matter increased the amount of hydrazine degraded(2). Hydrazine solutions are inherently unstable in the presence of oxygen under alkaline or neutral conditions (the autoxidation rate was found to be higher at pH 7.0 than at pH 9.0); however, they are quite stable under strongly acidic conditions or in the absence of oxygen(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hydrazine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 14.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 6.6 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase hydrazine also reacts with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). It was estimated that the half-life for the reaction of hydrazine with ozone would be <10 minutes during ozone pollution episodes and <2 hours in the 'natural' troposphere(5). Hydrazine will react rapidly with nitrogen oxides in the light and in the dark with a half-life of about 2 hours(6). Hydrazine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(7) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Hydrazine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). The degradation of hydrazine hydrate in river water follows 1st order reaction kinetics(2). The degradation rate increased with increasing temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of microorganisms at pH values of 6-8(2). Hydrazine at 500 mg/L, present in a wastewater mixture of other hydrazine compounds, was incubated with an inoculum prepared from a trickling filter plant; following a 24 hour lag period, this mixture of compounds was readily biodegraded as measured by oxygen uptake(3). No specific information on the fate of hydrazine alone was available in this study(3). Hydrazine, present at 11 ug/mL, was 90% degraded in six different water samples within 2 hours. The compound was toxic at higher concentrations(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the reaction of vapor-phase hydrazine with ozone, determined in a static system with an FT-IR detector, is 3X10-17 cu cm/molecule/sec at 298 K(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Apparent degradation rates of about 0.2 ppm/min and about 0.3 ppm/min for the reaction between ozone and hydrazine were estimated from decay rates for the two species determined in the dark in a 30,000 L Teflon outdoor chamber at 21-24 and 44 °C(3). The major product of the reaction was hydrogen peroxide; N20 and NH3 were minor products(3). It was estimated that the half-life for the reaction of hydrazine with ozone would be <10 min during ozone pollution episodes and <2 hr in the 'natural' troposphere(3). In the absence of ozone, the hydrazine half-life at 15 °C and 16% relative humidity is 5 hr, and at 14 °C and 85% relative humidity is 1.8 hr(3). Ammonia was detected but accounted for only 5-10% of the hydrazine which decayed(3). Hydrazine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

When a mixture of 0.87 ppm NO and 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide and 1.3 ppm of hydrazine in a 30,000 L Teflon outdoor chamber was exposed to sunlight, nearly 100% of the hydrazine was degraded in 30 min(1). The level of nitrous oxide increased throughout the experiment. In the dark under similar conditions, 15% of the initial hydrazine degraded in 26 min and the half-life was about 2 hr(1). Decomposition of the hydrazine to nitrogen gas and water predominated and no evidence of a reaction between hydrazine and nitrogen oxides was observed(1). The half-life for the reaction between hydrazine in atmospheric aerosols with ozone is about 100 min(2). Nitrogen and water are products of the aqueous ozone oxidation of hydrazine(2). The relative contributions to ozone oxidation of hydrazine via aqueous and gas phase routes were estimated for both a moderately polluted and a remote environment; aqueous and gas phase oxidation rates, based on the total amounts of hydrazines present in all forms were slower in the polluted than in the remote environment(3). Aqueous aerosol from a polluted environment would have a much lower pH where 99% or more of the total particular hydrazine present is dissolved in the aerosol as the protonated form; this form oxidizes slowly, if at all(3).

Hydrazine was added at 5.0 mg/L to city, county and stored laboratory water which had been adjusted to the same temperature and dissolved oxygen levels. After 4 days, 10%, 100% and 40% of the added hydrazine had degraded in the city, county and laboratory waters, respectively(1). This result was attributed to the relatively high hardness of the county water(1). The contribution of water hardness to hydrazine degradation was confirmed in another experiment. Samples of hard water, moderately hard water, slightly hard water, and soft water were mixed with 5 mg/L hydrazine. After 4 days, 52%, 48%, 21.4% and 7.4% of the added hydrazine had degraded in the hard water, moderately hard water, lightly hard water, and soft water, respectively(1). After 4 days in hard water with and without fish excreta, 100% and 55% of the added hydrazine had degraded. After 4 days in soft water with and without fish excreta, 70% and 10% of the added hydrazine had degraded(1). Polluting material, rich in organic matter, was the leading contributor to hydrazine degradation(1); it was shown that dissolved organic matter in pond water reduces the effective concentration of added copper, decreasing the rate of hydrazine autoxidation(2). In aqueous systems, the primary mechanism of hydrazine degradation seems to be a four-electron oxidation to N2 gas by oxygen. The oxidation rate was very slow in distilled water but increased with the addition of catalysts such as Cu(II) and phosphate ions. Ammonia as well as N2 gas evolution was correlated with Cu(II) and phosphate ion concentration(3). Hydrazine solutions are inherently unstable in the presence of oxygen under alkaline or neutral conditions (the autoxidation rate was found to be higher at pH 7.0 than at pH 9.0); however, they are quite stable under strongly acidic conditions or in the absence of oxygen(3). After four hours, approximately 72%, 60%, 47%, and 39% of the hydrazine initially present at 0.047, 0.068, 0.158 and 0.195 ppm, respectively, reacted with oxygen in air-saturated distilled water at 20 °C and pH 9(4).

Hydrazine appears to degrade more rapidly in soil than in water, with oxidation as the main removal processes. Hydrazine applied to nonsterile Arredondo soil (fine sand; pH 5.7; OC 1.7%) at concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 ug/g was completely degraded in 1.5 hours, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively. In this study, comparison to degradation rates in sterile soils indicated that autoxidation appeared to be the major factor contributing to disappearance of the chemical with <3% recovered from sterile soil. Biodegradation was a relatively minor fate process; in non-sterile soils, 20% of hydrazine loss was attributed to biodegradation(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for hydrazine(SRC), using a log Kow of -2.07(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bioconcentration in guppies was studied using both "hard" (440 mg/L CACO3) and "soft" (22 mg/L CACO3) water(4). Little uptake was noted in the soft water experiments, but mild bioconcentration was observed in the experiments conducted using hard water(4). After 96 hours, the concentration of hydrazine in guppies was about 144 ug/g(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of hydrazine can be estimated to be 13(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that hydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of hydrazine is 7.92(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). The nature and extent of hydrazine adsorption by clays and soils is very dependent on suspension pH and on the types of surface functional groups present on the solid matrix. Under acidic conditions, pH 4.0, 99.9% of the hydrazine is present as the protonated species and should be able to readily replace Na+ from exchange sites(3). Under alkaline conditions, pH 8.0, approximately 50% of the hydrazine is protonated and 50% is in neutral form. The primary mechanism of hydrazine adsorption in a montmorillonite clay suspension was cation exchange, both at pH 4 and 8; adsorption of hydrazine was lower at the higher pH value(3). The main mechanism for hydrazine retention at pH 4 and at low hydrazine concentrations in the upper Arrendondo soil horizon (fine sand) was also cation exchange. At higher concentrations more than 60% of the hydrazine interacted with a different type of binding site, possibly with organic-surface functional groups such as carbonyl groups(3). Under alkaline conditions, using upper horizon Arrendondo soil, (at pH 8.0) hydrazine was adsorbed more readily than at pH 4(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U133, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Hydrazine is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration with facilities for effluent scrubbing to abate any ammonia formed in the combustion process.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Hydrazine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable, with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass/

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable, with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass/

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable, with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass/

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable, with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Hydrazine (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2029 132(anhydrous)

3293 152(≤ 37% solution)

2030 153(37-64% solution)

2029 132(>64% solution)

UN 2029; Hydrazine, anhydrous

UN 2030; Hydrazine aqueous solution, with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass

UN 3293; Hydrazine, aqueous solution, with not more than 37% hydrazine, by mass

UN 3484; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for Hydrazine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 062 25; Hydrazine, anhydrous

49 350 30; Hydrazine, aqueous solution

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Hydrazine, anhydrous; hydrazine, aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass; hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable with more than 37% hydrazine by mass; and hydrazine, aqueous solution with not more than 37% hydrazine by mass are included on the dangerous goods list. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine, aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable with more than 37% hydrazine by mass; Hydrazine, aqueous solution with not more than 37% hydrazine by mass/

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Hydrazine, anhydrous; hydrazine, aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine by weight; hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable with more than 37% hydrazine, by weight; and hydrazine, aqueous solution with 37% or less hydrazine, by weight are included on the dangerous goods list. /Hydrazine, anhydrous; Hydrazine, aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine by weight; Hydrazine aqueous solution, flammable with more than 37% hydrazine, by weight; Hydrazine, aqueous solution with 37% or less hydrazine, by weight/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Corrosive Flammable Liquid Poison

Special material. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-10-23/24/25-34-43-50/53; S: 53-45-60-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3 and 6.1; UN Pack Group: I