Cesium hydroxide

H302 (97.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (99.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (65.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361 (19.6%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H361f (46.2%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (65.8%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 225 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cesium hydroxide:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of skin contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fires involving cesium hydroxide should be fought upwind and from the maximum distance possible. isolate the hazard area and deny access to unnecessary personnel. Emergency personnel should stay out of low areas and ventilate closed spaces before entering. Containers of cesium hydroxide may explode in the heat of the fire and should be moved from the fire area if it is possible to do so safely. If this is not possible, cool containers from the sides with water until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of containers. Dikes should be sued to contain fire-control water for later disposal. Firefighters should wear a full set of protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving cesium hydroxide. Structural firefighters' protective clothing may provide limited protection against fires involving cesium hydroxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or standard foam to extinguish fires involving cesium hydroxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Personal protection: chemical protection suit. Sweep spilled substance into plastic or glass containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

In the event of a spill or leak involving cesium hydroxide or a solution containing cesium hydroxide, persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from contaminated areas until cleanup is complete. The following steps should be undertaken following a spill or leak: 1. Do not touch the spilled material; stop the leak if it is possible to do so without risk. 2. Notify safety personnel. 3. Do not use water in clean-up. 4. For small dry spills, use a scoop or clean shovel and gently place the material into a clean, dry container, creating as little dust as possible; cover and remove the container form the spill area. 5. For liquid spills, dilute the contents of cesium hydroxide with water, neutralize the spilled material with dilute acid, absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material, and place into closed containers for later disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Workers should not eat, drink, use tobacco products, or apply cosmetics in areas where cesium hydroxide or a solution containing cesium hydroxide is handled, processed, or stored.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Cesium hydroxide (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Dry. Well closed. Separated from combustible substances, acids, strong oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs.

Cesium hydroxide should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers that are labeled in accordance with OSHA's hazard communication standard. Cesium hydroxide should not be stored in glass containers. Containers of cesium hydroxide should be protected from physical damage and should be stored separately from acids, organic compounds, metals, oxygen, carbon dioxide, moisture, heat, sparks, and open flame. Because container that formerly contained cesium hydroxide may still hold product residues, they should be handled appropriately.

Cesium hydroxide must be stored in silver or platinum and out of contact with air because of its reactivity with glass and carbon dioxide.

Keep tightly closed

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

6.0 [mg/m3]

19 [mg/m3]

110 [mg/m3]

TWA 2 mg/m3

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

2.0 [mg/m3]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 mg/cu m

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

2 mg/m³ [1990]

· Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

Small Fire

· CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cesium hydroxide:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Cesium hydroxide is a colorless to yellow crystalline solid. Harmful to skin and eyes. Used in electric storage batteries.

Cesium hydroxide, solution appears as an aqueous solution. Strongly corrosive. Harmful to skin and eyes. Used in electric storage batteries.

Colorless or yellowish, crystalline solid. Note: Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air); [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Colorless or yellowish, crystalline solid.

Colorless or yellowish, crystalline solid. [Note: Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air).]

White-yellow hygroscopic crystals

Colorless or yellowish, fused, crystalline mass

522 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

342.3 °C

MP: 272.3 °C

395 % at 59 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in ethanol

Soluble in about 25 parts water, much heat being evolved

300 g/100 g water at 30 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 15 °C: 395 (very good)

(59 °F): 395%

3.68 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

3.68 g/cu cm

3.68 g/cm³

3.675 @25 °C

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

0 mmHg (approx)

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Cesium/cesium oxides.

Corrosive

Strong alkaline reaction. The strongest base known

Very deliquescent

Colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic substance; mp 205-208 °C; density 3.5 g/cu cm; solubility 860 g/100 g water at 15 °C. The solution is a strong base and very caustic. /Cesium hydroxide monohydrate/

Other Classes -> Bases

Corrosives

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Heat is generated when dissolved in water.

Dilution with water may generate enough heat to cause steaming or spattering.

Bases, Strong

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Water-Reactive

Known Catalytic Activity

CSL00204

2-Methoxyprop-2-yl Hydroperoxide + Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide + 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine + Dichloromethane + Cesium hydroxide + Dimethylformamide

"We would like to draw attention to a potential hazard associated with a procedure reported from our laboratories, "2-Methoxyprop-2-yl Hydroperoxide: A Convenient Reagent for the Synthesis of Hydroperoxides and Peracids," P. H. Dussault and A. Sahli [J. Org. Chem., 57, 1009 (1992). DOI: 10.1021/jo00029a043]. The procedure, which calls for room-temperature concentration of the ozonolysis-derived reagent before redissolution in an appropriate solvent, has been performed uneventfully on numerous occasions. Recently, however, several concentrated samples were observed to undergo rapid exothermic decomposition. In one case, an open vial containing a 2-g sample emitted a pillar of flame several feet high. We are currently investigating alternative procedures, including concentration of the reagent at 0 C. Extreme caution, including the rigorous use of safety shields, is warranted. The reagent should not be stored, but should be generated only as needed. Dilute solutions of excess reagent can be safely quenched with dimethyl sulfide, triphenylphosphine, or aqueous sodium sulfite." (reprint of full text)

Flammable,Pyrophoric

Not Available

10.1021/cen-v071n032.p002

Literature Reference

10/21/2022

10/20/2022

CESIUM HYDROXIDE neutralizes acids violently to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84 °C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

CESIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84 °C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

Water, acids, CO2, metals (e.g., Al, Pb, Sn, Zn), oxygen [Note: CsOH is a strong base, causing the generation of considerable heat in contact with water or moisture.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Skin burns.

Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin burns

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rat ip 100 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 570 mg/kg

LD50 Rat intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 800 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In humans, cesium hydroxide is irritating and corrosive to the eyes, nose throat, and skin. Solutions containing 5% cesium hydroxide are regarded as safe for human skin contact; however in contact with the eyes, a solution of this concentration causes extreme irritation and corneal corrosion. Stronger solutions of cesium hydroxide cause eye and skin burns and may cause permanent damage.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The signs and symptoms of acute inhalation exposure to cesium hydroxide include a burning sensation in the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract; runny nose; pain, redness and tearing of the eyes; difficult breathing; and redness, pain and burns of the skin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an acute lethality study of rats, administration of cesium hydroxide or cesium iodide at dose levels up to 910 or 1,217 mg Cs/kg, respectively, resulted in stomach and intestinal hemorrhage, bloody fluid exudate within the peritoneal cavity, and adhesions of abdominal organs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats administered unspecified acute gavage doses of cesium hydroxide exhibited initial signs of hyperexcitability followed by apathy and weakness during the course of 14 days of observation after dosing

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 5% solution of cesium hydroxide was extremely irritating and caustic to the rabbit eye. It is likely that this effect was the result of the caustic nature of the hydroxide rather than an effect due to cesium per se.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 5% solution of CsOH was irritating to intact skin of rabbits and extremely irritating to the abraded skin and to the eyes; and there was no evidence of cutaneous sensitization in treated guinea pigs.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Gastrointestinal and respiratory effects noted in rats administered acute oral doses of cesium hydroxide may have been due to the alkaline properties of the compound rather than the biochemical behavior of cesium.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Cesium hydroxide (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2681 154(solution)

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II