trifluoroacetyl chloride

H280 (46.6%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (46.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (46.6%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (53.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361d (46.6%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372 (46.6%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412 (46.6%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 73 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. In case of skin contact with hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

· In case of skin contact with hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Carbon oxides, Hydrogen chloride gas, Hydrogen fluoride

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 3057 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 800 m (2500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.9 km (0.6 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 4.9 km (3.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 11.0+ km (7.0+ mi)

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Do not flush with water. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Contents under pressure.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.

AEGLs Status: Holding

0.026 [ppm]

0.29 [ppm]

1.7 [ppm]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Trifluoroacetyl chloride appears as a colorless gas. Shipped as a liquid under own vapor pressure. Contact with the unconfined liquid may frostbite unprotected skin. Very toxic by inhalation and may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket.

A colorless gas; [CAMEO] Colorless liquefied gas with a pungent odor; [Halocarbon MSDS]

Colorless gas

Colorless liquified gas

Pungent odor

Exothermic reaction with water to form water soluble trifluoroacetic acid and byproduct HCl.

1.384 g/mL at 20 °C

72 psia at 25 °C (3273 mm Hg)

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of F- and Cl-.

Corrosive to materials

20 kJ/mol

Reacts avidly with water and with moisture in the air to give fumes of hydrogen chloride, a water-soluble toxic gas.

Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, alkalis. Reacts vigorously with amines and alkalis. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts.

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Point group

Quadrupole coupling

Reaction coordinate

Vapor pressure

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acid Halides

PFAS -> PFAS identified in REACH Regulation EC No. 1272/2008

Reacts avidly with water and with moisture in the air to give fumes of hydrogen chloride, a water-soluble toxic gas.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

TRIFLUOROACETYL CHLORIDE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, alkalis. Reacts vigorously with amines and alkalis. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Reacts violently with water.

Corrosive

Incompatible materials: Strong bases. Reacts violently with water, alcohols, metals.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Trifluororacetyl chloride (TFA) is a gas that is used in chemical synthesis. TFA is also a metabolite of halothane. HUMAN STUDIES: Anesthetics such as halothane are believed to trigger hepatitis by covalently linking a TFA hapten (metabolite of halothane) to hepatic proteins. The vast majority of patients with a clinical diagnosis of halothane hepatitis have serum antibodies, which react with one or more specific liver microsomal proteins that have been covalently altered by the TFA. The serum antibodies are specific to halothane hepatitis patients and are not seen in sera of patients with other types of liver pathology. When the purified TFA 57-kD and native 57-kD proteins from liver microsomes of halothane-treated and untreated rats respectively, were used as test antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum antibodies from halothane hepatitis patients (n = 40) reacted with both of these proteins to a significantly greater extent than did serum antibodies from control patients (n = 32). In a separate study 25 of 56 (45%) patients diagnosed with halothane hepatitis had autoantibodies that reacted with human cytochrome P450 2E1. In this case cytochrome P450 2E1 became trifluoroacetylated when it oxidatively metabolized halothane. ANIMAL STUDIES: TFA exposure by inhalation at 40 ppm and 90 ppm produced mortality and body weight loss in rats. Exposure of rats over a 90-day period to vapor of TFA at 0.1 ppm caused a predominantly lymphocytic local response in the lungs and local lymph nodes. Antibodies purified from the sera of rabbits sensitized to a TFA-protein adduct cross-reacted with a TFA-phosphatidylethanolamine adduct. These findings suggest that TFA-phosphatidylethanolamine adducts that reside in nonlamellar domains on the hepatocyte surface could be recognition sites for anti-TFA-adduct antibodies and potentially participate in immune-mediated hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, it was suggested that glutathione-S-transferase could be a target for covalent modification in the liver following an inhalation exposure to halothane.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (rat) = 35.3 ppm/6hr

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/CASE REPORTS/ Three cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) have been reported after desflurane anesthesia. However, no previous reports have detected serum autoantibodies such as that reported with DILI from halothane or isoflurane. We describe the first documentation of cytochrome P450 2E1 IgG4 autoantibodies, as well as 58 kDa endoplasmic reticulum protein and trifluoroacetyl chloride hapten-specific IgG4 antibodies, in a patient who developed DILI after desflurane anesthesia. These findings suggest that allergic and autoimmune mechanisms have critical roles in the development of desflurane DILI.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that the fulminant liver failure sometimes associated with the inhalation anesthetic halothane may be an immune-mediated toxicity. Most importantly, the vast majority of patients with a clinical diagnosis of halothane hepatitis have serum antibodies, which react with one or more specific liver microsomal proteins that have been covalently altered by the trifluoroacetyl chloride metabolite of halothane. The serum antibodies are specific to halothane hepatitis patients and are not seen in sera of patients with other types of liver pathology. In this study, a 57-kD trifluoroacetylated liver microsomal neoantigen associated with halothane hepatitis and native 57-kD protein were purified from liver microsomes of halothane-treated and -untreated rats, respectively. When the purified trifluoroacetylated 57-kD and native 57-kD proteins were used as test antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum antibodies from halothane hepatitis patients (n = 40) reacted with both of these proteins to a significantly greater extent than did serum antibodies from control patients (n = 32). On the basis of its apparent monomeric molecular mass, isoelectric point and NH2-terminal amino acid and tryptic peptide sequences, the 57-kD protein has been identified as rat liver protein disulfide isomerase. Antibodies raised against rat liver protein disulfide isomerase also reacted with a protein of approximately 58-kD in human liver microsomes. The results of this investigation suggest that trifluoroacetylated protein disulfide isomerase is one of the immunogens associated with halothane hepatitis. In certain patients it might lead either to specific antibodies or, possibly, to specific T cells, which could be responsible for halothane hepatitis.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Anesthetics are believed to trigger hepatitis by covalently linking a trifluoroacetyl (TFA) chloride hapten to hepatic proteins, forming haptenated self-proteins

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The purpose of this study was to compare the toxic potential of two batches of different production process of TFAC in rats and to confirm the LC 50 (78 ppm). 20 male and 20 female Sprague Dawley derived rats were randomly distributed in groups of 5 and exposed once for 4 hr via inhalation to TFAC. Target concentrations for both batches were 40 and 90 ppm. The animals were exposed in a cylindrical nose-only exposure chamber of polypropylene. After termination of exposure the animals were observed for 14 days. During this period the animals were observed for clinical symptoms and changes in body weights. All animals were necropsied. The animals were examined for changes of their external appearance and for macroscopical changes in the cervical area and the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The lungs (including the tracheas) were weighed. The mortalities were observed within the first week after exposure. At 40 ppm: no mortality in the group E; 2 mortalities for the group A. At 90 ppm: 4 males and 4 females died in the group B; 4 males and 4 females died in the group D. /Groups A, B, D, and E were divided by production process; no details were provided on the processes/. All animals showed a marked body weight loss during the first 3 days. At the end of the observation period the weight gains of the survivors resumed up to normal values except for the animals exposed to 90 ppm TFAC which showed a lower body weight gain.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Exposure of rats over a 90-day period to the vapor of TFAC at 2 ppm caused a mild inflammatory response in the lungs consistent with the corrosive nature of this material. Signs of inflammation of similar severity were observed also at the lowest tested concentration, 0.1 ppm, but not at the mid concentration (0.48 ppm). This behavior was tentatively related by the study director to the ability of TFAC to act as a hapten. /It was/ speculated that TFAC could mainly act as a hapten at the lowest concentration, whereas the corrosive properties could play a role in the inflammatory response observed at the highest concentration. However this intrerpretation can hardly explain the total absence of inflammatory changes observed at the mid concentration. Exposure of rats over a 90-day period to vapor of TFAC at 0.1 ppm caused a predominantly lymphocytic local response in the lungs and local lymph nodes which may represent a reaction by the immune system not induced at higher exposure levels. Although there was no effect at 0.5 ppm, a no effect level was not established in this study because exposure at 0.1 ppm elicited an apparent immune response.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The delayed fulminant form of halothane hepatotoxicity is thought to be triggered by an immune response to haptenic adducts formed by a metabolite, trifluoroacetyl chloride. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies purified from the sera of rabbits sensitized to a trifluoroacetyl-protein adduct will cross-react with a trifluoroacetyl-phosphatidylethanolamine adduct. Trifluoroacetyl adducts of both rabbit serum albumin (TFA-RSA) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (TFA-DOPE) were prepared. The TFA-RSA was coupled to an Affigel-10 affinity column to purify hapten-selective immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies (anti-TFA-RSA IgG) from the sera of rabbits given i.m. injections of TFA-RSA. The TFA-DOPE was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and the structure confirmed with direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Lamellar liposomes containing a mixture of 5% TFA-DOPE, 71% DOPE and 24% dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, as well as hexagonal phase micelles containing 5% TFA-DOPE and 95% DOPE, were prepared by sonication. Anti-TFA-RSA IgG antibodies were added to each of these lipid mixtures for 30 min, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antirabbit IgG antibodies were added next for an additional 30 min and then binding of anti-TFA-RSA IgG antibodies to TFA-DOPE was quantified by flow cytometry. Anti-TFA-RSA IgG antibodies bound to TFA-DOPE only when it was incorporated into hexagonal phase micelles. These findings suggest that TFA-phosphatidylethanolamine adducts that reside in nonlamellar domains on the hepatocyte surface could be recognition sites for anti-TFA-adduct antibodies and potentially participate in immune-mediated hepatotoxicity.

/IMMUNOTOXICITY/ The pathogenesis of immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) following halogenated anesthetics, carbamazepine or alcohol has not been fully elucidated. Detecting cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) IgG4 auto-antibodies in anesthetic DILI patients suggests a role for IL-4 in this hapten-mediated process. We investigated IL-4-mediated mechanisms using our model of experimental DILI induced by immunizing BALB/c (WT) and IL-4(-/-) (KO) mice with S100 liver proteins covalently modified by a trifluoroacetyl chloride (TFA) hapten formed following halogenated anesthetic metabolism by CYP2E1. WT mice developed more hepatitis, TFA and S100 antibodies (p<0.01), as well as T-cell proliferation to CYP2E1 and TFA (p<0.01) than KO mice. Additionally, WT CD4(+) T cells adoptively transferred hepatitis to naive Rag(-/-) mice (p<0.01). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were expectedly decreased in TFA hapten-stimulated KO splenocyte supernatants (p<0.001); however, IL-2 and IFN-gamma (p<0.05), as well as IL-6 and IL-10 (p<0.001) levels were elevated in CYP2E1-stimulated KO splenocyte supernatants, suggesting dual IL-4-mediated pro-inflammatory and regulatory responses. Anti-IL-10 administered to KO mice increased hepatitis, TFA and CYP2E1 antibodies in KO mice confirming a critical role for IL-4. This is the first demonstration of dual roles for IL-4 in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated DILI by suppressing auto-antigen-induced regulatory responses while promoting hapten-induced pro-inflammatory responses.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Trifluoroacetyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Trifluoroacetyl chloride's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals and other specialized applications may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3273 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoroacetyl chloride will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Results of laboratory studies have demonstrated that trifluoroacetyl chloride will react via hydrolysis with water vapor and water in the atmosphere. The tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis is estimated to range from 0.04 to 2 days at 5 to 11 °C. If released to soil, trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water; therefore, mobility and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes. Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers. If released into water, hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process. The hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C is 0.063 seconds. Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces trifluoroacetyl chloride is produced or used. (SRC)

Trifluoroacetyl chloride's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals and other specialized applications(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Gaseous trifluoroacetyl chloride provides a way to introduce trifluoromethyl groups into more complex molecules(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(3); therefore, mobility in moist soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure(4) and, therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water(1). The hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C is 0.063 seconds(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is the dominant fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Trifluoroacetyl chloride has a vapor pressure of 3273 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) and will exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Results of laboratory studies have demonstrated that trifluoroacetyl chloride will react via hydrolysis with water vapor and water in the atmosphere(2,3). The tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis is estimated to range from 0.04 days at 11 °C(2) to 0.2-2 days at 5 °C(3).

Based on results of laboratory studies, the tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride ranges from 0.2-2 days at 5 °C(1). The degradation of trifluoroacetyl chloride in the atmosphere is the result of hydrolysis with water and water vapor. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (clouds, rain, etc.) and temperature affect the hydrolysis rate(1). In another laboratory study, the tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis was about 0.04 days at 11 °C(2). The hydrolysis rate constant of trifluoroacetyl chloride in pure water at 25 °C is approximately 11 per second(3) which corresponds to a half-life of 0.063 seconds(SRC).

Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoroacetyl chloride can be estimated to be 3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(3); therefore, mobility in moist soil is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure(1) and therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers(SRC). Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(2); therefore, volatilization from water or moist soil may not be important fate processes(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of trifluoroacetyl chloride in the United States may be as low as 50 to <100 workers and as high as 50 to < 100 workers per plant (1 plant's data was CBI); the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces trifluoroacetyl chloride is produced or used. (SRC)

Trifluoroacetyl chloride's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals and other specialized applications may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3273 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoroacetyl chloride will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Results of laboratory studies have demonstrated that trifluoroacetyl chloride will react via hydrolysis with water vapor and water in the atmosphere. The tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis is estimated to range from 0.04 to 2 days at 5 to 11 °C. If released to soil, trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water; therefore, mobility and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes. Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers. If released into water, hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process. The hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C is 0.063 seconds. Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces trifluoroacetyl chloride is produced or used. (SRC)

Trifluoroacetyl chloride's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals and other specialized applications(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Gaseous trifluoroacetyl chloride provides a way to introduce trifluoromethyl groups into more complex molecules(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(3); therefore, mobility in moist soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure(4) and, therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water(1). The hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C is 0.063 seconds(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is the dominant fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Trifluoroacetyl chloride has a vapor pressure of 3273 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) and will exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Results of laboratory studies have demonstrated that trifluoroacetyl chloride will react via hydrolysis with water vapor and water in the atmosphere(2,3). The tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis is estimated to range from 0.04 days at 11 °C(2) to 0.2-2 days at 5 °C(3).

Based on results of laboratory studies, the tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride ranges from 0.2-2 days at 5 °C(1). The degradation of trifluoroacetyl chloride in the atmosphere is the result of hydrolysis with water and water vapor. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (clouds, rain, etc.) and temperature affect the hydrolysis rate(1). In another laboratory study, the tropospheric lifetime of trifluoroacetyl chloride due to hydrolysis was about 0.04 days at 11 °C(2). The hydrolysis rate constant of trifluoroacetyl chloride in pure water at 25 °C is approximately 11 per second(3) which corresponds to a half-life of 0.063 seconds(SRC).

Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoroacetyl chloride can be estimated to be 3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoroacetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(3); therefore, mobility in moist soil is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Trifluoroacetyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and pressure(1) and therefore, is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere when released as a liquid from pressurized containers(SRC). Trifluoroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes rapidly when contacted with water (half-life of 0.063 seconds at 25 °C)(2); therefore, volatilization from water or moist soil may not be important fate processes(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of trifluoroacetyl chloride in the United States may be as low as 50 to <100 workers and as high as 50 to < 100 workers per plant (1 plant's data was CBI); the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces trifluoroacetyl chloride is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Trifluoroacetyl chloride ID: 3057 [Table#8449]

/GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. . For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced

/GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Trifluoroacetyl chloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3057; Trifluoroacetyl chloride

IMO 2.3; Trifluoroacetyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Trifluoroacetyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Trifluoroacetyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Poison Gas Corrosive