1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370 (100%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P320, P321, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 47 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Interim

0.01 [ppm]

0.11 [ppm]

0.33 [ppm]

Ceiling Limit: 0.01 ppm

0.01 ppm as STEL

0.01 ppm [1989]

ERPG-1: Not appropriate - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 0.1 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 0.3 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

/The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international treaty which bans the development, production, stockpiling, and transfer or use of chemical weapons. The Convention mandates the destruction and prohibition of chemical weapons and related facilities and provides for restrictions on international trade in toxic chemicals and precursors./ The Convention's monitoring and verification measures involve submission of declarations regarding ... /Schedule 1, 2, and 3 chemicals/ and inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of the facilities where these chemicals are produced. ... Schedule 2 lists toxic chemicals and precursors deemed to pose a significant risk to the object and purpose of the CWC because of their lethal or incapacitating properties. Precursors may be used in the final stage for formation, or may be important for the production, of any of the chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or toxic chemicals listed in Schedule 2. Schedule 2 chemicals are not produced in large quantities for commercial ... purposes ... but may be used to manufacture such things as insecticides, herbicides, lubricants or pharmaceutical products (2). 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene is listed in the CWC Annex on Chemicals under Schedule 2 (1).

Emergency Response Planning Guidlines (ERPGs) for perfluoroisobutylene:[Table#7353]

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of this gas may cause lung oedema. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Safety spectacles, protective gloves

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Colorless gas; [ICSC] Colorless gas that is a colorless liquid when stored under its own pressure; [SynQuest Laboratories MSDS]

COLOURLESS GAS.

Colorless, odorless gas at room temp. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride.

Colorless gas

Gas at room temperature

Odorless

7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Decomposes in water

1.592 g/cu cm at 0 °C

1.5922 @ 0°C

6.3 (Air = 1)

1740 mm Hg at 25 °C

1740 mmHg

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/.

Other Uses -> Pyrolysis Products

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Perfluoroisobutylene is a colorless gas which is soluble in water. It may be used as a potential chemical warfare agent; etching material for semiconductor fabrication and synthesis of polymeric materials. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. The substance irritates the respiratory tract. Inhalation exposure may cause severe symptoms of pulmonary edema with wheezing, difficulty in breathing, coughing up sputum and bluish discoloration of the skin. Coughing and chest pain may occur initially. However, severe symptoms of pulmonary edema may be delayed for several hours and then become rapidly worse. Overexposure may cause death. This chemical is a human skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Human acute exposures causes marked irritation of conjunctivae, throat, and lungs. Occupational exposure to perfluoroisobutylene is limited but may occur through inhalation at workplaces where it or the polymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) is produced or used. ANIMAL STUDIES: In an acute study, rats were exposed to perfluoroisobutylene at 0.25 ppm for 4 hours. During exposure, some animals showed hyperpnea, while three of six animals had dyspnea for 3 hours postexposure. Hyperemia, sneezing, dyspnea, and mild responsiveness were also documented in some animals. Rats exposed by inhalation to this chemicalat either 0.24 or 0.49 ppm for 4 hours showed changes in conditioned reflexes, accompanied by an increase in the activity of glutamicoxaloacetic and glutamicpyruvic transaminases in the blood serum. Edema was seen in the lungs. The histopathology of rat lung has been studied after an acute exposure to perfluoroisobutylene at a concentration of 78 ppm for 1.5 minutes. Within 5 minutes of exposure changes to bronchioles and peribronchial alveoli were observed which took the form of alterations to cilial structure, increased pinocytosis and electron lucency, with occasional vesicle formation of type I alveolar epithelial cells. Intercellular leakage with minimal fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces was also seen. Gradual development of pulmonary edema followed and was visible histologically 2-3 hr post exposure with deaths occurring from 7 hr onwards. Animals sacrificed at 24 hr post exposure showed evidence of widespread pulmonary edema and alveolar interstitial infiltration by lympho-mononuclear cells and macrophages.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Sore throat. Cough. Nausea. Headache. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 0.5 ppm/6hr

LC50 Cat Inhalation 3.10 ppm 2hrs

LC50 Guinea Pig Inhalation 1.05 ppm 2 hrs.

LC50 Rats Inhalation 17 ppm 10 mins

LC50 Rat Inhalation 1.05 ppm 2 hrs

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Perfluoroisobutene, a pyrolysis product of polyetrafluoroethene may cause pulmonary edema and death when inhaled. Oral N-acetylcysteine has shown protection against inhalation of perfluoroisobutene... . Protection against the lethal effects of inhaled perfluoroisobutene has been shown when N-acetylcysteine has been orally administered 4, 6 or 8 hr before gas exposure. Plasma levels of cysteine, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine were increased for up to 7 hr following oral administration of Nac. N-acetylcysteine was not detected in the bronchioalveolar lavage fluid following oral administration. Duration of protection in vivo has been related to the duration of increased thiol levels in the plasma.

Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is a kind of fluoro-olefin that is ten times more toxic than phosgene. The mechanisms of the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by PFIB inhalation remain unclear. To find possible pharmacological interventions, mice and rats were exposed to PFIB, and the prophylactic or therapeutic effects of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and anisodamine were studied and confirmed. It was observed that the wet lung/body weight and the dry lung/body weight ratios at 24 hr after PFIB exposure (130 mg/cu m for 5 min) were significantly decreased when a single dose of QNB (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally either 30 min before exposure or 10 hr after exposure. Anisodamine was without any prophylactic or therapeutic effects at single doses below 30 mg/kg. The effects of QNB against PFIB inhalation induced ALI were well evidenced by the significantly decreased mice mortality at 72 hr, the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 hr after the PFIB exposure, as well as the ultrastructural observations. The analysis of the time courses of lung sulfhydryl concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and hemorheology assay showed that the toxicity of PFIB may be due to consumption of lung protein sulfhydryl, influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung, and increased peripheral blood viscosity at a low shear rate, all of which were partially blocked by QNB intervention except for PMN influx. The results suggest that cholinolytics might have prophylactic and therapeutic roles in PFIB inhalation induced ALI.

Permeability type lung edema has been induced in rats by exposing them to ... perfluoroisobutene (PFIB). The loop diuretic furosemide reduces the lung edema and the pattern and severity of the pathological changes associated with inhalation of PFIB (mean Ct 945 mg.min/cu m) and delays the time to death following inhalation of an LCt65 equivalent of the gas. Combined administration of the loop diuretic torasemide and water deprivation reduces PFIB induced edema and mortality during the treatment period (24 hr). Controlling the intake of fluids after treatment prevents the rapid increase in edema and mortality which occurs when water is returned ad libitum. Torasemide and water deprivation followed by controlled fluid intake delays but does not reduce the overall mortality due to an LCt70 of PFIB.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on acute lung injury induced by perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) inhalation in mice. METHODS: Sixty-four male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control (A) group, exposed (B) group, recombinant adenoviruses 5 of IGF-1 (Ad5-IGF-1) intervention (C) group (in which Ad5-IGF-1 was injected into the trachea of the mice), blank vector control (D) group. B, C and D groups were exposed to gaseous PFIB in a flow-past whole-body exposure system. The lung index, concentration of total protein and albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), concentration of IGF-1 in serum and lung homogenate were measured. The lung pathologic changes were examined with light microscope, and ultrastructure changes in alveolar type II cells (ATII) with electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with A group, the lung index, concentration of total protein in BALF were significantly increased in other groups, the lung index and concentration of total protein and albumin of BALF in B and D groups were prominently higher than C group (all P<0.01). The concentration of IGF-1 in serum of B and D groups was lower markedly than that of A group, and the concentration of IGF-1 in serum of C group was distinctly higher than those of A, B, D groups (all P<0.01). The concentration of IGF-1 in lung homogenate of B, C, D groups was higher than that of A group, and the concentration of IGF-1 in lung homogenate of C group was significantly higher than that of B and D groups (all P<0.01). Lung hyaline membrane formation, diffuse alveolar atelectasis, accumulation of edema fluid, red blood cell exudation, were obviously milder in C group, and changes in the ultrastructure of ATII showed a similar result. CONCLUSION: The protective effect of Ad5-IGF-1 against the toxicity of PFIB inhalation is identified. In the mice pretreated with Ad5-IGF-1 is able to significantly lower lung index, the protein concentration in BALF, and the concentration of IGF-1 in serum and lung homogenate is obviously increased. Protection of ATII may be one of the mechanisms.

Airborne exposure to lung-toxic agents may damage the lung surfactant system and epithelial and endothelial cells, resulting in a life-threatening pulmonary edema that is known to be refractory to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate in rats (1) the respiratory injury caused by nose-only exposure to perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), and (2) the therapeutic efficacy of a treatment at 4 and/or 8 hr after exposure consisting of the natural surfactant Curosurf and/or the anti-inflammatory drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC). For that purpose, the following parameters were examined: respiratory frequency (RF), lung compliance (Cdyn), airway resistance (Raw), lung wet weight (LWW), airway histopathology; and in brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, total protein, total phospholipid, cell count and differentiation, and changes in the surface tension of the BAL fluid. The mean (+/- SEM) surface tension of BAL fluid derived from PFIB-exposed (C . t = 1100-1200 mg/min cu m, approximately 1LCt50; t = 20 min) animals at 24 hr following exposure (11 +/- 3 mN/m) was higher than that of unexposed rats (0.8 +/- 0.4 mN/m), reflecting damage to the surfactant system and justifying treatment with exogenous surfactant. Curosurf treatment (62.5 mg/kg i.t.) decreased pulmonary edema caused by PFIB, reflected by a decreased LWW, and decreased the amount of protein in BAL fluid. NAC treatment (1000 mmol/kg ip) inhibited the interstitial pneumonia reflected by a decreased percentage of neutrophils in the alveolar space. It was concluded that a combined treatment of Curosurf + NAC improved respiration, that is, RF and Cdyn, whereby Curosurf predominantly decreased pulmonary edema and NAC predominantly reduced the inflammatory process. A combined treatment may therefore be considered a promising therapeutic approach in early-stage acute respiratory distress caused by PFIB...

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. The substance irritates the respiratory tract. Inhalation of this gas may cause lung edema. Exposure may result in death. The effects may be delayed.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ This substance is formed as a by-product in tetrafluoroethylene production and during thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE/Teflon(R)) at approximateley 425 °C. The symptoms of lung edema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation are therefore essential. ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Perfluoroisobutylene is extremely toxic /by/ inhalation /which/ is the most likely route of human exposure. Inhalation exposure may cause severe symptoms of pulmonary edema with wheezing, difficulty in breathing, coughing up sputum and bluish discoloration of the skin. Coughing and chest pain may occur initially. However, severe symptoms of pulmonary edema may be delayed for several hours and then become rapidly worse. Over-exposure may cause death.

/CASE REPORTS/ /Investigators/ monitored 5 patients (2 men and 3 women) accidentally exposed to PFIB at work. Two were chemical plant operators and the other three were chemical engineer technologists involved in laboratory work. All but one [female] patient reported that the contact with PFIB lasted less than one minute during which time 2 to 5 breaths were taken. Immediately after exposure, all patients developed cough, difficulty breathing, and deep chest pains. Approximately 6 to 8 hours after exposure, these symptoms increased in severity. No ocular or upper respiratory irritation was noted. All patients ran fevers that lasted between 2 and 25 days, and all developed pulmonary edema. The duration of the in-patient stay of the three patients was 27 13, 17, and 23 days. They were discharged as healthy, and follow-up checkups over 2 years revealed no complications in these patients. One [male] patient remained hospitalized for over 2 months due to exudative pleuritis. Another [female] patient died two days after exposure; postmortem examination confirmed toxic fluid pneumonia and lung edema, hemorrhage into the left adrenal and full bloodiness of internal organs. One of the exposed workers in /this/ study was 15-16 weeks pregnant at the time of exposure. The pregnancy ended in a normal, term delivery, the child was reportedly healthy.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The aim of this study was to investigate in rats (1) the respiratory injury caused by nose-only exposure to perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), and (2) the therapeutic efficacy of a treatment at 4 and/or 8 h after exposure consisting of the natural surfactant Curosurf and/or the anti-inflammatory drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC). ...The following parameters were examined: respiratory frequency (RF), lung compliance (Cdyn), airway resistance (Raw), lung wet weight (LWW), airway histopathology; and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, total protein, total phospholipid, cell count and differentiation, and changes in the surface tension of the BAL fluid. The mean (+/- SEM) surface tension of BAL fluid derived from PFIB-exposed (C . t = 1100-1200 mg/min/cu m, approximately 1LCt50; t = 20 min) animals at 24 hr following exposure (11 +/- 3 mN/m) was higher than that of unexposed rats (0.8 +/- 0.4 mN/m), reflecting damage to the surfactant system and justifying treatment with exogenous surfactant. Curosurf treatment (62.5 mg/kg it) decreased pulmonary edema caused by PFIB, reflected by a decreased LWW, and decreased the amount of protein in BAL fluid. NAC treatment (1000 mmol/kg ip) inhibited the interstitial pneumonia reflected by a decreased percentage of neutrophils in the alveolar space. It was concluded that a combined treatment of Curosurf + NAC improved respiration, that is, RF and Cdyn, whereby Curosurf predominantly decreased pulmonary edema and NAC predominantly reduced the inflammatory process. A combined treatment may therefore be considered a promising therapeutic approach in early-stage acute respiratory distress caused by PFIB, although the treatment regimes need further investigation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an acute study, rats were exposed at 0.25 ppm PFIB for 4 hours. During exposure, some animals showed hyperpnea, while three of six animals had dyspnea for 3 hours postexposure. Hyperemia, sneezing, dyspnea, and mild responsiveness were also documented in some animals.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats exposed by inhalation at either 0.24 or 0.49 ppm PFIB for 4 hours showed changes in conditioned reflexes, accompanied by an increase in the activity of glutamicoxaloacetic and glutamicpyruvic transaminases in the blood serum. Edema was seen in the lungs. Little or no changes were detected among rats exposed at 0.12 ppm for periods of 4 hours.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The histopathology of rat lung has been studied after an acute exposure to perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) at a concentration of 638 mg/cu m (78 ppm.) for 1.5 min giving a Ct = 957 mg min/cu m for the first 24 hr following exposure. Within 5 min of exposure changes to the bronchioles and peribronchial alveoli were observed which took the form of alterations to cilial structure, increased pinocytosis and electron lucency, with occasional vesicle formation of type I alveolar epithelial cells. Intercellular leakage with minimal fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces was also seen. The very rapid action of PFIB strongly suggests a direct action by the compound. There then followed the gradual development of pulmonary edema which was visible histologically 2-3 hr post exposure with deaths occurring from 7 hr onwards. Animals sacrificed at 24 hr post exposure showed evidence of widespread pulmonary edema and alveolar interstitial infiltration by lympho-mononuclear cells and macrophages.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Perfluoroisobutylene's production and use as a synthetic intermediate for the production of polymeric materials and use in the etching process for seimiconductors may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its generation during the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene may result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates perfluoroisobutylene will exist solely in the gas phase in the atmosphere. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.7 days. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone and nitrate radicals; the half-lives for these reactions in air is estimated to be 41 and 10.7 days, respectively. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is susceptible to hydrolysis in air. If released to soil, perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,700. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole. However, volatilization from moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water. Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, perfluoroisobutylene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon its Koc. Volatilization of perfluoroisobutylene from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon its Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.1 hours and 5.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 43 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to rapidly decompose in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. However, hydrolysis may attenuate the environmental importance of volatilization and bioconcentration. Occupational exposure to perfluoroisobutylene may occur through inhalation contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoroisobutylene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to perfluoroisobutylene via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of high temperature thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon), such as a vehicle fire. (SRC)

Perfluoroisobutylene's production and use as a synthetic intermediate for the production of polymeric materials(1) and use in the etching process for seimiconductors(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Perfluoroisobutylene is generated during the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene(4,5). Perfluoroisobutylene smoke is given off when Teflon burns at temperatures above 400 °C, such as in a vehicle fire(5). Perfluoroisobutylene is also produced by the thermal decomposition of the fluorinated primary fluid in the condensation reflow soldering process(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of perfluoroisobutylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, volatilization from moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation data for perfluoroisobutylene were not available(SRC, 2015).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,740 (SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to adsorb slightly to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.1 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(4). Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to decompose rapidly in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 46(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.03(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, due to hydrolysis, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Biodegradation data for perfluoroisobutylene were not available(SRC, 2015).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perfluoroisobutylene, which has a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the gas phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Based on analogy to a measured nitrate radical rate constant of 3.0X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C for perfluoropropylene(4), the atmospheric half-life of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate is estimated to be about 10.7 days(SRC). Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is susceptible to hydrolysis in air(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of perfluoroisobutylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of perfluoroisobutylene with ozone has been estimated as 2.8X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 41 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). Based on analogy to a measured nitrate radical rate constant of 3.0X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C for perfluoropropylene(2), the atmospheric half-life of perfluoroisobutylene is estimated to be about 10.7 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to decompose rapidly in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride(4); specific hydrolysis rate not reported(SRC). The gas-phase hydrolysis of perfluoroisobutylene yields hexafluoroisobutyric acid(5).

An estimated BCF of 46 was calculated in fish for perfluoroisobutylene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.03(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water via hydrolysis(3); therefore, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of perfluoroisobutylene can be estimated to be 1,700(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for perfluoroisobutylene is estimated as 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.1 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.6 days(SRC). The Henry's Law constant of perfluoroisobutylene indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

Thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) can lead to the production of small amounts of perfluoroisobutylene(1).

Occupational exposure to perfluoroisobutylene may occur through inhalation contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoroisobutylene is produced or used(1-3). The general population may be exposed to perfluoroisobutylene via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of high temperature thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon)(5), such as a vehicle fire(6).

Perfluoroisobutylene's production and use as a synthetic intermediate for the production of polymeric materials and use in the etching process for seimiconductors may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its generation during the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene may result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates perfluoroisobutylene will exist solely in the gas phase in the atmosphere. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.7 days. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone and nitrate radicals; the half-lives for these reactions in air is estimated to be 41 and 10.7 days, respectively. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is susceptible to hydrolysis in air. If released to soil, perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,700. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole. However, volatilization from moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water. Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, perfluoroisobutylene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon its Koc. Volatilization of perfluoroisobutylene from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon its Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.1 hours and 5.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 43 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to rapidly decompose in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. However, hydrolysis may attenuate the environmental importance of volatilization and bioconcentration. Occupational exposure to perfluoroisobutylene may occur through inhalation contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoroisobutylene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to perfluoroisobutylene via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of high temperature thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon), such as a vehicle fire. (SRC)

Perfluoroisobutylene's production and use as a synthetic intermediate for the production of polymeric materials(1) and use in the etching process for seimiconductors(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Perfluoroisobutylene is generated during the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene(4,5). Perfluoroisobutylene smoke is given off when Teflon burns at temperatures above 400 °C, such as in a vehicle fire(5). Perfluoroisobutylene is also produced by the thermal decomposition of the fluorinated primary fluid in the condensation reflow soldering process(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of perfluoroisobutylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, volatilization from moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation data for perfluoroisobutylene were not available(SRC, 2015).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,740 (SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to adsorb slightly to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.1 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(4). Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to decompose rapidly in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 46(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.03(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, due to hydrolysis, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Biodegradation data for perfluoroisobutylene were not available(SRC, 2015).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perfluoroisobutylene, which has a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the gas phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Based on analogy to a measured nitrate radical rate constant of 3.0X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C for perfluoropropylene(4), the atmospheric half-life of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate is estimated to be about 10.7 days(SRC). Gas-phase perfluoroisobutylene is susceptible to hydrolysis in air(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of perfluoroisobutylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of perfluoroisobutylene with ozone has been estimated as 2.8X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 41 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). Based on analogy to a measured nitrate radical rate constant of 3.0X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C for perfluoropropylene(2), the atmospheric half-life of perfluoroisobutylene is estimated to be about 10.7 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is reported to decompose rapidly in water via hydrolysis to yield fluorophosgene, which in turn decomposes to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride(4); specific hydrolysis rate not reported(SRC). The gas-phase hydrolysis of perfluoroisobutylene yields hexafluoroisobutyric acid(5).

An estimated BCF of 46 was calculated in fish for perfluoroisobutylene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.03(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water via hydrolysis(3); therefore, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of perfluoroisobutylene can be estimated to be 1,700(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for perfluoroisobutylene is estimated as 34 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.1 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.6 days(SRC). The Henry's Law constant of perfluoroisobutylene indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis(SRC) because perfluoroisobutylene decomposes rapidly in water(3). Perfluoroisobutylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1740 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

Thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) can lead to the production of small amounts of perfluoroisobutylene(1).

Occupational exposure to perfluoroisobutylene may occur through inhalation contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoroisobutylene is produced or used(1-3). The general population may be exposed to perfluoroisobutylene via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of high temperature thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon)(5), such as a vehicle fire(6).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.