azocyclotin

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (100%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 40 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

0.1 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Sn[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn

25.0 [mg/m3], as Sn

0.2 [mg/m3], as Sn

Colorless solid; [HSDB]

Colorless crystals

210 °C (decomposes)

In isopropanol 10-20, dichloromethane 20-50, n-hexane 0.1-1, toluene 2-5 (all in g/l at 20 °C).

In water, 0.12 mg/l @ 20 °C.

4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C

log Kow = 5.30

Decomposition half-time (22 °C) 96 hr at pH 4; 81 hr at pH 7; 8 hr at pH 9.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx /nitrogen oxides/.

pKa=5.36

Metals -> Tin Compounds, Organic

Potential endocrine disrupting compound

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Acaricides

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308)

Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal (L308)

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LC50 (rat) = 17 mg/m3/4h

LD50: 99 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 1000 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)

LC50: 0.02 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T58)

LD50 Rat male oral 209 mg/kg

LD50 Rat female oral 363 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 261 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 870-980 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for AZOCYCLOTIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No observable effect levels (2 yr) for rats 5 mg/kg diet; for mice 15 mg/kg diet; for dogs 10 mg/kg diet.

Strong dermal irritant; strong & corrosive eye irritant (rabbits).

Azocyclotin's former production and use as an acaricide may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates azocyclotin will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, azocyclotin is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 18,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. If released into water, azocyclotin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36 indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. An estimated BCF of 2,400 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. However, azocyclotin was rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a fresh water microcosm. Occupational exposure to azocyclotin may have occurred through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where azocyclotin was produced or used. The general population may have been exposed through inhalation and dermal contact during its former use as an acaricide. (SRC)

Azocyclotin's former(2) production and use as an acaricide(1) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.3(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that azocyclotin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of azocyclotin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(2). Azocyclotin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.3(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that azocyclotin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(2). The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36(2), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2,400(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low very high(SRC). Using a fresh water microcosm, azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a matter of days(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), azocyclotin, which has a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

In a fresh water microcosm study, 14C-azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin, which in turn was mineralized to 14CO2(1).

Azocyclotin, which has a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Using a fresh water microcosm, 14C-azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a matter of days, which is then mineralized to 14CO2 and polar metabolites(2).

An estimated BCF of 2,400 was calculated for azocyclotin(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Koc of azocyclotin is estimated as 18,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.3(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that azocyclotin is expected to be immobile in soil. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36(1), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for azocyclotin is estimated as 2.15X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that azocyclotin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Azocyclotin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to azocyclotin may have occurred through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where azocyclotin was produced or used. The general population may have been exposed through inhalation and dermal contact during its former use as an acaricide. (SRC)

Azocyclotin's former production and use as an acaricide may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates azocyclotin will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, azocyclotin is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 18,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. If released into water, azocyclotin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36 indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. An estimated BCF of 2,400 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. However, azocyclotin was rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a fresh water microcosm. Occupational exposure to azocyclotin may have occurred through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where azocyclotin was produced or used. The general population may have been exposed through inhalation and dermal contact during its former use as an acaricide. (SRC)

Azocyclotin's former(2) production and use as an acaricide(1) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.3(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that azocyclotin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of azocyclotin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(2). Azocyclotin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.3(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that azocyclotin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(2). The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36(2), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2,400(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low very high(SRC). Using a fresh water microcosm, azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a matter of days(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), azocyclotin, which has a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

In a fresh water microcosm study, 14C-azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin, which in turn was mineralized to 14CO2(1).

Azocyclotin, which has a vapor pressure of 4.5X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase azocyclotin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Using a fresh water microcosm, 14C-azocyclotin was observed to be rapidly hydrolyzed to cyhexatin (tricyclohexyltinhydroxide) in a matter of days, which is then mineralized to 14CO2 and polar metabolites(2).

An estimated BCF of 2,400 was calculated for azocyclotin(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Koc of azocyclotin is estimated as 18,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.3(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that azocyclotin is expected to be immobile in soil. The pKa of azocyclotin is 5.36(1), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for azocyclotin is estimated as 2.15X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-13 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.2X10-1 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that azocyclotin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Azocyclotin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to azocyclotin may have occurred through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where azocyclotin was produced or used. The general population may have been exposed through inhalation and dermal contact during its former use as an acaricide. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

UN 3146; Organotin cmpd, solid, not otherwise specified

UN 2788; Organotin cmpd, liquid, not otherwise specified

IMO 6.1; Organotin cmpd, liquid or solid, not otherwise specified