Crotonaldehyde

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (91.8%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (99.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (99.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (> 99.9%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373 (> 99.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1784 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300 (10.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (11.2%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (99.6%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (94.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373 (99.6%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (96.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 223 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P318, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Crotonaldehyde Exposure: Acute exposure to crotonaldehyde may produce tearing and extreme irritation to skin, eyes and, upper respiratory tract. Corneal damage may occur. Respiratory signs may include delayed pulmonary edema.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to crotonaldehyde may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to crotonaldehyde.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to crotonaldehyde.

3.Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of crotonaldehyde is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Crotonaldehyde, (E)- is an extreme eye, respiratory, and skin irritant and can cause corneal damage. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Crotonaldehyde, (E)- Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to crotonaldehyde, (E)- may include irritation of the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, nose, throat and upper respiratory tract. Delayed onset of pulmonary edema is possible following inhalation. Corneal damage may occur as may allergic contact dermatitis. Seizures may also be observed.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to crotonaldehyde, (E)- may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contami-nation. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to crotonaldehyde, (E)-.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to crotonaldehyde, (E)-.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

3. DO NOT induce vomiting.

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Isolate for one-half mile radius if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray and foam. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

All exposed skin surfaces should be covered. Wear protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around arms, wrists, legs, and waist. Massive or advanced fires should be fought from a safe distance or protected location. Isolate area for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck involved in fire.

Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective but should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool. If leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse vapors. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Combustion may produce irritants & toxic gases. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. May form explosive peroxides.

Severe health hazard. Flammable and corrosive liquid. May polymerize explosivly. Forms explosive peroxides.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1143 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from /other/ combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. Liq crotonaldehyde should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

Crotonaldehyde may be neutralized in chemical process waste water by adjusting the water to a pH of 8 with alkali hydroxide, such as NaOH, & heating for 15-30 min at 80-100 °C.

Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from/other/ combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. Liq crotonaldehyde should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion. /Crotonaldehyde/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U053, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources and ventilate area of spill. No flares, smoking, or flames in hazard area. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. (EPA, 1998)

Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Isolate from alkalies and oxidizing materials.

Store in cool place with containers tightly sealed & away from sources of ignition or heat.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2-8 °C Store under inert gas. Air sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

3.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.19 [ppm]

4.4 [ppm]

14 [ppm]

2 ppm (6 mg/m³)

TWA 2 ppm (6 mg/m3) See Appendix C (Aldehydes)

2.0 [ppm]

TWA 2 ppm (6 mg/m3)

50 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Exposure to 4.1 ppm for 15 minutes was highly irritating to the nose and upper respiratory tract and produced lacrimation in 30 seconds [Sim and Pattle 1957]. In another study, exposures to 45 ppm proved very disagreeable after a few seconds, with conjunctival irritation evident [Rinehart 1967].

See: 123739

0.3 [ppm]

Ceiling Limit: 0.3 ppm, skin.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Ceiling Limit: 0.3 ppm, skin. /Crotonaldehyde/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Crotonaldehyde/

0.86 mg/m

0.3 ppm [1995]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 3; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Crotonaldehyde, stabilized appears as a clear colorless to straw colored liquid with a penetrating pungent odor. Flash point 55 °F. Density 7.1 lb / gal. Very toxic by inhalation. May polymerize with the release of heat under exposure to heat or contamination. If polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

(e)-crotonaldehyde is a water-white to straw-colored liquid with a pungent, suffocating odor. Used as a chemical intermediate in a variety of industrial processes (surfactants, textiles, paper, fuels, insecticides, leather tanning, etc.). Used in chemical warfare. (EPA, 1998)

Water-white liquid with a suffocating odor; Note: Turns pale-yellow on contact with air; [NIOSH]

Water-white liquid with a pungent suffocating odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. TURNS PALE YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AND AIR.

Colorless to straw-colored liquid with a suffocating odor.

Water-white liquid with a suffocating odor. [Note: Turns pale-yellow on contact with air.]

Water-white, mobile liquid

Water-white to straw-colored liquid

Water-white liquid. [Note: Turns pale-yellow on contact with air.]

Pungent, suffocating odor

219 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

219.2 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

102.2 °C

104.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

102.2 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-105 °F (EPA, 1998)

-101 °F (EPA, 1998)

-76.6 °C

-76.5 °C (trans), -69 °C (cis)

55 °F (EPA, 1998)

55.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

The Guide from the Emergency Response Guidebook is for "crotonaldehyde, inhibited." 13 °C

13 °C (55 °F) Closed cup

9 °C (48 °F) - closed cup

13 °C c.c.

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 65.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

Heat capacity: 0.7 ca/g ... Dimerizes under strong acid conditions, slowly oxidizes to crotonic acid. Solubility of water in crotonaldehyde (g/100g) at 20 °C: 9.5; at 5 °C: 19.2

In water (g/100 g): 18.1 at 20 °C; 19.2 at 5 °C

In water, 1.81X10+5 mg/L at 20 °C

Soluble in chloroform; very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone; miscible in benzene

Miscible with all proportions with alcohol, ether, toluene, kerosesne, gasolene, solvent naphtha

In water, 1.5X10+5 mg/L at 20 °C

In water, 1.56X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in water

In water, 181,000 ppm at 20 °C

Soluble in chloroform; very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone; miscible with benzene

150 mg/mL at 2 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 15-18 (freely soluble)

0.853 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Highly flammable.

Aldehydes

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

CROTONALDEHYDE can react violently with strong oxidizing reagents, e.g., reaction with conc. nitric acid leads to instantaneous ignition [Andrussow, L., Chim. Ind. (Paris), 1961, 86, p. 542]. In contact with strong acids or bases it will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. Reaction with 1,3-butadiene is particularly violent [Greenlee, K. W., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, p. 1985]. Crotonaldehyde may rapidly polymerize with ethyl acetoacetate (Soriano, D.S. et al. 1988. Journal of Chemical Education 65:637.).

(E)-CROTONALDEHYDE is an aldehyde. It can react violently with strong oxidizing reagents, e.g., reaction with conc. nitric acid leads to instantaneous ignition [Andrussow, L., Chim. Ind. (Paris), 1961, 86, p. 542]. In contact with strong acids or bases it will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. Reaction with 1,3-butadiene is particularly violent [Greenlee, K. W., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, p. 1985]. Crotonaldehyde may rapidly polymerize with ethyl acetoacetate (Soriano, D.S. et al. 1988. Journal of Chemical Education 65:637.).

The Diels-Adler reaction between ... /butadiene and crotonaldehyde/ under pressure is a logical approach to the prepn of a number of cyclic aldehydes, alcohols, & hydrocarbons. A destructive explosion, including a secondary gas explosion, occurred in carrying out this reaction.

Crotonaldehyde is hypergolic with concn nitric acid, ignition delay being 1 millisecond.

Caustics, ammonia, strong oxidizers, nitric acid, amines [Note: Polymerization may occur at elevated temperatures, such as in fire conditions.]

Incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids including non-oxidizing mineral acids. ammonia, organic amines, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, 1,3-butadiene, strong bases. Liquid attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Crotonaldehyde (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents.

Incompatible with 1,3-butadiene and oxidizing materials.

2-Butenal

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

Bretherick's

Mixture with butadiene exploded in an autoclave. See CAMEO and Bretherick's.

Greenlee, K. W., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, 1985

Hanson, E. S., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, 2551

Watson, K. M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1943, 35, 398

Soriano, D. S. et al., J. Chem. Educ., 1988, 65, 637

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Crotonaldehyde is a water-white, mobile liquid. Crotonaldehyde was formerly used in the manufacture of n-butanol, but currently, the most extensive use of crotonaldehyde is in the manufacture of sorbic acid. Crotonaldehyde has also been used as a warning agent in fuel gases, in the preparation of rubber accelerators, in leather tanning, as an alcohol denaturant, and as a stabilizer for tetraethyl-lead. HUMAN STUDIES: A 15-minute exposure to crotonaldehyde at 4.1 ppm was highly irritating to the nose and upper respiratory tract and produced lacrimation in human volunteers in 30 seconds. Crotonaldehyde is highly toxic by the dermal route. Direct contact with liquid crotonaldehyde causes rapid and severe eye and skin irritation or burns. Exposure to vapor produces inflammation of mucous membranes. Clinical cases of sensitization have occurred. Crotonaldehyde vapors may produce pulmonary edema at high concentrations. Crotonaldehyde, a mutagen and carcinogen, reacts with deoxyguanosine (dGuo) in DNA to generate a pair of diastereomeric adducts (Cro-dGuo). Cro-dGuo adducts inhibit DNA synthesis and induce miscoding in human cells. DNA from human liver, lung, and blood was analyzed. The Cro-dGuo adducts were detected more frequently in human lung DNA than in liver DNA but were not detected in DNA from blood. Immunological studies revealed enhanced binding of cancer autoantibodies with crotonaldehyde modified DNA, compared to the native form. Furthermore, lymphocyte DNA isolated from cancer patients demonstrated considerable recognition of anti-Cro-DNA IgG as compared to the DNA from healthy individuals. ANIMAL STUDIES: Crotonaldehyde liquid causes severe injury to rabbit eyes similar to that caused by acetic anhydride. Pulmonary edema was observed in the rats after a fatal exposure at 1500 ppm. Crotonaldehyde induced neoplastic lesions in the liver, hepatocellular carcinomas, neoplastic nodules, and liver damage when administered orally to rats over long periods of time. Crotonaldehyde was tested for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Crotonaldehyde was negative for lethal mutations after feeding of 4000 ppm to males but positive for lethal mutations and translocations after injection of 3500 ppm. Oral or ip administration of crotonaldehyde damaged the spermatogenic cells of the mouse seminiferous tubules. Besides gross degeneration, polyploidy was observed at all stages of spermatogenesis. Abnormal pairing of sex chromosomes occurred at diakinesis or metaphase I. Genotoxicity of crotonaldehyde was evaluated by employing bone marrow and spermatocyte chromosomal aberration and dominant lethal mutation assays in mice. It was genotoxic in these tests. Crotonaldehyde has been proven mutagenic without metabolic activation. It can modify DNA by forming cyclic 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts and can also induce micronuclei production and sister chromatid exchange.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: (E)-Crotonaldehyde is a liquid. It is used in the manufacture of butyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, methoxybutyraldehyde, sorbic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, crotyl alcohol. In polymer chemistry, it is used in the manufacture of resins and polyvinyl acetals, as a solvent for polyvinyl chloride, as a rubber antioxidant, and it increases rubber strength with ketones. It is also used in preparation of insecticides and fertilizers, and in production of flavors. HUMAN STUDIES: (E)-Crotonaldehyde is a lacrymating material that is very dangerous to the eyes. It is a human skin and respiratory system irritant. Individuals with chronic respiratory disease, impaired pulmonary function, obstructive airway diseases, or skin disease may be at an increased risk from exposure to crotonaldehyde. ANIMAL STUDIES: Reported LD50 ranged from 140 mg/kg in rabbit to 1331 mg/kg in guinea pig, and LC50 for inhalation in rat was 4000 mg/cu m per 30 min exposure.

Crotonaldehyde

trans-Crotonaldehyde

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

RfD is from PPRTV

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of crotonaldehyde. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of crotonaldehyde. Overall evaluation: Crotonaldehyde is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human data and an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatic neoplastic nodules (combined) in male F344 rats. The possible carcinogenicity of crotonaldehyde is supported by genotoxic activity and the expected reactivity of croton oil and aldehyde. Crotonaldehyde is also a suspected metabolite of N-nitrosopyrrolidine, a probable human carcinogen. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited. /Crotonaldehyde/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Crotonaldehyde/

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 63: (1995) Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals

Volume 128: (2021) Acrolein, Crotonaldehyde, and Arecoline

2021 online

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Cough. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Burns. Watering of the eyes.

Burning sensation. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

irritation eyes, respiratory system; In Animals: dyspnea (breathing difficulty), pulmonary edema, irritation skin

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

1 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

1 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for trans-Crotonaldehyde

PPRTV Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 200 mg/m3/2H

LC50 (rat) = 4,000 mg/m3/30min

LC50 Rat inhalation 200 mg/cu m/ 2 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 580 mg/cu m/ 2 hr

LD50 Rat oral 206 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: static bioassay in fresh water at 23 °C with mild aeration applied after 24 hr; Concentration: 3.5 ppm for 96 hr (85% aqueous)

LC50; Species: Menidia beryllina (Inland silverside); Conditions: static bioassay in synthetic seawater at 23 °C with mild aeration applied after 24 hr; Concentration: 1.3 ppm for 96 hr

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) exponential growth phase, 1000 cells/mL; Conditions: bacteria based medium, Escherichia coli (6 g/L), /static/, 28 °C, pH 7.35; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 46 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) exponential growth phase, 1000 cells/mL; Conditions: axenic (preferably proteose peptone-) medium, /static/, 28 °C, pH 7.35; Concentration: 1500000 ug/L for 46 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Crotonaldehyde (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.70e-01

1.70e+00

4.00e-02

1.30e+03

1.90e+00

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.66e+04

3.70e+01

1.70e+02

4.00e+00

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Crotonaldehyde's production and use as a chemical intermediate and in organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Crotonaldehyde is emitted to the atmosphere from the combustion of wood, in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines, from tobacco smoke, polymer combustion, turbine exhaust, e-cigarette vapors and volcano gases. Crotonaldehyde has been identified as a volatile emission from the arboreous plant Chinese arbor vitae, and in the plant of potato. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 30 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates crotonaldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase crotonaldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 11, 6.3-12 and 2.5 days, respectively. Crotonaldehyde absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Crotonaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 73% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. Based on other limited data, crotonaldehyde may biodegrade in both soil and water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. If released into water, crotonaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.1 and 18 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to crotonaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where crotonaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to crotonaldehyde via inhalation of ambient air, automotive exhaust, wood and cigarette smoke, e-cigarette vapors and ingestion of some food. (SRC)

(E)-Crotonaldehyde's production and use in the manufacture of sorbic acid and vitamin E, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. (E)-Crotonaldehyde is emitted to the atmosphere from the combustion of wood, in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines, from tobacco smoke, polymer combustion, turbine exhaust, volcanoes and e-cigarette vapors. It has been identified in some plants. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 38 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates (E)-crotonaldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase (E)-crotonaldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 11 hours and 15.5 days, respectively. (E)-Crotonaldehyde contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, (E)-crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.94X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. (E)-Crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 73% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, (E)-crotonaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation studies suggest that (E)-crotonaldehyde may be biodegradable in water, especially in anaerobic conditions. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 40 hours and 15 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to (E)-crotonaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where crotonaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to (E)-crotonaldehyde via inhalation of ambient air, automotive exhaust, wood and cigarette smoke, e-cigarette vapors and ingestion of some foods. (SRC)

Crotonaldehyde has been identified as a volatile emission product from the arboreous plant Chinese arbor vitae(1), and in the plant of potato (Solanum tuberosum)(2). It has been detected in gases emitted from volcanoes(3).

(E)-Crotonaldehyde was identified in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)(1). Crotonaldehyde (steric form not reported) has been identified as a volatile emission product from the arboreous plant Chinese arbor vitae(2), and in the plant of potato (Solanum tuberosum)(3). It has also been detected in gases emitted from volcanoes(4).

Crotonaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate for n-butyl alcohol and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, as a solvent, in the preparation of rubber accelerator, purification of lubricating oils, in insecticides, tear gas, fuel-gas warning agent, organic synthesis, leather tanning and as an alcohol denaturant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Crotonaldehyde is emitted to the atmosphere from the combustion of wood(2), in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines(3), from tobacco smoke, polymer combustion, turbine exhaust(4), and e-cigarette vapors(5).

(E)-Crotonaldehyde's production and use in the manufacture of sorbic acid and vitamin E, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, biocompatible or medical articles, agrochemicals, resins, polymeric thickeners, paints and coatings, dyestuffs, rubbers and rubber antioxidants, gelatin hardening, adhesives, leather tanning, leather and paper sizing, metal brighteners, lubricants and corrosion inhibitors(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). (E)-Crotonaldehyde is emitted to the atmosphere from the combustion of wood(2), in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines(3), from tobacco smoke, polymer combustion, turbine exhaust(4), and e-cigarette vapors(5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of crotonaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 30 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.81X10+5 mg/L(4). Crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). A 73% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that crotonaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 30 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.81X10+5 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.1 and 18 days, respectively(SRC). Crotonaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.60(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The half-lives for olefinic structures (similar to crotonaldehyde) in sunlit natural waters are about 13 and 8 days with respect to reaction via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen(7). Crotonaldehyde was observed to have a 5-day BODT of 37% using the AFNOR T.90 test protocol(8). Crotonaldehyde has been found to be degradable via anaerobic (methane fermentation) biotechnology(9,10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), crotonaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 30 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase crotonaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from an experimental rate constant for trans-crotonaldehyde of 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(3) and an estimated rate constant for cis-crotonaldehyde of 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(4). The atmospheric reaction half-life of crotonaldehyde with ozone is estimated to be 6.3 and 12 days for the trans- and cis-isomers, respectively, based on estimated reaction rates of 1.8X10-18 and 9.1X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(4), and an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(5). Crotonaldehyde absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that (E)-crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of (E)-crotonaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.94X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). (E)-Crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 38 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 73% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Other biodegradation studies suggest that (E)-crotonaldehyde may be biodegradable in soil(6), especially in anaerobic conditions(7,8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that (E)-crotonaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.94X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 40 hours and 15 days, respectively(SRC). (E)-Crotonaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.60(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation studies suggest that (E)-crotonaldehyde may be biodegradable in water(6), especially in anaerobic conditions(7,8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), (E)-crotonaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 38 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase (E)-crotonaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are 11 hours and 15.5 days(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 3.6X10-11(3) and 7.4X10-19(4) cu cm/molecule-sec. (E)-Crotonaldehyde contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Crotonaldehyde was observed to have a 5-day BODT of 37% using the AFNOR T.90 test protocol(1). Crotonaldehyde, present at 100 mg/L, reached 73% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).

ANAEROBIC: Crotonaldehyde has been found to be degradable via anaerobic (methane fermentation) biotechnology(1,2).

AEROBIC: (E)-Crotonaldehyde, present at 100 mg/L, reached 73% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Crotonaldehyde (isomer not reported) was observed to have a 5-day BODT of 37% using the AFNOR T.90 test protocol(2). (E)-Crotonaldehyde has been found to be degradable via anaerobic (methane fermentation) biotechnology(3-4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-crotonaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is reported as 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cis-crotonaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). These correspond to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of trans- and cis-crotonaldehyde with ozone have been estimated as 1.8X10-18 and 9.1X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C, respectively(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(2). These correspond to respective atmospheric half-lives of about 6.3 and 13 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). Crotonaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Crotonaldehyde absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The half-lives for olefinic structures (similar to crotonaldehyde) in sunlit natural waters are about 13 and 8 days with respect to reaction via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of (E)-crotonaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of (E)-crotonaldehyde with ozone has been reported as 7.4X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at room temperature(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). (E)-Crotonaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). (E)-Crotonaldehyde contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The half-lives for olefinic structures (similar to (E)-crotonaldehyde) in sunlit natural waters are about 13 and 8 days with respect to reaction via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen(4).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for crotonaldehyde(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.60(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for (E)-crotonaldehyde(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.60(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of crotonaldehyde can be estimated to be 2(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of (E)-crotonaldehyde can be estimated to be 2(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that (E)-crotonaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for crotonaldehyde is estimated as 1.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 30 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.81X10+5 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 50 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 18 days(SRC). Crotonaldehyde's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

The Henry's Law constant for (E)-crotonaldehyde is reported as 1.94X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that (E)-crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 40 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 15 days(SRC). (E)-Crotonaldehyde's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). (E)-Crotonaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 38 mm Hg(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U053, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Crotonaldehyde, stabilized; Crotonaldehyde/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Crotonaldehyde, stabilized; Crotonaldehyde ID: 1143 [Table#944]

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Crotonaldehyde (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Crotonaldehyde, stabilized; Crotonaldehyde ID: 1143 [Table#4240]

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for (E)-Crotonaldehyde (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1143 131P

1143 131P(inhibited)

UN 1143; Crotonaldehyde or Crotonaldehyde, stabilized

IMO 6.1; Crotonaldehyde or Crotonaldehyde, stabilized

49 091 37; Crotonaldehyde

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Crotonaldehyde and crotonaldehyde, stabilized are included on the dangerous goods list. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Crotonaldehyde and crotonaldehyde, stabilized are included on the dangerous goods list. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Crotonaldehyde and crotonaldehyde, stabilized areincluded on the dangerous goods list. /Crotonaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde, stabilized/

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I