Bromophos-ethyl

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (97.6%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

ANY MATERIAL SPILLED ON SKIN SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED WITH SOAP & WATER. WHEN SPRAYING & DUSTING...CONTAMINATED CLOTHING SHOULD BE CHANGED FREQUENTLY. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

CONTAINERS ... SHOULD BE CLEANED WITH A SUSPENSION OF BLEACHING POWDER IN WATER OR WITH OTHER ALKALINE SOLN AFTER SOAKING FOR 24 HR AND THEN BE RINSED WITH HOT WATER. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE STRICT OBSERVANCE OF HYGIENE RULES- NO SMOKING AND NO FOOD INTAKE DURING WORK, THOROUGH WASHING WITH SOAP AFTER WORK, CHANGING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BEFORE GOING HOME- IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SHOULD BE KEPT IN SEPARATE PLACES WHERE IT CANNOT BE CONTAMINATED WITH TOXIC CHEMICALS. IT SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN TO KEEP THIS CLOTHING IN LIVING QUARTERS. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MUST BE WASHED AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK AND EACH TIME IT IS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES. BEFORE WASHING THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE SOAKED FOR SEVERAL HOURS IN A CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION. /PESTICIDES/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

USE OF RUBBER GLOVES, GOGGLES, RESPIRATOR &...PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES ... MUST BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. ... /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

Colorless to pale yellow liquid; [Merck Index]

Colorless to pale yellow liquid

122-133 °C at 0.001 mm Hg

Solubility (20 °C): 0.14 mg/l water; completely soluble in most common solvents.

Soluble in all organic solvents

In water, 0.44 mg/l @ 20 °C

1.52-1.55 at 20 °C

4.6X10-5 mm Hg @ 30 °C (6.1 mPa at 30 °C)

log Kow= 6.15

Stable in aqueous suspension up to pH 9. Slowly hydrolyzed in aqueous alkaline media above pH 9.

Non-corrosive

Index of refraction: 1.5600 at 20 °C/D

166.26 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

178.4 Ų [M+HCOO]-

166.45 Ų [M+H]+

Compatible with all pesticides except sulphur and organometallic compounds.

Potential endocrine disrupting compound

Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide (Bromophos ethyl) -> USDA PDB

Other Poison - Organophosphate

WHO RfD= 0.003 mg/kg

LCLo (rat) = 16.6 ppm/2h

LD50 Rat male oral 52-170 mg/kg

LD50 Mice oral 210-550 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 100-600 mg/kg

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

Airway protection. Insure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to as high as 300 mg/day may be required, or even continuous infusion. The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine (1 mg in adults, 0.01 mg/kg in children under 12 years) can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules of 7.5 mg of glycopyrolate were added to 200 ml of saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administer pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. /SRP: Protect from exposure those individuals with/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Toxic effects may include anorexia, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence, eye changes, weakness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, lacrimation, increased salivation & sweating, bradycardia, hypotension or hypertension due to asphyxia, cyanosis, & muscular twitching of the eyelids, tongue, face, & neck, possibly progressing to convulsions. Central nervous system symptoms include restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, ataxia, depression, confusion, & coma. Death may occur from depression of the respiratory or cardiovascular system. Neuropathy appears to be a rare problem with the organophosphorus insecticides now in use. /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hours of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The signs of poisoning due to organophosphorus cmpd are those due to accumulation of acetylcholine & hence overstimulation of parasympathetic nervous system. It is usual to divide them under 3 headings: muscarinic, nicotinic & central. Muscarinic signs ... consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating & nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea & frequency of urination ... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness & paralysis. Central nervous system effects include nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions & coma. Death is due to resp failure, or sometimes cardiac arrest. There is little difference between signs produced by different organophosphorus compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus cmpd/

In adult cattle the minimum toxic oral dose of organophosphate pesticides varies from 1 to 125 mg/kg; the minimum toxic dermal concentration varies from 0.5 to 3%, but these figures are not sacred. The literature is not complete with regard to animal toxicity of organophosphates; even if it were, toxicity values would not be reliable because of the number of factors that influence toxicity of these chemicals under different conditions of use. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Biologic factors also influence toxicity of organophosphates. Species is very important here. ... Age of the animal is another biologic factor that alters toxicity of organophosphate pesticides. Compounds that do not require enzymatic activation are more toxic in very young animals in which the enzymes of pesticide degradation are deficient. Compounds that require enzymatic activation are not so toxic for very young animals because the enzymes of activation are deficient during the early weeks of life. Sex of the animals can also alter toxicity of organophosphates ... . /Organophosphate pesticides/

Non-phytotoxic

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... /Individuals with the following medical conditions/: ... diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). ... /Organophosphorus pesticides/

LD50 Quail oral 200 mg/kg

LC50 Guppy 0.14-0.24 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rainbow trout > 0.4 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Bromophos-ethyl's production and former use as an insecticide, acaricide, larvicide, and miticide, and its use in controlling public health pests may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C indicates bromophos-ethyl will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos-ethyl will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hrs. Particulate-phase bromophos-ethyl will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, bromophos-ethyl is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 54,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole, but may be attenuated by adsorption. Bromophos-ethyl will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, bromophos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 73 hrs and 40 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep. An estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Occupational exposure to bromophos-ethyl may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromophos-ethyl is produced or used. The general public may have been exposed through its former use in controlling public health pests. (SRC)

Bromophos-ethyl's production and former use(1) as an insecticide, acaricide, larvicide(2), and miticide and in the use of controlling public health pests(3) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromophos-ethyl from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Bromophos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 73 hrs and 40 days, respectively(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. An estimated KOC of 54,000(SRC) from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromophos-ethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos-ethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase bromophos-ethyl may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromophos-ethyl with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1).

An estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4 was calculated for bromophos-ethyl(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

The Koc of bromophos-ethyl is estimated as 54,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bromophos-ethyl is estimated as 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 73 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 40 days(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep(4). Bromophos-ethyl's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Bromophos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C(3).

Bromophos-ethyl was qualitatively identified in raw agricultural commodities during FY83-86 according to the FDA's program for monitoring pesticides in foods(1).

Occupational exposure to bromophos-ethyl may have occurred through inhalation of vapors and via eye(1) and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromophos-ethyl was produced or used(SRC). The general population may have been exposed due to its former use(3) in controlling public health pests(2).

The average daily intake (AVDI) of bromophos-ethyl in 8 population groups in 1982-1984 was determined according to the FDA's monitoring program for chemical contaminants in the US food supply (Total Diet Study or Market Basket Study). In 6-11 month old infants, 2 yr old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, the AVDI was <0.1 ng/kg body weight per day(1).

The level of 4-(iso-propylamino)diphenylamine in the urine of rubber vulcanization workers were noted to be higher in the end-shift than in the before-shift sample, respective concentrations being 83.57 and 19.55 ug/l(1).

LD50 Quail oral 200 mg/kg

LC50 Guppy 0.14-0.24 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rainbow trout > 0.4 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Bromophos-ethyl's production and former use as an insecticide, acaricide, larvicide, and miticide, and its use in controlling public health pests may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C indicates bromophos-ethyl will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos-ethyl will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hrs. Particulate-phase bromophos-ethyl will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, bromophos-ethyl is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 54,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole, but may be attenuated by adsorption. Bromophos-ethyl will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, bromophos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 73 hrs and 40 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep. An estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Occupational exposure to bromophos-ethyl may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromophos-ethyl is produced or used. The general public may have been exposed through its former use in controlling public health pests. (SRC)

Bromophos-ethyl's production and former use(1) as an insecticide, acaricide, larvicide(2), and miticide and in the use of controlling public health pests(3) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromophos-ethyl from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Bromophos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 73 hrs and 40 days, respectively(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. An estimated KOC of 54,000(SRC) from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromophos-ethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos-ethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase bromophos-ethyl may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromophos-ethyl with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1).

An estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4 was calculated for bromophos-ethyl(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

The Koc of bromophos-ethyl is estimated as 54,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bromophos-ethyl is estimated as 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 73 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 40 days(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep(4). Bromophos-ethyl's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Bromophos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C(3).

Bromophos-ethyl was qualitatively identified in raw agricultural commodities during FY83-86 according to the FDA's program for monitoring pesticides in foods(1).

Occupational exposure to bromophos-ethyl may have occurred through inhalation of vapors and via eye(1) and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromophos-ethyl was produced or used(SRC). The general population may have been exposed due to its former use(3) in controlling public health pests(2).

The average daily intake (AVDI) of bromophos-ethyl in 8 population groups in 1982-1984 was determined according to the FDA's monitoring program for chemical contaminants in the US food supply (Total Diet Study or Market Basket Study). In 6-11 month old infants, 2 yr old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, the AVDI was <0.1 ng/kg body weight per day(1).

The level of 4-(iso-propylamino)diphenylamine in the urine of rubber vulcanization workers were noted to be higher in the end-shift than in the before-shift sample, respective concentrations being 83.57 and 19.55 ug/l(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

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