benzyl chloroformate

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (1 of 173) of reports.

H314 (99.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (61.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (61.8%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (98.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (98.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 173 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 173 reports by companies.

There are 12 notifications provided by 172 of 173 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P280, P370+P378, P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove from exposure; support respiration; call physician.

EYES: irrigate with copious amounts of water for 15 min.

SKIN: flush with large quantities of water; wash with soap and water.

INGESTION: give large amounts of water; do NOT induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

EXTINGUISH WITH DRY CHEMICALS, FOAM OR CARBON DIOXIDE.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended. Absence of an AEGL-1 value does not imply that exposure below the AEGL-2 value is without adverse effects.

AEGLs Status: Final

0.088 [ppm]

0.97 [ppm]

2.9 [ppm]

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly on spraying.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the aerosol may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Self-contained breathing apparatus or acid-type canister mask; goggles or face shield; rubber gloves; protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OR ACID-TYPE CANISTER MASK; GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD; RUBBER GLOVES; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.

NO open flames. NO contact with water.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Benzyl chloroformate appears as a colorless liquid with an acrid odor. Vapors irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations can result in adverse health effects.

Clear to yellow oily liquid with a pungent odor; [ICSC]

OILY COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

OILY LIQUID

COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW LIQUID

ACRID ODOR

ODOR OF PHOSGENE

SHARP, PENETRATING ODOR

306 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (USCG, 1999)

152 °C AT 760 MM HG

152 °C @760 [mm Hg]

227 °F Vigorous decomposition occurs at these temperatures; thus these values are anomalous due to the effect of the decomp. products (benzyl chloride and CO2). (USCG, 1999)

[HSDB] 80 °C

176 °F OC; 227 °F CC

80.0 °C c.c.

SOL IN ETHER, ACETONE, BENZENE

Solubility in water: reaction

1.22 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2166 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.20

1.2166 @ 20°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1

7 mm Hg @ 85-87 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 85-87 °C: 0.009

7 [mm Hg]

EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC PHOSGENE FUMES WHEN HEATED TO 100 °C.

DANGEROUS; WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... THEY EVOLVE HIGHLY TOXIC /HYDROGEN/ CHLORIDE FUMES. /CHLORIDES/

2.57 mPa-s (cP) @ 20 °C

Corrosive

-10.000 BTU/LB= -5,700 CALORIES/G= -240X10+5 JOULES/KG (ESTIMATED)

90 BTU/LB= 50 CALORIES/G= 2.1X10+5 JOULES/KG (ESTIMATED)

25 DYNES/CM= 0.025 NEWTONS/M AT 20 °C (ESTIMATED)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5175 @ 20 °C/D

DECOMP TO CO2 & BENZYL CHLORIDE UPON HEATING AT 100-155 °C

DECOMP IN HOT ETHANOL & WATER

CONVERSION FACTORS: 6.96 MG/CU M= 1 PPM

Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid

Flash point: 80.0 °C (Tag open cup), 107.9 °C (Tag closed cup)

Chemical shift

Lineshape

Decomposes in moist air. Decomposes slowly in water to give corrosive hydrochloric acid and organic acids.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

BENZYL CHLOROFORMATE decomposes slowly in water forming benzyl alcohol, HCl, and CO2. Gives off HCl fumes in moist air. Reacts with bases, both organic and inorganic. Attacks many metals especially in humid atmosphere [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 476]. Catalytic impurity incidents involving the iron catalyzed decomposition of benzoyl chloroformate have caused several explosions. The iron presumably comes from corrosion of steel storage tanks [Loss Prev. Bull., 1975, (003), 2]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

FORMS HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HYDROCHLORIC ACID) WITH WATER; REACTION IS VERY VIGOROUS IN COLD WATER

DANGEROUS ... WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE HEAT, TOXIC AND CORROSIVE FUMES.

The ester is made by adding benzyl alcohol slowly to a preformed solution of phosgene in toluene at 12-16 °C, toluene solvent finally being distilled off under vacuum. When discolored phosgene was used (probably containing iron salts from corrosion of the cylinder), a violent explosion occurred during the distillation phase, presumably involving iron-catalysed decomposition of the chloroformate ester.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Laboured breathing.

Skin burns.

Watering of the eyes. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 590 mg/m3/4h

... LACRIMATOR.

INHALATION CAUSES MUCOUS MEMBRANE IRRITATION. EYES ARE IRRITATED BY EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO VAPOR. LIQ CAUSES IRRITATION OF EYES & IRRITATES SKIN. INGESTION CAUSES IRRITATION OF MOUTH & STOMACH.

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLOROFORMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1739; Benzyl chloroformate

IMO 8.1; Benzyl chloroformate

49 330 10; Benzyl chloroformate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: C, N; R: 34-50/53; S: (1/2)-26-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: I