2-aminopyridine

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.3% (2 of 156) of reports.

H301 (98.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (83.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (13.5%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (78.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (78.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (10.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (66.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H411 (28.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 156 reports by companies from 24 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 156 reports by companies.

There are 23 notifications provided by 154 of 156 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264+P265, P273, P280, P305+P354+P338, P317, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Extinguishant: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, alcohol foam

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Aminopyridines/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cover with 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton, stuffed with ruffled paper. Burn ... in furnace with afterburner and scrubber.

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. For small quantities, sweep onto paper or other suitable material, place in appropriate container and burn in safe place (such as a fume hood).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

(a) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols ... etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. (b) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace /with afterburner and scrubber/ and stand or position oneself on upwind side.

2-Aminopyridine may be disposed of: 1. By making packages of 2-aminopyridine in paper or other flammable material and burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL & EXHAUST VENTILATION AND DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION.

MOST OPERATIONS WILL REQUIRE CONTROLS TO PREVENT INHALATION. IN CASES OF ACCIDENTAL SKIN CONTACT, PROMPT, THOROUGH SKIN CLEANSING & CLOTHING CHANGE ARE NECESSARY.

Where exposure ... to 2-aminopyridine or solutions containing 2-aminopyridine may occur, facilites for quick drenching of the body should be provided ... .

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-AMINOPYRIDINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from contact with air. Store it in a refrigerator with the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants and strong acids.

IN GENERAL MATERIALS ... TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF ... SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

5.8 [ppm]

6.6 [ppm]

40 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³)

TWA 0.5 ppm (2 mg/m3)

0.5 [ppm]

5 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

5.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Very little quantitative data are available on which to base an IDLH for 2-aminopyridine. The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by ACGIH [1971] that a 5-hour exposure to about 5 ppm produced headache, increased blood pressure, and nausea in a worker [Watrous and Schulz 1950].

See: 504290

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0,5 ppm as TWA

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory depression. Exposure could cause an increase in blood pressure. Exposure far above the OEL could cause death.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 2-Aminopyridine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear butyl rubber gloves, plastic coveralls, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

2-aminopyridine appears as white powder or crystals or light brown solid. (NTP, 1992)

Aminopyridine is a white or clear colored crystalline solid. It is soluble in water and alcohol. It is toxic by ingestion and by inhalation of the dust. It is used to make pharmaceuticals and dyes.

White powder, leaflets, or crystals with a characteristic odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OR WHITE POWDER OR CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

White powder, leaflets, or crystals with a characteristic odor.

White leaflets or large colorless crystals

WHITE POWDER OR CRYSTALS

White powder, leaflets, or crystals.

Leaflets, or large crystals

Characteristic odor

399 to 410 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

210.6 °C

Boiling point: 104-106 °C @ 20 mm Hg

210.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

138 to 140 °F (NTP, 1992)

198 °F (NTP, 1992)

68 °C, 154 °F (closed cup)

68 °C c.c.

10 to 50 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and hot petrol ether

>100 g/100 g water @ 20 °C

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and acetone

Water solubility: >100g/100mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: very good

1.065 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.07 @25 °C

3.25 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.2

0.8 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.09 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.8

0.8 mmHg at 77 °F

0.2 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 0.8 mmHg

log Kow= 0.48

DANGEROUS; WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP IT EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /NITROGEN OXIDES/.

Positive

Agilent XCT

Electrospray ionization

formic acid (5.3nM)

Decomposes in air. Soluble in water.

Soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

2-AMINOPYRIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Reacts with oxidizing agents (NTP, 1992).

AMINOPYRIDINES are amines. Highly toxic, may cause epilepsy-like convulsions, toxic effects resemble strychnine poisoning. When heated to decomposition (over 200 °C), it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., p. 193].

Strong oxidizers

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, nose, throat; headache, dizziness; excitement; nausea; high blood pressure; resp distress; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); convulsions; stupor

central nervous system, respiratory system

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

LD50 Rat oral 0.2 g/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 0.05 g/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 35 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 200 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-AMINOPYRIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN CASES OF ACCIDENTAL SKIN CONTACT, PROMPT, THOROUGH SKIN CLEANSING & CLOTHING CHANGE ARE NECESSARY.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to 2-aminopyridine at potentially hazardous levels: 1. Initial medical screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... /convulsive disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, and chronic respiratory disease/ which might place the employee at increased risk from 2-aminopyridine exposure. ... 2. Periodic medical examination: Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

FATAL INTOXICATION OCCURRED IN A CHEMICAL OPERATOR WHO SPILLED 2-AMINOPYRIDINE DURING DISTILLATION. HE CONTINUED TO WORK IN CONTAMINATED CLOTHING FOR 1 1/2 HR. 2 HR LATER HE DEVELOPED DIZZINESS, HEADACHE, RESP DISTRESS, & CONVULSIONS THAT PROGRESSED TO RESP FAILURE & DEATH.

... CHEM OPERATOR ... MILLING 2-AMINOPYRIDINE WITHOUT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ... DEVELOPED SEVERE POUNDING HEADACHE, NAUSEA, FLUSHING OF EXTREMITIES, & ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, BUT RECOVERED FULLY NEXT DAY. SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATIONS ON THIS OPERATION REVEALED AIR CONCN OF 0.02 MG/L (5.2 PPM).

ACUTE POISONING CAN OCCUR EITHER FROM INHALATION OF THE DUST OR VAPOR @ RELATIVELY LOW CONCN, OR BY SKIN ABSORPTION FOLLOWING DIRECT CONTACT.

LETHAL DOSES IN EXPTL ANIMALS PRODUCE EXCITEMENT WITH TREMORS PROGRESSING TO CONVULSIONS, TETANY, & DEATH. CONVULSIONS OCCUR RAPIDLY & ARE ALMOST ALWAYS FATAL. ... MIN DOSES FOR CONVULSIONS BY IP INJECTION IN MICE ARE 2-AMINOPYRIDINE, 15 MG/KG; 4-AMINOPYRIDINE, 3 MG/KG; AND 3-AMINOPYRIDINE, 10 MG/KG. THE CORRESPONDING IP LD50 IN MICE ARE 35, 9, AND 28 MG/KG. ... AMINO DERIV OF PYRIDINE DO NOT PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT METHEMOGLOBINEMIA IN RATS.

... TEST APPLICATIONS OF 0.02 M SOLN @ PH 5 TO 7 FOR TEN MIN TO RABBIT EYES FROM WHICH CORNEAL EPITHELIUM HAS BEEN REMOVED PRODUCED RELATIVELY SLIGHT OR NO INJURY WITH ... 2-AMINOPYRIDINE ... .

2-AMINOPYRIDINE TESTED IN 0.02 M AQ SOLN @ PH 9.4 BY DROPPING FOR 10 MIN ON RABBIT'S CORNEA FROM WHICH EPITHELIUM HAD BEEN REMOVED CAUSED ONLY TRANSIENT CORNEAL HAZE & SLIGHT DELAY IN RETURN TO NORMAL ... .

IV INJECTION OF 1 MG/KG OF 2-AMINOPYRIDINE IN CATS CAUSES AN INCR IN BLOOD PRESSURE & RESP RATE WITH SYMPTOMS OF CNS STIMULATION & MUSCLE TWITCHING.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-AMINOPYRIDINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

2-Aminopyridine's production and use as an intermediate for antihistamines and other pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-aminopyridine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminopyridine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs. If released to soil, 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 45. The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Aminopyridine will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 2-Aminopyridine degrades slowly in soil. In one study, 2-aminopyridine was found to completely degrade in greater than 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. If released into water, 2-aminopyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc; however at acidic pHs, the cation may adsorb. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Aminopyridines may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class of chemicals absorb above 280 nm. Biodegradation in water may slowly occur based upon biodegradation studies in soil. Measured BCFs of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l, respectively, suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 2-aminopyridine may occur via dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminopyridine is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Aminopyridine's production and use as an intermediate for antihistamines and other pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(9), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of 2-aminopyridine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Aminopyridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). 2-Aminopyridine degrades slowly(6) or is not readily biodegradable(5,8) in soil. In one study, 2-aminopyridine was found to completely degrade in 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 2-aminopyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(8), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l(6), respectively, and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminopyridine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminopyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Aminopyridines may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class of chemicals absorb above 280 nm(4).

AEROBIC: An aerobic biological screening study, which utilized a 10 mg/l yeast extract and an Aeric Ochraqualf soil for inocula, indicated that 2-aminopyridine is not readily biodegradable(1). At 28 °C and a pH of 7, less than 1% of an initial 17 ppm of 2-aminopyridine was mineralized within 30 days as evidenced via the release of inorganic nitrogen(1). In addition, an acclimated aerobic soil grab sample study demonstrated slow biodegradation of 2-aminopyridine(2). 2-Aminopyridine was added to Fincastle silt loam (Aeric Ochraqualf) with a pH of 6.7 and incubated at 25 °C(2). Within 64 days, 59.5% of the available nitrogen was released to inorganic forms(2). Sterilized controls lost 14.9% of the starting material to volatilization; but, did not release inorganic nitrogen(2). A screening test, which utilized 5 ml garden soil suspensions with glucose, yeast extract and mineral salts, compared aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of 2-aminopyridine(3). 2-Aminopyridine completely degraded in greater than 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(3). A 0% BOD was reported using 100 mg/l 2-aminopyridine in 30 mg/l sludge in 4 weeks(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-aminopyridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aminopyridine, which is a class of compounds that includes 2-aminopyridine, may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class generally demonstrates at least one absorption maximum above 280 nm(2).

A BCF of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l, respectively, was measured for 2-aminopyridine(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-aminopyridine can be estimated to be 45(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, the pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-aminopyridine is estimated as 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-aminopyridine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Aminopyridine's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). 2-Aminopyridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2-Aminopyridine was released to surrounding air as a product of the thermal decomposition of epoxy powder paint(1).

2-Aminopyridine was identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes(1).

2-Aminopyridine can affect the body if it is inhaled, comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

2-Aminopyridine's production and use as an intermediate for antihistamines and other pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-aminopyridine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminopyridine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs. If released to soil, 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 45. The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Aminopyridine will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 2-Aminopyridine degrades slowly in soil. In one study, 2-aminopyridine was found to completely degrade in greater than 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. If released into water, 2-aminopyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc; however at acidic pHs, the cation may adsorb. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Aminopyridines may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class of chemicals absorb above 280 nm. Biodegradation in water may slowly occur based upon biodegradation studies in soil. Measured BCFs of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l, respectively, suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 2-aminopyridine may occur via dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminopyridine is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Aminopyridine's production and use as an intermediate for antihistamines and other pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(9), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of 2-aminopyridine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Aminopyridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). 2-Aminopyridine degrades slowly(6) or is not readily biodegradable(5,8) in soil. In one study, 2-aminopyridine was found to completely degrade in 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 2-aminopyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(8), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l(6), respectively, and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminopyridine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminopyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Aminopyridines may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class of chemicals absorb above 280 nm(4).

AEROBIC: An aerobic biological screening study, which utilized a 10 mg/l yeast extract and an Aeric Ochraqualf soil for inocula, indicated that 2-aminopyridine is not readily biodegradable(1). At 28 °C and a pH of 7, less than 1% of an initial 17 ppm of 2-aminopyridine was mineralized within 30 days as evidenced via the release of inorganic nitrogen(1). In addition, an acclimated aerobic soil grab sample study demonstrated slow biodegradation of 2-aminopyridine(2). 2-Aminopyridine was added to Fincastle silt loam (Aeric Ochraqualf) with a pH of 6.7 and incubated at 25 °C(2). Within 64 days, 59.5% of the available nitrogen was released to inorganic forms(2). Sterilized controls lost 14.9% of the starting material to volatilization; but, did not release inorganic nitrogen(2). A screening test, which utilized 5 ml garden soil suspensions with glucose, yeast extract and mineral salts, compared aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of 2-aminopyridine(3). 2-Aminopyridine completely degraded in greater than 96 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(3). A 0% BOD was reported using 100 mg/l 2-aminopyridine in 30 mg/l sludge in 4 weeks(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-aminopyridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aminopyridine, which is a class of compounds that includes 2-aminopyridine, may be susceptible to photochemical degradation as this class generally demonstrates at least one absorption maximum above 280 nm(2).

A BCF of 3.0-7.7 and <5.1-25 at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l, respectively, was measured for 2-aminopyridine(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-aminopyridine can be estimated to be 45(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-aminopyridine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, the pKa of 2-aminopyridine is 6.86(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-aminopyridine is estimated as 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-aminopyridine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Aminopyridine's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). 2-Aminopyridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2-Aminopyridine was released to surrounding air as a product of the thermal decomposition of epoxy powder paint(1).

2-Aminopyridine was identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes(1).

2-Aminopyridine can affect the body if it is inhaled, comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin.

... Operations in which exposure ... may occur ... /are/: use in production of chemical intermediates for manufacture of pharmaceuticals; use in manufacture of dyes, lubricant antioxidants, and herbicides.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,159 workers (429 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-aminopyridine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-aminopyridine may occur via dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminopyridine is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

(a) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols ... etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. (b) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace /with afterburner and scrubber/ and stand or position oneself on upwind side.

2-Aminopyridine may be disposed of: 1. By making packages of 2-aminopyridine in paper or other flammable material and burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Aminopyridines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Aminopyridines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Aminopyridines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Aminopyridines/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-AMINOPYRIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2671; Aminopyridines

IMO 6.1; Aminopyridines

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Airtight. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II