1,3-pentadiene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.1% (13 of 256) of reports.

H225 (94.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (70.7%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 256 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 13 of 256 reports by companies.

There are 4 notifications provided by 243 of 256 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (90.3%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (90.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (90.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (90.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 72 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

INHALATION: Move victim to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES OR SKIN: Flush immediately with running for at least 15 minutes; hold eyelids open if necessary. Wash skin with soap and water. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. If swallowed and victim is UNCONSCIOUS OR HAVING CONVULSIONS, do nothing except keep victim warm. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

WATER MAY BE EFFECTIVE.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U186, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants. Fireproof. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Ventilation along the floor.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The vapour is irritating to the eyes and skin. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. The effects may be delayed.

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Use non-sparking handtools.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1,3-pentadiene appears as a clear colorless liquid with an acrid odor. A dangerous fire risk. Vapors are irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Subject to polymerization if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Insoluble in water. Used to make intermediates and polymers.

Colorless liquid; [Hawley]

Colorless liquid; [HSDB] Unpleasant odor; [CHEMINFO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colorless liquid

109 °F at 760 mmHg (NFPA, 2010)

-222 °F (USCG, 1999)

-87.5 °C

-20 °F (USCG, 1999)

-29 °C (CLOSED CUP)

-28 °C c.c.

SOL IN ALL PROP IN ALC, ETHER, ACETONE, BENZENE, HEPTANE, & CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

MISCIBLE WITH ALCOHOL, ETHER, ACETONE, BENZENE

Water solubility of >341 mg/l at room temperature.

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.069 (very poor)

0.6834 at 68 °F (average value for cis and trans isomers) (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6760 @ 20 °C/4 °C

0.6710 g/ml @ 25 °C

0.7 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.7

2.35 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.35

405.0 [mmHg]

411.0 [mmHg]

405 mm Hg @ 25 °C

411 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 53.3

log Kow= 2.44

1.5 (estimated)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 223.5 NM (LOG E= 4.36); INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4301 @ 20 °C/D

Index of refraction: 1.43008 @ 20 °C

Freezing point: -141 °C; bp: -44 °C; index of refraction: 1.43634 @ 20 °C/D; soluble in alcohol and ether. /cis/

MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 223.5 NM (LOG E= 4.36); INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4301 @ 20 °C/D; DENSITY: 0.6760 @ 20 °C/4 °C; MP: -87.5 °C; BP: 42 °C @ 760 MM HG /TRANS/

Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec @ 24 °C /cis-isomer/

Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 1.03X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec @ 27 °C /cis-isomer/

Soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, and benzene /cis-1,3-Pentadiene/

Boiling point

Fusion temperature

Heat of sublimation

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Conjugated Dienes

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

1,3-PENTADIENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions. May undergo autoxidation upon exposure to the air to form explosive peroxides. Violent explosions at low temperatures in ammonia synthesis units have been traced to the addition products of dienes and nitrogen dioxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Redness.

Nausea. Vomiting. Aspiration hazard!

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

LC50 (rat) = 140,000 mg/m3/2H

LC50 (rat) = 2692 mg/m3/2H

LD50 Mouse iv 18 mg/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory rest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

1,3-Pentadiene ... was tested for mutagenicity using variations of the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. The chemical was incorporated into the test system (with and without S9 mix) by 3 methods: (a) the standard plate incorporation assay, (b) a liquid preincubation procedure and (c) exposure of test bacteria in the soft agar overlay to gaseous 1,3-pentadiene. The chemical was extremely toxic to the test bacteria with amounts as low as 2 ug/plate causing cellular death. None of the nonlethal concentrations tested by any of the methods was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 or TA1538.

1,3-Pentadiene's production and use as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers, maleic anhydride and as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It may also be released to the environment during the combustion of biomass, from waste incinerators, and in the exhaust of motor vehicles. The commercial mixture of 1,3-pentadiene consists of 80% of the trans-isomer and 20% of the cis-isomer. If released to air a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-pentadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-pentadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 4 hours. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 5 hours. The vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene with nitrate radicals may also be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night, but the rate of this reaction is not known. If released to soil, 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Pentadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. No biodegradation data were located for 1,3-pentadiene, but the biodegradation half-life of a similar compound, 1,3-butadiene, has been reported as 7 days in aerobic water and 28 days in anaerobic water. These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 78 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-pentadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

trans-1,3-Pentadiene's production and use in polymers, maleic anhydride adducts, and as an intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trans-1,3-pentadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 3.7 hours and 5.2 hours, respectively. If released to soil, trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole. trans-1,3-Pentadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 51 min and 78 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to trans-1,3-pentadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trans-1,3-pentadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Pentadiene may be released to the atmosphere during the combustion of biomass during fires caused by lightning, volcanoes, or other natural phenomena(1).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene may be released to the atmosphere during the combustion of biomass during fires caused by lightning, volcanoes, or other natural phenomena(1).

1,3-Pentadiene's production and use as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers, maleic anhydride and as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It may also be released to the environment from waste incinerators and in the exhaust of motor vehicles(2,3).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene's production and use in polymers, maleic anhydride adducts, and as an intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene may also be released to the atmosphere in the exhaust of motor vehicles(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 78 hrs, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. No biodegradation data were located for 1,3-pentadiene(SRC), but the biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene has been reported as 7 days in aerobic water and 28 days in anaerobic water(7). These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-pentadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-pentadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 3.7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 24 °C(3). The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), estimated with a structure estimation method(4). The vapor phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene with nitrate radicals may be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night(5), but the rate of this reaction is not known.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 51 min and 78 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trans-1,3-pentadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(4), and this may be an important removal process for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC).

No biodegradation data regarding 1,3-pentadiene were located(SRC), however data on a similar compound, 1,3-butadiene are available(1-4). Laboratory studies employing pure bacterial cultures isolated from lake and soil samples were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene, however it is not clear what the rate of degradation will be under environmental conditions(1-3). The biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(4). These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also undergo biodegradation under similar conditions(SRC).

Experimental rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of cis-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 24 °C(1) and 1.03X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 27 °C(2) correspond to half-lives of 3.8 and 3.7 hrs, respectively(SRC), using an average hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 molecules/cu cm(2). The rate of this reaction for the trans isomer is not expected to differ significantly(2), therefore, the above values represent the vapor-phase reaction between 1,3-pentadiene and photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene (both cis and trans isomers) with ozone molecules has been estimated as 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(5), and this may be an important removal process for 1,3-pentadiene, but the rate of this reaction is not known(SRC). 1,3-Pentadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(6). 1,3-Pentadiene has been shown to undergo photo-induced isomerization in solutions containing photosensitizers such as humic acids(7-9). When a 1X10-5 molar solution of cis-1,3-pentadiene in river water or in laboratory solutions containing humic acids or known triplet photosensitizers were subjected to natural sunlight, isomerization occurred until a photostationary state of 56% trans-1,3-pentadiene and 44% cis-1,3-pentadiene was achieved, indicating that both isomers underwent this photo-isomerization(7).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically-produced ozone has been estimated as 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone per cu cm(1). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(2), and this may be an important removal process for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). No detectable photoreaction was observed when distilled water solutions of trans-1,3-pentadiene were exposed to sunlight for 1 day(4). When a 1X10-5 molar solution of cis-1,3-pentadiene in river water or in laboratory solutions containing humic acids were subjected to natural sunlight, isomerization occurred until a photostationary state of 56% trans-1,3-pentadiene and 44% cis-1,3-pentadiene was achieved, indicating that trans-1,3-pentadiene underwent a photo-isomerization(4). Kinetic studies indicate that the isomerization does not involve binding of 1,3-pentadiene to the humic substances but rather the transfer of energy from the triplet state of the humic material(5). The midrange half-life for the photo-isomerization reaction is 14 hours(6). Isomerization of trans-1,3-pentadiene in distilled water with added algae did not occur when this solution was subjected to sunlight(7).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for 1,3-pentadiene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 500(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Koc of trans-1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 500(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 78 hours(SRC). 1,3-Pentadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces exists based upon a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg(3).

The Henry's Law constant for trans-1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 51 min(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.3 days(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Pentadiene was identified, not quantified, as a stack emission from waste incinerators(1). 1,3-Pentadiene has been identified, not quantified, in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel engines(2). 1,3-Pentadiene was detected in the exhaust of a single component fuel at a concn of 0.66 ppm(3). 1,3-Pentadiene was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of garden waste(4).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene has been qualitatively detected in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel engines(1).

1,3-Pentadiene was detected in clams and oysters taken from Lake Pontchartrain, LA, 1980, at a concentration of 3.2 and 1.4 ppb wet weight, respectively(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-83) has statistically estimated that 67 workers are potentially exposed to 1,3-pentadiene in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-pentadiene is produced or used(SRC).

Occupational exposure to trans-1,3-pentadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trans-1,3-pentadiene is produced or used(SRC). Inhalation of the exhaust of motor vehicles may also lead to trans-1,3-pentadiene exposure by the general population(1).

1,3-Pentadiene's production and use as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers, maleic anhydride and as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It may also be released to the environment during the combustion of biomass, from waste incinerators, and in the exhaust of motor vehicles. The commercial mixture of 1,3-pentadiene consists of 80% of the trans-isomer and 20% of the cis-isomer. If released to air a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-pentadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-pentadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 4 hours. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 5 hours. The vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene with nitrate radicals may also be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night, but the rate of this reaction is not known. If released to soil, 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Pentadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. No biodegradation data were located for 1,3-pentadiene, but the biodegradation half-life of a similar compound, 1,3-butadiene, has been reported as 7 days in aerobic water and 28 days in anaerobic water. These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 78 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-pentadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

trans-1,3-Pentadiene's production and use in polymers, maleic anhydride adducts, and as an intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trans-1,3-pentadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 3.7 hours and 5.2 hours, respectively. If released to soil, trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole. trans-1,3-Pentadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 51 min and 78 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to trans-1,3-pentadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trans-1,3-pentadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Pentadiene may be released to the atmosphere during the combustion of biomass during fires caused by lightning, volcanoes, or other natural phenomena(1).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene may be released to the atmosphere during the combustion of biomass during fires caused by lightning, volcanoes, or other natural phenomena(1).

1,3-Pentadiene's production and use as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers, maleic anhydride and as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It may also be released to the environment from waste incinerators and in the exhaust of motor vehicles(2,3).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene's production and use in polymers, maleic anhydride adducts, and as an intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene may also be released to the atmosphere in the exhaust of motor vehicles(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 78 hrs, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. No biodegradation data were located for 1,3-pentadiene(SRC), but the biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene has been reported as 7 days in aerobic water and 28 days in anaerobic water(7). These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-pentadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-pentadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 3.7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 24 °C(3). The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), estimated with a structure estimation method(4). The vapor phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene with nitrate radicals may be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night(5), but the rate of this reaction is not known.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 51 min and 78 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trans-1,3-pentadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase trans-1,3-pentadiene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(4), and this may be an important removal process for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC).

No biodegradation data regarding 1,3-pentadiene were located(SRC), however data on a similar compound, 1,3-butadiene are available(1-4). Laboratory studies employing pure bacterial cultures isolated from lake and soil samples were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene, however it is not clear what the rate of degradation will be under environmental conditions(1-3). The biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(4). These data suggest that 1,3-pentadiene will also undergo biodegradation under similar conditions(SRC).

Experimental rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of cis-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 24 °C(1) and 1.03X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 27 °C(2) correspond to half-lives of 3.8 and 3.7 hrs, respectively(SRC), using an average hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 molecules/cu cm(2). The rate of this reaction for the trans isomer is not expected to differ significantly(2), therefore, the above values represent the vapor-phase reaction between 1,3-pentadiene and photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-pentadiene (both cis and trans isomers) with ozone molecules has been estimated as 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(5), and this may be an important removal process for 1,3-pentadiene, but the rate of this reaction is not known(SRC). 1,3-Pentadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(6). 1,3-Pentadiene has been shown to undergo photo-induced isomerization in solutions containing photosensitizers such as humic acids(7-9). When a 1X10-5 molar solution of cis-1,3-pentadiene in river water or in laboratory solutions containing humic acids or known triplet photosensitizers were subjected to natural sunlight, isomerization occurred until a photostationary state of 56% trans-1,3-pentadiene and 44% cis-1,3-pentadiene was achieved, indicating that both isomers underwent this photo-isomerization(7).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,3-pentadiene with photochemically-produced ozone has been estimated as 5.26X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone per cu cm(1). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(2), and this may be an important removal process for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). No detectable photoreaction was observed when distilled water solutions of trans-1,3-pentadiene were exposed to sunlight for 1 day(4). When a 1X10-5 molar solution of cis-1,3-pentadiene in river water or in laboratory solutions containing humic acids were subjected to natural sunlight, isomerization occurred until a photostationary state of 56% trans-1,3-pentadiene and 44% cis-1,3-pentadiene was achieved, indicating that trans-1,3-pentadiene underwent a photo-isomerization(4). Kinetic studies indicate that the isomerization does not involve binding of 1,3-pentadiene to the humic substances but rather the transfer of energy from the triplet state of the humic material(5). The midrange half-life for the photo-isomerization reaction is 14 hours(6). Isomerization of trans-1,3-pentadiene in distilled water with added algae did not occur when this solution was subjected to sunlight(7).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for 1,3-pentadiene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for trans-1,3-pentadiene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 500(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Koc of trans-1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 500(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 0.069 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-pentadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 78 hours(SRC). 1,3-Pentadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces exists based upon a vapor pressure of 405 mm Hg(3).

The Henry's Law constant for trans-1,3-pentadiene is estimated as 0.12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trans-1,3-pentadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 51 min(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.3 days(SRC). trans-1,3-Pentadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of trans-1,3-pentadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 411 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Pentadiene was identified, not quantified, as a stack emission from waste incinerators(1). 1,3-Pentadiene has been identified, not quantified, in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel engines(2). 1,3-Pentadiene was detected in the exhaust of a single component fuel at a concn of 0.66 ppm(3). 1,3-Pentadiene was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of garden waste(4).

trans-1,3-Pentadiene has been qualitatively detected in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel engines(1).

1,3-Pentadiene was detected in clams and oysters taken from Lake Pontchartrain, LA, 1980, at a concentration of 3.2 and 1.4 ppb wet weight, respectively(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-83) has statistically estimated that 67 workers are potentially exposed to 1,3-pentadiene in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-pentadiene is produced or used(SRC).

Occupational exposure to trans-1,3-pentadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trans-1,3-pentadiene is produced or used(SRC). Inhalation of the exhaust of motor vehicles may also lead to trans-1,3-pentadiene exposure by the general population(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U186, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II