cyanogen iodide

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Wear protective gloves when inducing vomiting. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. NO mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure.

Note: Cyanogen iodide is very readily absorbed through the skin.

Signs and Symptoms of Cyanogen Iodide Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to cyanogen iodide may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Cyanogen iodide is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyanogen iodide exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyanogen iodide.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with cyanogen iodide-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

3. RUSH to a health care facility!

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyanogen iodide.

4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with cyanogen iodide-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Cyanide or Cyanide Mixture, Dry) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site.

(Non-Specific -- Cyanide or Cyanide Mixture, Dry) Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including cyanide gas, iodide gas and nitrogen oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated water. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, eye protection, laboratory coat and self-contained breathing apparatus if necessary. Cover spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand. Scoop into a container and transport to the fume hood. Add to a pail of water. Cautiously, and with stirring, add to an alkaline solution of calcium hypochlorite or household bleach. After 24 hours, decant solution to the drain with 50 times its volume of water. Discard the solid residue with normal refuse.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat and eye protection. In the fume hood, add slowly and cautiously, with stirring, to a large volume of alkaline calcium hypochlorite solution or household bleach. After 24 hours, flush down the drain with 50 times its volume of water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! Use local exhaust or breathing protection. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing. Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

(Non-Specific -- Cyanide or Cyanide Mixture, Dry) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Separated from incompatible materials and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Separated from incompatible materials, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

2.0 [mg/m3], as CN, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.92 [mg/m3]

10 [mg/m3]

51 [mg/m3]

5.0 [mg/m3], as CN

25.0 [mg/m3], as CN

0.01 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

skin absorption (H)

DOE Protective Action Criteria (PAC): Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) for Cyanogen iodide: TEEL-0: 35 mg/cu m; PAC-1: 100 mg/cu m; PAC-2: 180 mg/cu m; PAC-3: 180 mg/cu m (TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects; PAC-1: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor; PAC-2: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action; PAC-3: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects).

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration. This may result in convulsions and unconsciousness. Exposure could cause death. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the thyroid.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ...All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Cyanogen iodide appears as white needles with a very pungent odor. Used in taxidermists' preservatives and generally for destroying all lower forms of life. Toxic by inhalation or ingestion.

White crystals with a pungent odor; [ICSC]

WHITE CRYSTALS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

White needles

Needles from alcohol and ethyl ether

Very pungent odor

Acrid taste

Sublimation at temperatures > 45 °C

295.7 °F (EPA, 1998)

146.7 °C

146-147 °C

146.5 °C

Very soluble in ethyl ether, ethanol

Soluble in ethanol, ether, and volatile oils

In water, 3.56X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: slow reaction

2.84 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

2.84 g/cu cm at 18 °C

2.84 g/cm³

2.84 @25 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.54

1 mmHg at 77.36 °F (EPA, 1998)

1.0 [mmHg]

1 mm Hg at 25.2 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25.2 °C: 130

1 [mm Hg] @25.2 °C

40.02 kJ/mol

Elemental composition: C: 7.85%, I: 82.99%, N: 9.16%

Enthalpy of sublimation = 59.90 kJ/mol; Enthalpy of fusion = 19.88 kJ/mol; Dipole moment = 3.71. Cyanogen iodide decoposes to cyanogen and iodine.

Dunham energy parameter

Gibbs energy

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Centrifugal distortion

Chemical bond

Crystal structure

Electric dipole moment

Electronic transition energy

Enthalpy

Formation energy

Water soluble.

Cyanides, Inorganic

Phosphorus(molten) plus CYANOGEN IODIDE reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus iodide, [NFPA 491M, 1991]. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).

Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. /Cyanide/

Water, acids, alkalis, ammonia, alcohols (Note: Can react very slowly with water to form hydrogen cyanide. May be stabilized to prevent polymerization). /Cyanide/

Incompatible with phosphorus.

Phosphorous (molten) plus cyanogen iodide reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorous iodide.

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Sore throat. Headache. Confusion. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. See Inhalation.

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cyanide and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

Cyanokit is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning. ... If clinical suspicion of cyanide poisoning is high, Cyanokit should be administered without delay.... Cyanokit (hydroxocobalamin for injection) 5 g is a cyanide antidote package which contains two colorless 250 mL glass vials, each of which contains 2.5 g dark red lyophilized hydroxocobalamin, pH adjusted with hydrochloric acid, two transfer spikes, one IV administration set, one quick use reference guide and one package insert. The action of Cyanokit in the treatment of cyanide poisoning is based on its ability to bind cyanide ions. ...Caution should be exercised when administering other cyanide antidotes simultaneously with Cyanokit, as the safety of co-administration has not been established. If a decision is made to administer another cyanide antidote with Cyanokit, these drugs should not be administered concurrently in the same IV line. /Cyanide/

In cases of respiratory compromise secure airway and respiration via endotracheal intubation. If not possible, perform cricothyroidotomy if equipped and trained to do so. Patients who are in shock or have seizures should be treated according to advanced life support (ALS) protocols. These patients or those who have arrhythmias may be seriously acidotic; consider giving, under medical supervision, each patient 1 mEq/kg intravenous sodium bicarbonate. ... When possible, treatment with cyanide antidotes should be given under medical supervision to unconscious victims who have known or strongly suspected cyanide poisoning. Cyanide antidotes - amyl nitrite perles and iv infusions of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate - are packaged in the cyanide antidote kit. Amyl nitrite perles should be broken onto a gauze pad and held under the nose, over the Ambu-valve intake, or placed under the lip of the face mask.... . If the patient has not responded to oxygen and amyl nitrite treatment, infuse sodium nitrite iv as soon as possible. ... Monitor blood pressure ... . Next, infuse sodium thiosulfate iv. .../Hydrogen cyanide/

Laboratory Findings. 1. An elevated blood cyanide concentration. Mild effects may be apparent at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 ug/mL, and concentrations of 2.5 ug/mL and higher are associated with coma, convulsions and death. 2. Acidosis. Metabolic acidosis with a high concentration of lactic acid (lactic acidosis) or a metabolic acidosis with an unexplained high anion gap (if the means to measure lactic acid are not available) may be present. Because oxygen cannot be utilized, anaerobic metabolism with the production of lactic acid replaces aerobic metabolism. Lactic acidosis, however, may reflect other disease states and is not specific for cyanide poisoning. 3. Oxygen content of venous blood greater than normal. This also is a result of poisoning of the intramitochondrial respiratory chain and the resulting failure of cells to extract oxygen from arterial blood. This finding is also not specific for cyanide poisoning. /Hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Sore throat. Headache. Confusion. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Skin: MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Eyes: Redness. Pain. EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: The substance is severely irritating to the eyes the skin and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration, resulting in convulsions and unconsciousness. Exposure may result in death. Medical observation is indicated. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE: The substance may have effects on the thyroid.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Strong irritant to eyes and skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 100 mg/cu m /of cyanogen iodide/ causes immediate irritation of the respiratory passages and smarting of the eyes, with severe blepharospasm and lacrimation. Chronic exposure causes hoarseness, conjunctivitis, and edema of the lids.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Caution: Causes convulsions, paralysis, death from respiratory failure.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat and eye protection. In the fume hood, add slowly and cautiously, with stirring, to a large volume of alkaline calcium hypochlorite solution or household bleach. After 24 hours, flush down the drain with 50 times its volume of water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Poison Corrosive

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 26/27/28-32-50/53; S: (1/2)-7-28-29-45-60-61; Note: A

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I