acetyl bromide

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 51 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Aggregated GHS information provided per 38 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove victim from exposure; if breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration; if breathing is difficult, give oxygen; watch for delayed lung damage.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.; get medical attention.

SKIN: flush with soap and water; treat burns as needed. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide, dry sand. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use dry chemical, /carbon dioxide/.

Reacts violently with water-based extinguishers, such as foam. Do not use water or foam extinguishers. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

HBr - when spill Acetyl bromide into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1716 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.7 km (0.4 mi)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Do not flush with water. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Prevent liquid from reaching water if possible. This material creates large amounts of toxic hydrogen bromide (HBr) vapor when spilled in water, and is considered by the North American Emergency Response Guide to be dangerous from 0.5 to 10 km (0.3-6.0 miles downwind). Enter area from upwind side. Evacuate area and issue warning of danger, including possible explosion. Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Absorb liquids using dry lime or soda ash. Do not use water or wet method. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. ... Initial isolation and protective action distances: Distances shown are likely to be affected during the first 30 min after materials are spilled and could increase with time. If more than one tank car, cargo tank, portable tank, or large cylinder involved in the incident is leaking, the protective action distance may need to be increased. You may need to seek emergency information from CHEMTREC ... or seek professional environmental engineering assistance from the US EPA Environmental Response Team ... . Small spills (From a small package or a small leak from a large package), when spilled in water: First: Isolate in all directions (100 feet/30 meters). Then: Protect persons downwind - Day 0.1 mi/0.2 km, Night 0.2 mi/0.3 km). Large spills (From a large package or from many small packages): First: Isolate in all directions (200 feet/60 meters). Then: Protect persons downwind - Day 0.4 mi/0.6 km, Night 1.1 mi/1.8 km.

Environmental considerations - Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations - Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Environmental considerations - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials.

Store separately in a corrosion-resistant location. ... Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from moisture and sunlight. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

Protect from water.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.82 [ppm]

54 [ppm]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance and the vapour are corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NIOSH approved respirator; impervious protective clothing; chemical safety goggles; gloves; adequate ventilation; provisions for flushing eyes or skin with water (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Wear corrosive-resistant gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ... Wear splashproof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn.

NO open flames. NO contact with water.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Acetyl bromide appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Vapors irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 13.9 lb / gal.

Clear fuming liquid with a pungent odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. TURNS YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Fuming liquid

Colorless fuming liquid

Sharp unpleasant odor

Pungent odor

169 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

76.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-141.7 °F (USCG, 1999)

-95.5 °C

-96.5 °C

110 °C (230 °F) - closed cup

Violently decomposed by water or alcohol

Miscible with ether, chloroform, benzene

Soluble in ether, chloroform, benzene

Miscible with ether, benzene, chloroform; soluble in acetone

Solubility in water: reaction

1.66 at 60.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 1.52 at 9 °C

Saturated liquid density: 103.599 lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Vapor specific gravity: 4.24; Saturated vapor density: 0.04488 lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.5

1.66 @ 20°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

122.0 [mmHg]

122 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 13

110 [mm Hg] @20 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Turns yellow in air.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, hydrogen bromide gas.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly corrosive and toxic fumes of carbonyl bromide and bromine.

Violently decomposed by water, or by alcohol.

Corrosive

Corrosive to metals and tissue

106 btu/Lb = 59 cal/g = 2.5X10X5 J/kg

Odor detection in air is 5.00 x 10(-4) mg/L (gas) (chemically pure)

Index of refraction: 1.4486 at 20 °C/D

BP: 81 °C; MP: -96 °C

Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water producing heat and acidic fumes [Haz. Chem. Data. 1966].

Acetyl bromide reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HBr. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Bromide gas will be created in 0.08 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

ACETYL BROMIDE decomposes violently upon contact with water, steam, methanol or ethanol to form hydrogen bromide gas and acetic acid. Reacts vigorously with bases, both organic and inorganic. Incompatible with oxidizing agents and alcohols. Produces highly toxic fumes of bromine and carbonyl bromide when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 34]. Vapor forms an explosive mixture with air [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, 1978, p. 162]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, alcohols.

Violently decomposed by water, or by alcohol.

Contact with moisture, water, steam, alcohols causes a violent reaction releasing corrosive carbonyl bromide, hydrogen bromide, and bromine gases. Incompatible with organic solvents, ethers, oxidizers, and strong bases. Corrodes or attacks most metals and wood in the presence of moisture. Contact with combustibles may cause ignition.

Interaction with water, methanol or ethanol is violent, hydrogen bromide being evolved.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Acetyl bromide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetyl bromide is a colorless fuming liquid. It is used in organic synthesis and dye manufacture. HUMAN STUDIES: It could cause severe ocular damage if splashed in eye. However, in one instance of corneal burn, recovery is reported to have been complete in 48 hr. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are no data available.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Abdominal pain. Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Mouse ip 250 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize, because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 30 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Do not induce vomiting. Medical observation is recommended for 24-48 hr after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Strong irritant to eyes and skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Could cause severe ocular damage if splashed in eye. However, in one instance of corneal burn, recovery is reported to have been complete in 48 hr.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 40.6 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 31.4-54.2 mg/L)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Acetyl bromide's production and use in organic synthesis and dye manufacture may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl bromide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl bromide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years. Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. However, acetyl bromide reacts violently in the presence of water and combined with the reported high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups which occur in soil, it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils. Acetyl bromide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available. If released in water, acetyl bromide is not expected to persist as it reacts violently with water. Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water. Occupational exposure to acetyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl bromide is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl bromide. (SRC)

Acetyl bromide's production and use in organic synthesis and dye manufacture(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). In view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups which occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils(SRC). Acetyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Acetyl bromide decomposes violently in the presence of water(1) and, therefore, will not persist in the aquatic environment(SRC). Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetyl bromide, which has a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl bromide may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl bromide decomposes violently with water and alcohol(1). It will, therefore, not persist for any length of time in an environment where water is present. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl bromide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl bromide will decompose violently in water(1). Because of its short half-life in water, bioconcentration of acetyl bromide in aquatic organisms is not an important evironmental fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetyl bromide can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, acetyl bromide will decompose violently in the presence of water(3). High reactivity of structurally-similar compounds such as acetyl chloride towards molecules with active hydrogen groups such as natural products containing amine, phenol, and alcohol functional groups that occur in soil has been reported(4). Therefore, it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils(SRC).

Acetyl bromide will decompose violently in water(1) forming gaseous hydrogen bromide(2), preempting volatilization from water or soil surfaces as an environmental fate process(SRC). For the same reason, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is very unlikely(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetyl bromide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg(3).

Occupational exposure to acetyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl bromide is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl bromide. (SRC)

Eye and skin contact, inhalation and ingestion.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 40.6 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 31.4-54.2 mg/L)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Acetyl bromide's production and use in organic synthesis and dye manufacture may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl bromide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl bromide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years. Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. However, acetyl bromide reacts violently in the presence of water and combined with the reported high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups which occur in soil, it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils. Acetyl bromide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available. If released in water, acetyl bromide is not expected to persist as it reacts violently with water. Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water. Occupational exposure to acetyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl bromide is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl bromide. (SRC)

Acetyl bromide's production and use in organic synthesis and dye manufacture(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). In view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups which occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils(SRC). Acetyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Acetyl bromide decomposes violently in the presence of water(1) and, therefore, will not persist in the aquatic environment(SRC). Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetyl bromide, which has a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl bromide may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl bromide decomposes violently with water and alcohol(1). It will, therefore, not persist for any length of time in an environment where water is present. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl bromide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Acetyl bromide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl bromide will decompose violently in water(1). Because of its short half-life in water, bioconcentration of acetyl bromide in aquatic organisms is not an important evironmental fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetyl bromide can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl bromide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, acetyl bromide will decompose violently in the presence of water(3). High reactivity of structurally-similar compounds such as acetyl chloride towards molecules with active hydrogen groups such as natural products containing amine, phenol, and alcohol functional groups that occur in soil has been reported(4). Therefore, it is unlikely that acetyl bromide would persist for long in moist soils(SRC).

Acetyl bromide will decompose violently in water(1) forming gaseous hydrogen bromide(2), preempting volatilization from water or soil surfaces as an environmental fate process(SRC). For the same reason, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is very unlikely(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetyl bromide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 122 mm Hg(3).

Occupational exposure to acetyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl bromide is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl bromide. (SRC)

Eye and skin contact, inhalation and ingestion.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Acetyl bromide (when spilled in water) ID: 1716 [Table#1917]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases.

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#1918]

/GUIDE 156 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Acetyl bromide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1716; Acetyl bromide

IMO 8; Acetyl bromide

49 317 05; Acetyl bromide

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Acetyl bromide is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Acetyl bromide is included on the dangerous goods list.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II