1,2-dimethylhydrazine

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

INHALATION: Remove victim from contaminated area, give artificial respiration and oxygen if needed; watch for signs of pulmonary edema; enforce absolute rest.

INGESTION: Do NOT induce vomiting; hospitalize.

SKIN OR EYES: Flood with water and treat as alkaline burn. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2382 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.8 km (0.5 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.3 km (0.8 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U099, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; for solids, hours. Also a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

0.27 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

11 [ppm]

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Table: AEGLs for 1,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE (ppm) [Table#4761]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Exposure could cause death.

The substance may have effects on the kidneys and liver. This may result in tissue lesions.

Rubber gloves, boots, and apron; plastic face shield. Gas mask with ammonia (GMD) canister protects for 30 min. against 1% concentration; for longer periods or higher concentrations, use self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

All systems or equipment containing the hydrazines shall be designed to minimize the possibility of vapor or aerosol inhalation, skin or eye contact, and spill or leaks; such as full face shields, goggles, and full body protection clothing, including gloves and boots. /Hydrazines/

...Vinyl coated hand protection, natural or reclaimed rubber protection, rubber aprons, and plastic eye and face protection... used when working with small quantities. Where possibility of gross splashing exists, full protective clothing made of rubber, neoprene or vinyl-coated materials should be worn. For respiratory protection in situations where recommended tolerance limits... exceeded, respiratory protective equipment... must be used. /Hydrazine and derivatives/

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with oxidizing agents. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

1,2-dimethylhydrazine appears as a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Less dense than water. Contact irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Very toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make photographic chemicals.

Colorless liquid with a fishy or ammonia-like odor; [NIOSH] Hygroscopic liquid; Fumes and gradually turns yellow in air; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS FUMING HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. TURNS YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQ

FISHY, AMMONIA ODOR

Characteristic ammoniacal odor of aliphatic hydrazines

177.8 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

81 °C @ 753 mm Hg

81 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Less than 23 °C (Closed cup)

Miscible with alcohol, ether, dimethylformamide, hydrocarbons

Miscible with water: 1X10+6 mg/l at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 100

0.8274 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8274 at 20 °C/4 °C

0.83 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.1

0.8274 @ 20°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.07

69.9 [mmHg]

69.9 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 9

75 [mm Hg] @26.4 °C

log Kow = -0.54 /Estimated/

-0.54 (estimated)

Henry's Law constant = 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrgen oxides/.

Corrosive to skin

Alkaline

The warning properties (irritation & odor) of the hydrazines are probably sufficient to prevent acute poisoning from short exposures. However, in view of the chronic toxicity properties, the warning properties should not be considered adequate for prolonged exposures. /Hydrazines/

Index of refraction: 1.4075 @ 20 °C/D

pKa = 7.9 /Estimated/

Extremely hygroscopic prisms, decomposition at 168 °C. /1,2-Dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride/

IN PRESENCE OF TRACES OF HEAVY METAL IONS, WHICH ACT AS CATALYSTS, CMPD IS RAPIDLY DEHYDROGENATED TO AZOMETHANE

CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L= 4.07 PPM; 1 PPM= 2.5 MG/CU M

Hygroscopic, mobile liquid.

Coriolis coupling

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Centrifugal distortion

Highly flammable. Fumes upon exposure to air. Soluble in water with evolution of heat.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Reducing Agents, Strong

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE dissolves, swells, and disintegrates many plastics (USCG, 1999). It is a strong reducing agent and may react with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive.

Miscible with water with much evolution of heat.

Contact of dicyanofurazan, or its N-oxide (dicyanofuroxan), with hydrazine, mono or dimethylhydrazine ... is instantaneously explosive.

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were available. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Overall evaluation: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into account that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is consistently mutagenic in a wide range of test systems and gives rise to a similar pattern of DNA damage in human and animal tissues in vitro.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

ATSDR Final

LC50 (rat) = 280 ppm/4hr

LD50 Mouse oral 36 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 100 mg/kg /from table/

LD50 Rat intravenous 175 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse intravenous 29 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Rats administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride also received water with 0.1% sodium barbiturate. Controls /were/ administered drug free water. Rats with sodium barbiturate supplemented water developed more intestinal tumors than did controls. /1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride/

Carbon disulfide inhibited symmetrical 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride induced neoplasia of large bowel in female CF1 mice. /1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride/

The effect on intestinal carcinogenesis of feeding a 20% wheat bran dietary supplement, either during and/or after the admin of carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, was examined in male rats fed defined diets for 31 wk. In the rats fed bran during carcinogen admin, tumor yield was significantly greater. Benign and malignant tumors incr by 3.4 fold, adenomas by 3.5 fold, and adenocarcinomas by 3.25 fold over the yield found in the group fed a fiber free diet. Consumption of wheat bran, after completion of carcinogen exposure, reduced the yield of benign adenomas by 71.4% when compared with the group fed the fiber free diet. Those rats fed a wheat bran supplement during carcinogen admin and then switched to a fiber free diet afterwards had the highest tumor yield, 4.5 times as many benign and malignant tumors as in those rats consistently fed the fiber free diet and greater than or equal to 6 times as many adenomas as any of the other dietary groups.

The antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and ascorbic acid, were tested for efficacy in prevention of exptl large bowel neoplasia. Carcinogenesis was induced in female CF-1 mice by admin 1,2-dimethylhydrazine 20 mg/kg orally for 24 weekly doses. Test animals received varying doses of ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole or both. Butylated hydroxyanisole was effective in prevention of large bowel neoplasms. Ascorbic acid demonstrated only a modest effect.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Specific treatment for exposure consists of thorough washing of all exposed skin areas with soap and water, copious irrigation of the eyes, and prompt removal of the patient from the source of exposure. /Hydrazines/

After inhalation, observation for progressive respiratory distress is necessary. Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases should be monitored. Administration of oxygen, intubation, and assisted ventilation may become necessary. Pneumonia and bronchitis need to be excluded. /Hydrazines/

Pyridoxine may be antidotal. ...Seizures should be controlled with diazepam, phenytoin, or phenobarbital. Blood sugar levels should be monitored for severe hypoglycemia, which may appear with or without preceding significant hyperglycemia. The patient should be observed for evidence of intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, and consequent deterioration of renal function. Patients who are symptomatic or who demonstrate a methemoglobin level greater than 30 per cent should be treated with methylene blue 1 to 2 mg per kg slowly IV every 4 hours as needed. Improvement is dramatic if diagnosis is correct. Liver function should be monitored because hydrazines are known hepatotoxins. /Hydrazines/

Elimination is enhanced by forced diuresis and acidification of the urine. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis should be effective, but insufficient human data exist on the use of these modalities. Treatment is otherwise symptomatic and supportive. /Hydrazines/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin; choking, chest pain and dyspnea; lethargy; nausea; anoxia; convulsions; liver injury. /1,1-Dimethylhydrazine/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Corrosive to skin!

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...As with /1,1-dimethylhydrazine/, convulsions are a predominating sign following gross overexposure. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is strongly alkaline, so it is considered highly corrosive and irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Effects of single intrarectal administration (25 mg/kg) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) on DNA synthesis and cyclic nucleotide metabolism were studied in rat colonic mucosa. DMH initially inhibited DNA synthesis (12 and 24 hr post instillation), at which time there were no detectable changes in tissue cAMP, cGMP, or cAMP dependent protein kinase. At 3 and 5 days after DMH, (3)H-thymidine incorporated into DNA was significantly increased. There was concurrent reduction in tissue cAMP content and state of activation of cytosolic protein kinase. cGMP levels did not change significantly.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /The effects of/ 1,2-DMH on embryo and larval stages of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis /were studied/. Concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 50, and 80 mg 1,2-DMH/l were used to determine an effective teratogenic level. Malformed embryos were 3, 4, 4, 5, 100 and 100%, respectively, at the dose levels tested in groups of 100 embryos. Embryo abnormalities included failure to elongate and tail kinks.

8.80e-04

4.10e-03

5.00e+00

5.50e+02

1.60e-01

Volatile

1.89e+05

8.80e-02

4.10e-01

1.80e-03

7.70e-03

2.80e-03

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to fish. Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine's limited production and use as a research chemical may result in its release to the environment in small quantities through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a measured vapor pressure of 69.9 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 3 hours. Reaction with atmospheric ozone may also be an important fate process. Although an estimated half-life is not available for the reaction of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine with ozone, half-lives ranging from 0.28 to 22 hours were estimated for monomethylhydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and tetramethylhydrazine. If released to soil, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility based on an estimated Koc of 25. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with an estimated pKa of 7.9, suggesting that it will partially exist in the protonated form in water and moist soils and the protonated form may adsorb to soils more than the free base. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur for the protonated species since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization may occur for the neutral species based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine from dry soils may exist based on the vapor pressure of this compound. No soil degradation data for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were located; however, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine was degraded 0, 11, 11, and 50% in cleaned sand (100% sand), sandy soil, organic soil, and clay soil, respectively in a 1 hour soil column study. If released to water, the neutral species of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based on the estimated Koc value; however, the protonated form may have greater adsorption. The protonated form will not volatilize, but the free base may volatilize based on the estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives from a model river and model lake were 4 and 40 days, respectively for the free base. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine reacts directly with oxygen in water and is considered labile in water containing oxygen; the half-life for this reaction in water was estimated to be less than 10 days. In the presence of traces of metal ions commonly found in natural waters, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is rapidly dehydrogenated to azomethane. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at workplaces where 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is produced or used. Since only limited quantities of this chemical are used, the general population is unlikely to be exposed to 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine. (SRC)

/Symmetrical dimethylhydrazine/ has not been reported to occur as such in nature.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine's limited production and use as a research chemical(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 25(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with an estimated pKa of 7.9(SRC), which was calculated using a method based on perturbed molecular orbital theory and linear free energy relations(3). This pKa value indicates that this compound will partially exist as a cation in moist soils, and cations may adsorb to soil more than neutral compounds(SRC). Volatilization of the protonated species from moist soils will not occur since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization of the free base may occur, based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure, 69.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). Volatilization from dry soils may occur based on the vapor pressure of this compound(4). No data exists regarding the degradation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in soils(SRC); however, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine was shown to degrade in soils through a combination of biotic and abiotic processes(6). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine was degraded 0, 11, 11, and 50% in cleaned sand (100% sand), Vandenburg Air Force Base soil (99.1% sand, 0.4% clay, pH 6.1), organic soil (96% sand, 1% clay, 1% carbon, pH 6.4), and clay (69.3% sand, 27.95% clay, pH 3.7), respectively(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 25(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with an estimated pKa of 7.9(SRC) which was calculated with a method based on perturbed molecular orbital theory and linear free energy relations(3). This pKa value indicates that this compound will partially exist as a cation in water, and cations may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment more than neutral compounds(SRC). Volatilization of the protonated species will not occur since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization of the free base may occur(4), based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure, 69.9 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(6). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 40 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.54(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine reacts directly with oxygen in water and is considered labile in water containing oxygen(10); the half-life for this reaction in water was estimated to be less than 10 days(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 69.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.3X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Reaction with atmospheric ozone is also expected to be significant. Although an estimated ozone half-life is not available for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, half-lives ranging from 0.28 to 22 hrs can be estimated from measured rate constants for monomethylhydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and tetramethylhydrazine(4).

No data were located regarding the biodegradation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, but limited data on similar compounds suggests biodegradation may occur at low concentrations(SRC). Contaminated wastewater from the NASA Kennedy Space station was studied in batch cultures and trickle bed reactors to monitor the degradation rates of hydrazine containing rocket fuels(1,2). The half-life of methylhydrazine in batch cultures (Rhodococcus B30 or Achromobacter sp.) and trickle bed reactors was about 2.5 and 12 days, respectively(1). Biodegradation may be a significant removal process at low concentrations in soils or ambient waters, but at higher concentrations hydrazines are toxic to microorganisms(2). Concentrations of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine that reduced bacterial metabolism by 50% ranged from 14.6 to 145 mg/L and from 19.2 to 9,060 mg/L, respectively(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.3X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine with ozone is not available; however, rate constants measured for structurally similar methylhydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and tetramethylhydrazine correspond to atmospheric half-lives ranging from 0.28 to 21.7 hrs(2). Aqueous hydrolysis and direct photolysis are not important environmental fate processes for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(3), but it may react with oxidants in water such as singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals, or trace metals found in natural waters or soils that catalyze the decomposition of hydrazines(4,5) 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine reacts directly with oxygen in water and is considered labile in water containing oxygen(3); the half-life for this reaction in water was estimated to be less than 10 days(SRC). In the presence of traces of heavy metal ions (which act as catalysts), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is rapidly dehydrogenated to azomethane(4). The estimated half lives of the isomer 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, initially present in pond water at 6.5 and 13.1 mM, are 16.3 and 22.2 days, respectively, and in sea water at the same concentrations are both 12.6 days(5).

An estimated BCF value of 3 was calculated for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine can be estimated to be 25(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is estimated as 7.9(SRC), using a method based on perturbed molecular orbital theory and linear free energy relations(3). This pKa value indicates that this compound will partially exist as a cation in moist soils and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than the corresponding free base(4).

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with an estimated pKa of 7.9(SRC), which was calculated using a method based on perturbed molecular orbital theory and linear free energy relations(1). This value indicates that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine will partially exist as a cation in water and moist soil surfaces and cations do not volatilize. The Henry's Law constant for the free base of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is estimated as 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 69.9 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 4 days (SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 40 days(SRC). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine's Henry's Law constant indicates that the free base of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine may volatilize from moist soil surfaces(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on its vapor pressure(2).

Only small quantities of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, primarily as a research chemical, are produced(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is produced or used(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U099, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; for solids, hours. Also a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine [Table#4760]

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2382; Dimethylhydrazine, symmetrical

IMO 3.1; Dimethylhydrazine, symmetrical

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Note: E

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-23/24/25-51/53; S: 53-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I