3-chloropropionitrile

H300 (93.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (10.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (10.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (79.2%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 48 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure.

Note: Propionitrile, 3-chloro- is very readily absorbed through the skin.

Signs and Symptoms of Propionitrile, 3-Chloro- Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to propionitrile, 3-chloro may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Propionitrile, 3-chloro- is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to propionitrile, 3-chloro- exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to propionitrile, 3-chloro-.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress. Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with propionitrile, 3-chloro- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

3. Rush to a health care facility.

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to propionitrile, 3-chloro-.

4. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress. Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with propionitrile, 3-chloro- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

2. Rush to a health care facility.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Propionitrile) Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Alcohol foam is recommended, but water spray can be used because the material can be cooled below its flash point. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 3276 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

... SHOULD BE HANDLED WITH CAUTION & ALL EXPOSED PERSONS CLOSELY FOLLOWED MEDICALLY.

(Non-Specific -- Propionitrile) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Absorb small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material. Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind. (EPA, 1998)

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.030 [mg/m3]

0.33 [mg/m3]

2.0 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Cyanides/

Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Cyanides/

The following equipment should be available: Eyewash, quick drench. /Cyanides/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator. Any self-contained breathing apparatus. /Cyanides/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3-CHLOROPROPANONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Propionitrile, 3-chloro- is a colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor. Used in pharmaceutical and polymer synthesis. (EPA, 1998)

Colorless liquid; [Hawley]

COLORLESS LIQ

ACRID CHARACTERISTIC ODOR

347 to 349 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

175-176 °C

176 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-60 °F (EPA, 1998)

168 °F (EPA, 1998)

168 °F (CLOSED CUP)

MISCIBLE WITH ACETONE, BENZENE, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, ALC, ETHER

Water solubility: 4.5 g/100 ml at 25 °C

Solubility of water in beta-chloropropionitrile: 2.2 ml/100 g at 25 °C.

1.1573 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1573 @ 20 °C

1.1363 @25 °C

3 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5 mmHg at 114.8 °F (EPA, 1998)

2.77 [mmHg]

5 MM HG @ 46 °C

2.5 [mm Hg] @25 °C

BEGINS TO DECOMP WHEN HEATED ABOVE 130 °C EVOLVING HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4341 @ 25 °C/D

Schoenflies notation

Chemical bond

Fusion temperature

Internuclear distance

Melting temperature

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Phase transition

Point group

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Rotational excitation cross section

Transition enthalpy

Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitriles

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Nitriles

Toxic gas (hydrogen chloride) is released when the compound is heated above 266 F. When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of chlorine- containing compounds and nitrogen oxides. Avoid heat. [EPA, 1998].

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

/Experimental Therapy:/ An approach to antidote therapy for cyanide poisoning by using Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution was investigated. Rats injected with an LD100 intravenous dose of cyanide were treated with Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution equal to 1.5% of their total body hemoglobin. There was a highly significant increase in the survival rate of the treated group compared to saline controls. The potential advantages of Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution over current antidotes include an immediate onset of action, rapid elimination of cyanide from the body and a mode of action that doesn't compromise any of the patients' oxygen carrying capacity. Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution shows promise as a significant adjunct in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.

Initial medical examination /should include/: a complete history and physical examination ... to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at incr risk & to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. ... Examination of cardiovascular, nervous, & upper resp systems, & thyroid should be stressed. The skin should be exam for evidence of chronic disorders. ... The aforementioned medical exam should be repeated on an annual basis. ... /Cyanides/

Pre-placement and periodic examinations should include the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, liver and kidney function, blood, history of fainting and dizzy spells. Blood cyanide levels may be useful during acute intoxication. Urinary thiocyanate levels have been used but are nonspecific and are elevated in smokers. /Cyanides/

READILY PENETRATES SKIN TO PRODUCE SYSTEMIC CYANIDE POISONING, DEATH.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1) MASSIVE DOSES MAY PRODUCE, WITHOUT WARNING, SUDDEN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS & PROMPT DEATH FROM RESP ARREST. WITH SMALLER BUT STILL LETHAL DOSES, ILLNESS MAY BE PROLONGED FOR 1 OR MORE HOURS. 2) UPON INGESTION, BITTER ... BURNING TASTE IS SOMETIMES NOTED, FOLLOWED BY FEELING OF CONSTRICTION OR NUMBNESS IN THROAT. SALIVATION & NAUSEA ARE NOT UNUSUAL, BUT VOMITING RARELY OCCURS ... . 3) ANXIETY, CONFUSION, VERTIGO, GIDDINESS & OTHER SENSATION OF STIFFNESS IN LOWER JAW. 4) HYPERPNEA & DYSPNEA. 5) ODOR OF BITTER ALMONDS MAY BE NOTED ON BREATH OR VOMITUS ... . 6) IN EARLY PHASES OF POISONING, INCR IN VASOCONSTRICTOR TONE CAUSES RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE & REFLEX SLOWING OF HEART RATE. THEREAFTER PULSE BECOMES WEAK AND SOMETIMES IRREGULAR. 6) ... SENSATION OF CONSTRICTION IN CHEST. 7) UNCONSCIOUSNESS, FOLLOWED PROMPTLY BY VIOLENT CONVULSIONS, EPILEPTIFORM OR TONIC ... OPISTHOTONOS & TRISMUS MAY DEVELOP. INVOLUNTARY MICTURITION & DEFECATION OCCUR. 8) PARALYSIS, ... SKIN IS COVERED WITH SWEAT. EYEBALLS PROTRUDE & PUPILS ARE DILATED & UNREACTIVE. MOUTH IS COVERED WITH FOAM WHICH IS SOMETIMES BLOOD-STAINED. SKIN COLOR MAY BE BRICK-RED. CYANOSIS IS NOT PROMINENT IN SPITE OF WEAK & IRREGULAR GASPING. /CYANIDE/

TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION & SKIN CONTACT.

Chloropropanes and chloropropenes cause contact dermatitis, headaches, vertigo, tearing, irritation of mucous membranes, and when ingested, liver damage in humans. /Chloropropanes and chloropropenes/

SYMPTOMS ARE THOSE OF DEEP ANESTHESIA WITH NO DEMONSTRABLE PATHOLOGY.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.