Diisopentyl ether

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H317 (64.5%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331 (64.5%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (64.5%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 293 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Used ether containers, which are suspected of containing ether crystals or solids, are especially hazardous and may require bomb-squad assistance for their disposal. /Short alkyl-chain ethers/

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping. /Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether/

Colorless liquid with a fruity odor; [Merck Index]

COLORLESS LIQUID

PLEASANT, FRUITY ODOR

172.5 °C

MISCIBLE WITH ALCOHOL, CHLOROFORM, ETHER

Water solubility of 200 mg/l

Very soluble in acetone, chloroform, ethyl ether

0.7777 @ 12 °C/4 °C

1.4 [mmHg]

1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Log Kow = 4.25

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4085 @ 20 °C/D

Boiling point

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Heat of sublimation

Magnetic susceptibility

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Surface tension

Thermal expansion coefficient

Vapor pressure

Vapor-liquid equilibrium

Viscosity

Solvents -> Ethers (<C12)

alpha-Hydroperoxy ethers are obtained readily from the autoxidation of most ethers /including di-isoamyl ether/ containing alpha-hydrogens. From certain ethers ... the initially formed alpha-hydroperoxy ethers can ... with acid treatment, form dangerously sensitive and explosive polymeric peroxides.

Isoamyl ether

D: Other compounds that may form peroxides

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

Di-iso-amyl ether's use as a solvent, in the manufacture of lacquers, and in regenerating rubber may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that di-iso-amyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase di-iso-amyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum. If released to soil, di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 120. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Di-iso-amyl ether is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge seed, indicating biodegradation may be an important fate process in both soil and water. If released into water, di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces may be an important fate process based on this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.4 hours and 5.2 days, respectively. BCFs ranging from 84 to 313 in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high. Di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to di-iso-amyl ether may occur through handling and use of consumer lacquer producats, inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where di-iso-amyl ether is used. (SRC)

Di-iso-amyl ether's production and use as a solvent, in the manufacture of lacquers, and in regenerating rubber(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC),determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(4). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based on this compound's vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation of di-iso-amyl ether in soil may be important(SRC), based upon its biodegradation in an aqueous screening study(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether may volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.4 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs ranging from 84 to 313 in carp(6), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(6); 0% BOD was reached in a 5-day BOD study using a sewage inoculum(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), di-iso-amyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase di-iso-amyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(3,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(4).

Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(1). 0% biological oxygen demand was measured for di-iso-amyl ether in aqueous screening tests which used sewage inocula for 5 days(2). Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of di-iso-amyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(2). Di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).

BCFs of 117 to 313 and 84 to 260 were measured for di-iso-amyl ether in carp at chemical concentrations of 60 and 6 ug/l, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for di-iso-amyl ether can be estimated to be about 120(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for di-iso-amyl ether is estimated as 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 4.4 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 5.2 days(2,SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1).

Occupational exposure to di-iso-amyl ether may occur through handling and use of consumer lacquer producats, inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where di-iso-amyl ether is used. (SRC)

Di-iso-amyl ether's use as a solvent, in the manufacture of lacquers, and in regenerating rubber may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that di-iso-amyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase di-iso-amyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum. If released to soil, di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 120. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Di-iso-amyl ether is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge seed, indicating biodegradation may be an important fate process in both soil and water. If released into water, di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces may be an important fate process based on this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.4 hours and 5.2 days, respectively. BCFs ranging from 84 to 313 in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high. Di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to di-iso-amyl ether may occur through handling and use of consumer lacquer producats, inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where di-iso-amyl ether is used. (SRC)

Di-iso-amyl ether's production and use as a solvent, in the manufacture of lacquers, and in regenerating rubber(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC),determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(4). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based on this compound's vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation of di-iso-amyl ether in soil may be important(SRC), based upon its biodegradation in an aqueous screening study(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether may volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.4 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs ranging from 84 to 313 in carp(6), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(6); 0% BOD was reached in a 5-day BOD study using a sewage inoculum(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), di-iso-amyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase di-iso-amyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(3,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(4).

Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(1). 0% biological oxygen demand was measured for di-iso-amyl ether in aqueous screening tests which used sewage inocula for 5 days(2). Di-iso-amyl ether reached 8% of its theoretical BOD over 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of di-iso-amyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(2). Di-iso-amyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).

BCFs of 117 to 313 and 84 to 260 were measured for di-iso-amyl ether in carp at chemical concentrations of 60 and 6 ug/l, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for di-iso-amyl ether can be estimated to be about 120(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for di-iso-amyl ether is estimated as 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 200 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that di-iso-amyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 4.4 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 5.2 days(2,SRC). Di-iso-amyl ether's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Volatilization of di-iso-amyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1).

Occupational exposure to di-iso-amyl ether may occur through handling and use of consumer lacquer producats, inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where di-iso-amyl ether is used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Used ether containers, which are suspected of containing ether crystals or solids, are especially hazardous and may require bomb-squad assistance for their disposal. /Short alkyl-chain ethers/

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping. /Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether/