Fenthion

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (14.3%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (85.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (10.7%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (83.9%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (96.4%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 56 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS ARE EXTREMELY TOXIC AND FAST-ACTING POISONS. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital of poison control center and transport the victim to a hospital. Atropine is an antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors but should only be administered by properly trained personnel. In the absence of this option and if the victim is conscious and not convulsing, it may be worth considering the risk of inducing vomiting, even though the induction of vomiting is not usually recommended outside of a physician's care. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used to induce vomiting in such an emergency. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this material can be cntrolled with a dry chemical. carbon dioxide, foam or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide for small fires. Water spray, foam for large fires. /Malathion/

AREA SURROUNDING FIRE SHOULD BE DIKED TO PREVENT WATER RUNOFF. /MALATHION/

WEAR SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (OR RESPIRATOR FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES) AND RUBBER CLOTHING WHILE FIGHTING FIRES OF MALATHION WITH CHLORINE BLEACH SOLN. ALL CLOTHING CONTAMINATED BY FUMES AND VAPORS MUST BE DECONTAMINATED. /MALATHION/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Malathion/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, protective gloves and filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 2. COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL. /MALATHION/

Environmental consideration: Landspill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding areato contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Malathion/

Environmental consideration: Water spill: If dissolved ... apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount /in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration/. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges, or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Malathion/

Spills of malathion on floors shall be absorbed with absorbing clay. Sweeping compound may be utilized to facilitate the removal of all visible traces of malathion contaminated clay. Equipment and fixtures contaminated with malathion shall be decontaminated with an alkaline solution (5% sodium hydroxide). /Malathion/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Hydrolysis & landfill: Mix fenthion with excess CaO /calcium oxide/ or NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ and sand or other adsorbent in a pit or trench at least 0.5 m deep in a clay soil. NaOH (or Na2CO3) /sodium carbonate/ can also be added to the mixture to help speed the reactions when CaO is used as the main alkali. The amt of CaO or NaOH to use depends on the amt of pesticide to be disposed of and, to some extent, the concentration of active ingredient in the pesticide and the actual chemical nature of the active ingredient. A practical guideline, in the absence of specific directions, is to use an approx volume or weight of alkali from one-half of to the same as that of the pesticide. For dilute formulations, such as a 1% soln or dust, the amount of CaO of NaOH can be reduced by one-half. For very concentrated pesticides (over 80% active ingredient) the amount of CaO or NaOH can be doubled, but the concentrate should be mixed first with water (or soapy water) before reaction with the alkali. For safety, a preliminary test should be made in which very small amt of the pesticide and alkali are mixed and observed briefly to make sure it does not react too vigorously. Sizable quantities of pesticides can be disposed of in several smaller batches, rather than all at once, for added safety. 50% hydrolysis at 80 °C in acid medium requires 36 hr, or 95 min in alkaline medium. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

MALATHION MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY ABSORBING IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL ... & /DISPOSING OF SO AS TO MEET LOCAL, STATE, & FEDERAL REGULATIONS/. /MALATHION/

Incineration together with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber is recommended. /Malathion/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Malathion: Biological treatment and reverse osmosis. /Malathion/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in original container, preferably in a locked area, away from children, food, feed.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.2 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.15 [mg/m3]

5.9 [mg/m3]

35 [mg/m3]

0.2 mg/m³

See Appendix D

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction and vapor), skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

0.05 mg/m

0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2005]

(inhalable fraction): 0.2 mg/m

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

Cholinesterase inhibition. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide fenthion (O,O-dimethyl O-[4-(methylthio)-m-toyl] phosphorothioate) and its cholinesterase-inhibiting metabolites in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: alfalfa, 5 ppm; alfalfa (hay), 18 ppm; cattle (fat, meat, and mbyp), 0.1 ppm; grass, 5 ppm; grass (hay), 18 ppm; hogs (fat, meat, and mbyp), 0.1 ppm; milk, 0.01 ppm (negligible residue); poultry (fat, meat, and mbyp), 0.1 ppm; rice, 0.1 ppm; and rice (straw), 0.5 ppm.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Fenthion:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear full protective clothing, including gloves and facemask.

Employees should be provided with and required to use ... face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated, or prolonged skin contact with malathion. /Malathion/

Any employee whose work involves likely exposure of the skin to malathion or malathion formulations, eg, mixing or formulating, shall wear full body coveralls, or the equivalent, impervious gloves, and footwear. When there is danger of malathion coming in contact with the eyes, safety goggles shall be provided and worn. /Malathion/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Important additional information about respirator selection

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Fenthion is a yellow to tan oily liquid with a slight odor of garlic. (NTP, 1992)

Colorless to brown liquid with a slight, garlic-like odor. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OILY LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. PALE YELLOWISH BRONZE LUMPS WITH METALLIC LUSTRE.

Colorless to brown liquid with a slight, garlic-like odor.

Colorless to brown liquid with a slight, garlic-like odor. [insecticide]

COLORLESS LIQUID

Colorless to brown liquid.

Slight garlic odor

Slight, garlic-like odor.

189 °F at 0.01 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

87 °C AT 0.01 MM HG

Bp: 105 °C @ 0.01 mm Hg /Commercial product/

43 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Insoluble (<1 mg/ml at 72.5 °F) (NTP, 1992)

READILY SOL IN GLYCERIDE OILS

SOL IN METHANOL, ETHANOL, ETHER, ACETONE, & MANY ORGANIC SOLVENTS, ESPECIALLY CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS

Slightly sol in petroleum ether

Solubility (20 °C): 2 mg/kg water; >1 kg/kg dichloromethane, propan-2-ol.

For more Solubility (Complete) data for FENTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.0075 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water at 20 °C: none

1.25 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.250 AT 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.25

1.25 @25 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.6

3e-05 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00003 [mmHg]

4 mPa at 20 °C; 10 mPa at 30 °C

Vapor pressure at 25 °C: negligible

0.0003 mmHg

log Kow= 4.091

3.17-4.8

STABLE TO LIGHT

THERMALLY STABLE UP TO 210 °C

Stable under normal use conditions. ... Subject to hydrolysis.

50% hydrolysis at 80 °C in acid medium requires 36 hr, or 95 min in alkaline medium.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /phosphorus oxides and sulfur oxides/.

NON-CORROSIVE

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5698 AT 20 °C/D

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Sulfides, Organic

FENTHION may react with strong reducing agents such as hydrides to generate highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

... incompatible with /insecticides and fungicides/ which are highly alkaline.

Oxidizers.

Oxidizers

Fenthion is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Fenthion

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group E Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity for Humans

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

TR-103: Bioassay of Fenthion for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 55-38-9) (1979 )

10/25/78

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, fenthion was not carcinogenic for male or female F344 rats or for female B6C3F1 mice. The increased incidence of sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, and especially rhabdomyosarcomas of the integumentary system in the male B6C3F1 mice suggested that the test chemical was carcinogenic in these animals.

Spraying and application of nonarsenical insecticides entail exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L1681

Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Sweating. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation. Pupillary constriction. Muscle cramps. Excessive salivation.

nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), chest tightness; blurred vision, miosis; cardiac irregularities; muscle fasciculation; dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

The symptoms after inhalation and skin contact are: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation, laboured breathing, convulsions, unconsciousness. The same symptoms occur after ingestion, with additionally abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. In case of eye contact, blurred vision occurs. (L1681)

respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, plasma cholinesterase

Chemical: FENTHION

Other Poison - Organophosphate

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

Children

General Population

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides - 2021 Update

LD50: 330 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (L1682)

LD50: 190 to 615 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L1682)

LD50 Rat male oral 190-315 mg/kg

LD50 Rat female oral 245-615 mg/kg

LD50 Rat percutaneous 330-500 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 330 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 150 mg/kg

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

The equitoxic coadministration of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate and fenthion resulted in only a 1.6 fold potentiation compared to the expected /acute oral/ LD50 /of the methyl carbamate/. However, 1 hr oral pretreatment with 3 (1/100 LD50), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg of fenthion resulted in 5, 9, 12, and 15 fold potentiation of the acute oral toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate, respectively. These fenthion pretreatments caused significant incr in the 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate plasma concn and in the area under the concentration-time curve. These results suggested that fenthion pretreatment caused the potentiation of the acute toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate partially by the inhibition of detoxication of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate.

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCETS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE (HEPARINIZED) FOR CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF PRALIDOXIME, WHICH TENDS TO REVERSE THE CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION. 4. ADMIN PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING ... IN WHICH RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0-2.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.2 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE (UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-50 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE ... MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR THEN @ 10-12 HR INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE ... MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (MALLARD DUCK) MALE ORAL 5.94 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 4.28-8.23 MG/KG) 4 MO OLD /SAMPLE 90% PURE/

LD50 PHASIANUS COLCHICUS (PHEASANT) FEMALE ORAL 17.8 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 9.33-34 MG/KG) 7-22 MO OLD /SAMPLE 99% PURE/

LD50 ALECTORIS CHUKAR (CHUKAR) ORAL 25.9 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 15.8-42.7 MG/KG) 3 MO OLD /SAMPLE 90% PURE/

LD50 COTURNIX JAPONICA (JAPANESE QUAIL) FEMALE ORAL 10.6 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 8.41-13.3 MG/KG) 3 MO OLD /SAMPLE 99% PURE/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FENTHION (38 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Fenthion's use as an insecticide releases the compound directly to the environment through applications in sprays, dusts and other application mechanisms. If released to the atmosphere, fenthion will degrade rapidly in the vapor-phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life of about 5 hr). When released to soil or water, fenthion will degrade through photodegradation and biodegradation; in the presence of sunlight, photodegradation will likely dominate. The persistence half life of fenthion in water under field conditions has been reported to range from 2.9 to 21.1 days for various ocean, river, swamp, lake and canal waters. However, it may be more persistent in some environments, such as salt marsh sediments (below several mm deep), where light and oxygen are limited. The US Dept of Agric's Pesticide Properties Database lists a soil half-life of 34 days for fenthion. Fenthion is expected to have very low soil mobility. Occupational exposure to fenthion occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of dust and sprays, especially to workers applying the compound as an insecticide. Since fenthion has been detected in American foods, exposure to the general population may occur through consumption of foods containing fenthion residues. (SRC)

Fenthion's use as an insecticide(1-2) releases the compound directly to the environment through applications in sprays, dusts and other application mechanisms(SRC). For mosquito control, fenthion is often applied as a thermal fog by aircraft(3); aerial drift can deposit aerial applications to surrounding areas(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Biodegradation and photooxidation are expected to be important degradation processes in the terrestrial environment. Laboratory studies have shown that fenthion undergoes a photosensitized oxidation on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight (probably via singlet oxygen) with the formation of fenthion sulfoxide(1), and that the conversion rate is sufficiently rapid to make photooxidation an important transformation pathway(1). Biodegradation screening studies have demonstrated that fenthion can biodegrade under environmental conditions(2-4). The US Dept of Agric's Pesticide Properties Database reports a soil half-life of 34 days for fenthion(5). Based upon a Koc of 1500(5), fenthion is expected to have very low mobility in soil(6,SRC). In plants, fenthion oxidizes to the sulfoxide and sulfone which are both highly insecticidal(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Various screening studies have shown that fenthion can degrade via photodegradation and biodegradation in the aquatic environment(1-3). Photodegradation is the dominant transformation pathway when sunlight exposure is present(1-3); degradation rates can increase by as much as 3 to 8-fold in sunlight as compared to dark conditions(2). The persistence half life of fenthion in water under field conditions has been reported to range from 2.9 to 21.1 days for various ocean, river, swamp, lake and canal waters(1,4). However, it may be more persistent in some environments, such as salt marsh sediments (below several mm deep), where light and oxygen are limited(2-3). Aqueous hydrolysis is usually too slow to have any environmental importance(1); at 23.5 °C, the hydrolysis half-life is approximately 101 days in distilled water and 69 days in salt water(1). One screening study measured a BCF of 16,600 in guppies (extractable lipid basis)(5) which indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be somewhat important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a reported vapor pressure of 3X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), fenthion can exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere, although the vapor phase can be expected to dominate(2,SRC). It will degrade rapidly in the vapor phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 5 hr(3,SRC). Particulate phase fenthion and aerosols released to air during spray applications of fenthion insecticide will be removed from air physically by dry and wet deposition(SRC).

The effects of some potential chemical, photochemical, biological and environmental conditions upon the degradation of fenthion in laboratory and field experiments were investigated. The effects of biological activity on the degradation of fenthion were examined with mangrove swamp water in a dark bottle. Photolytic degradation was observed with mangrove water that was sterilized by the addition of mercuric chloride to 40 ppm and exposed to natural sunlight for the field study. Different natural waters (ocean, inlet, estuarine, mangrove swamp, freshwater lake, and canal) were collected and incubated in the pond for studying the fenthion disappearance rate in different types of water bodies. The stability of fenthion under acidic and alkaline conditions was observed for hydrolytic degradation. A comparison of the biological degradation by aquatic microorganisms against that of chemical degradation by pH adjustment was also investigated. The results show that fenthion remains relatively stable under acidic to neutral conditions. Under alkaline conditions fenthion still remains stable up to pH 11. Higher salinity resulted in a shorter half-life. Fenthion was found to be susceptible to biological degradation by anaerobic or non-photolytic organisms. In natural waters, the degradation of fenthion was related to the biological activity of each water sample. Mangrove water exhibited the lowest half-life (2.9 days) while the ocean water showed the longest half-life (21.1 days).

In a laboratory die-away study in natural water, the half-life of fenthion was 46.9 days under dark, sterile conditions and 19.7 days under dark, nonsterile conditions(1); with sunlight exposure, the half-lives were 10.9 days in sterile conditions and 2.9 in nonsterile conditions(1); this suggests an important biological route of degradation(1). In shake-flask screening studies using water and sediment from a salt marsh environment, fenthion degraded more rapidly in nonsterile conditions as compared to sterile conditions(2); although degradation rates in water-only tests were small, degradation in water sediment tests indicated that fenthion was degrading at least several times faster in the nonsterile conditions(2); a temperature increase of 8 °C increased the biodegradation rates by a factor of 2.5(2). The biodegradation of fenthion was studied in a laboratory microcosm simulating a salt marsh environment(3); a half-life of 35.5 hr was observed in the water column under nonsterile conditions(3); under formalin-sterilized conditions, the half-life increased to 105 hr suggesting a biological route of degradation(3).

TRANSFORMATION OF FENTHION TO ITS SULFOXIDE & SULFONE ... EVEN OCCURS UPON ORDINARY EXPOSURE ... TO ATMOSPHERE & SUNLIGHT & IS APPARENTLY FUNCTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY. THERE IS PROBABILITY THAT FENTHION IS CONVERTED TO OXIDATION PRODUCTS ON LEAF SURFACES BEFORE ABSORPTION & METABOLISM BY PLANT.

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of fenthion with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 7.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). In laboratory tests, fenthion was found to undergo a photosensitized degradation on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight with the formation of fenthion sulfoxide(2); it was postulated that singlet oxygen was the probable oxidant forming the sulfoxide, although other sensitized oxidation pathways were possible(2); the photosensitized loss from 4 different soils over a May 8, 1984 to May 11, 1984 exposure to sunlight ranged from 25-53%(2).

The hydrolytic half-life of fenthion in distilled buffered water at 23.5 °C was experimentally determined to range from 116.5 days at pH 3 to 101.7 days at pH 9(1); at pH 11 the half-life decreases to 14.4 days(1). The hydrolytic half-life of fenthion was found to decrease with increasing salinity(1); with no salinity, the half-life was 101.7 days, but it decreased to 69.3 days as the salinity was increased to 0.04 ppb(1). Photodegradation was found to be an important degradation process in natural water(1); in a sterile natural water, the half-life was 46.9 days under dark conditions and 10.9 under sunlight exposure(1); in a nonsterile natural water, the half-life was 19.7 days under dark conditions and 2.9 under sunlight exposure(1). In sterile and nonsterile seawater studies, the half-life was approximately 3 to 8 faster under sunlight or fluorescent light than under dark conditions(2). Photolysis of thin films of fenthion via sunlight yielded O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate and O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate as the major photodegradation products(3).

Using a flow-through system and up to 11 days of exposure, a mean BCF of 16,600 (extractable lipid basis) was measured in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)(1). Based upon a measured Log Kow of 4.09(2) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(3), the BCF of fenthion can be estimated to be 760 and 200, respectively, from regression derived equations(4,SRC). These measured and estimated BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may have some environmental importance(SRC). A fenthion BCF of 62 was measured in tadpoles after a 96 hr exposure period in a flow-through system(5).

Based upon a measured log Kow of 4.09(1) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(2), the Koc of fenthion can be estimated to be 4000 and 1400, respectively, from regression derived equations(3,SRC). The US Dept Agric's Pesticide Properties Database lists a Koc value of 1500 for fenthion(4). According to a suggested classification scheme(5), these estimated Koc values suggest that fenthion is only slightly mobile in soil(SRC).

Based upon a vapor pressure of 3X10(-5) mm Hg(1) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for fenthion can be estimated to be 1.46X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1,SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates slow volatilization from water(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 42 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond can be estimated to be about 455 days if the effect of adsorption to sediment is ignored(3,SRC); if the maximum effect of adsorption to sediment is included, the estimated volatilization half-life from the pond exceeds five years(3,SRC). It has been estimated that the vapor loss of fenthion applied to a loam soil at 25 °C, with an annual rainfall of 150 cm, would be roughly 0.2 to 3.0 kg/hectare/yr(5).

Fenthion was detected in the water from the area where dead birds were found. Residue levels in the water were 16 ug/l 2 days after the area had been sprayed with the recommended level for mosquito control of 0.11 kg fenthion/ha. It is calculated that this application rate would produce a concn of 147 ug/l in water 15 cm deep.

GROUND WATER: Fenthion was not detected (detection limit of 5.0 ppb) in ground water samples collected from 54 wells used for municipal and private water supplies in California(1).

Virgin olive oil samples collected during two sampling periods between 1988 and 1990 in Greece, contained mean fenthion concns of 0.216 and 0.256 mg/kg(1); 50-79% of the 630 samples had detectable (detection limit of 0.005 mg/kg) fenthion residues(1); in addition to fenthion, the metabolites fenthion sulfoxide and the oxygen analogue (P=O) of fenthion were detected(1). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, fenthion was not detected in any sample at a detection limit of 0.200 ppm(2). As part of the FDA's Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) of the American diet for fiscal year 1978, fenthion was detected in only one food composite for the infant and toddler age classes(3); the concn was reported as a trace (detection limit not given)(3); no fenthion was detected (detection limit not given) for fiscal years 1979-1982(4).

Fenthion has been detected, by FDA's pesticide residue monitoring program, in American foods during fiscal years 1983-1990(1-3); however, the concns and the frequencies of occurrence were not reported(1-3).

Following dermal application of (32)P fenthion /to cows/ at the rate of 9 mg/kg, ... 1.5-2.0% /primarily in the form of water-soluble hydrolysis products/ was recovered in the milk.

LACTATING JERSEY COWS WERE FED DIETS CONTAINING FENTHION. MILK CONTAINED TRACES OF FENTHION & SMALL AMOUNTS OF FENTHION SULFOXIDE & SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF OXYGEN ANALOG. SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF FENTHION & ITS OXYGEN ANALOG WERE FOUND IN URINE.

Occupational exposure to fenthion occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of dust and sprays, especially to workers applying the compound as an insecticide(1). Occupational exposure to fenthion is reported to occur in workers in CA who handle flea control products(2). Since fenthion has been detected in American foods(3-4), exposure to the general population may occur through consumption of foods containing fenthion residues(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,030 workers are potentially exposed to fenthion in the USA(1).

Based upon an avg olive oil concn of 0.236 mg fenthion/kg olive oil(1) and an estimated consumption of 20 kg olive oil/yr for people in Greece(1), the daily dietary exposure has been estimated to be 0.0002 mg/kg body weight(1). Based upon monitoring in FDA's Total Diet Study for fiscal year 1978, the avdi for US toddlers was estimated to be <0.001 ug/kg body weight/day(2); in fiscal years 1979-82, fenthion was not detected in infant and toddler food composites so the estimated avdi was 0.0(2).

Hydrolysis & landfill: Mix fenthion with excess CaO /calcium oxide/ or NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ and sand or other adsorbent in a pit or trench at least 0.5 m deep in a clay soil. NaOH (or Na2CO3) /sodium carbonate/ can also be added to the mixture to help speed the reactions when CaO is used as the main alkali. The amt of CaO or NaOH to use depends on the amt of pesticide to be disposed of and, to some extent, the concentration of active ingredient in the pesticide and the actual chemical nature of the active ingredient. A practical guideline, in the absence of specific directions, is to use an approx volume or weight of alkali from one-half of to the same as that of the pesticide. For dilute formulations, such as a 1% soln or dust, the amount of CaO of NaOH can be reduced by one-half. For very concentrated pesticides (over 80% active ingredient) the amount of CaO or NaOH can be doubled, but the concentrate should be mixed first with water (or soapy water) before reaction with the alkali. For safety, a preliminary test should be made in which very small amt of the pesticide and alkali are mixed and observed briefly to make sure it does not react too vigorously. Sizable quantities of pesticides can be disposed of in several smaller batches, rather than all at once, for added safety. 50% hydrolysis at 80 °C in acid medium requires 36 hr, or 95 min in alkaline medium. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

MALATHION MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY ABSORBING IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL ... & /DISPOSING OF SO AS TO MEET LOCAL, STATE, & FEDERAL REGULATIONS/. /MALATHION/

Incineration together with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber is recommended. /Malathion/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Malathion: Biological treatment and reverse osmosis. /Malathion/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for FENTHION (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C or more

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for FENTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 21/22-23-48/25-50/53-68; S: (1/2)-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III