coumaphos

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (45.9%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (54.1%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 148 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. NO mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Note: Coumaphos is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Coumaphos Exposure: Acute exposure to coumaphos may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Hypotension (low blood pressure) and chest pain may be noted. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory effects include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to coumaphos may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to coumaphos.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to coumaphos.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of coumaphos is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of coumaphos may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Use organic vapor respirator, rubber gloves, and goggles. Dike fire control water for disposal later.

This material may burn but does not ignite easily.

Extinguish with water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemicals (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Extinguish with water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance and protective clothing. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect the spilled substance into containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Hydrolysis: This cmpd can be decomposed on heating with concentrated alkali. It is oxidized with nitric acid or other oxidizing agents to the phosphate analogue, coroxon. Dilute alkali (pH 8-12) causes an opening of the pyrone ring, which can be closed again by acidification to yield the original compound.

Approximately 400 000 litres of cattle dip wastes containing approximately 1500 mg/L of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos are generated yearly along the Mexican border from a USDA program designed to control disease-carrying cattle ticks. Use of unlined evaporation pits for the disposal of these wastes has resulted in highly contaminated soils underlying these sites. Previous work has shown that microbial consortia present in selected dip wastes can be induced to mineralize coumaphos. Our results demonstrate that similar microbial consortia are present in coumaphos-contaminated soils from eight waste sites and that these organisms are capable of mineralizing coumaphos in these soils using soil slurries to less than 1 mg/L in 7-10 days at 28 °C. In addition, our results show that these consortia are able to colonize pea gravel in trickling gravel filters and can be used in these filters to metabolize coumaphos from dip wastes to less than 0.1 mg/L in 7-10 days at 28 °C. These simple systems offer potential low cost means to detoxify coumaphos-containing wastes and to bioremediate soils contaminated with this organophosphate compound.

Insecticide wastes generated from livestock dipping operations are well suited for biodegradation processes since these wastes are concentrated, contained, and have no other significant toxic components. A field-scale biofilter capable of treating 15,000-litre batches of dip waste containing the acaricide coumaphos was used to reduce the coumaphos concentration in two successive 11,000-litre batch trials from 2000 mg litre-1 to 10 mg/L in approximately 14 days at 25-29 °C. Removal of coumaphos from the biofilter effluent is a function of both physical filtration and biodegradation by the biofilter. However, stoichiometric increases in chloride levels in the effluent as coumaphos concentrations decreased confirmed that coumaphos was being degraded by the biofilter rather than just being filtered out. In subsequent 5,500-litre batch experiments, the addition of a vitamin supplement to the biofilter-treated dip resulted in a further decrease in coumaphos concentration to approximately 1 mg/L. Results from incubations of two representative Texas soils with biofilter-treated dip spiked with (benzo-U-14C) coumaphos revealed that 32-36% of the spiked (14C) coumaphos was mineralized in the soils after 110 days at 30 °C.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Notify local health and wildlife officials and operators of nearby water intakes /if spilled into water/.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage temperature: Ambient

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.15 [mg/m3]

3.0 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction and vapor), skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

0.05 mg/m

0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2005]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

Cholinesterase inhibition. The substance may cause effects on nervous system. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances for residues of the insecticide coumaphos (O,O-diethyl O-3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl phosphorothioate and its oxygen analog (O,O-diethyl O-3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl phosphate) in or on food commodities as follows:[Table#930]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN! FIRST AID: USE PERSONAL PROTECTION.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Coumaphos appears as slightly brownish crystals with a slight sulfurous odor. Used for the control of a wide variety of livestock insects including cattle grubs, lice, scabies, flies, and ticks; the common ectoparasites of sheep, goats, horse, swine, and poultry as well as for screwworms in all these animals. (EPA, 1998)

Brownish crystals with a slight odor of sulfur; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Slightly brownish crystals with a slight sulfurous odor.

Colorless crystals

Slight sulfur-like odor

68 °F at 1e-07 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

68 °F at 1x10-7 mmHg

196 °F (EPA, 1998)

MP: 90-92 °C (technical coumaphos)

Not Applicable. Combustible solid. (USCG, 1999)

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 1.5 mg/L at 20 °C

Limited solubility in organic solvents

Somewhat soluble in acetone, chloroform, corn oil

At 20 °C, soluble in acetone (23.82 g/100 mL) and diethyl phthalate (21.50 g/100 mL); much less soluble in denatured alcohol and xylene (0.9 g/100 mL in each); only slightly soluble in octanol (0.13 g/100 mL), hexane (0.07 g/100 mL), and mineral spirits (0.09 g/100 mL)

Solubility in water: none

1.31 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.474 g/cu cm

1.47 g/cm³

1.47 @ 20°C

1e-07 mmHg at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.0000001 [mmHg]

0.013 mPa /9.7X10-8 mm Hg/ at 20 °C

Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible

1x10-7 at 68 °F

0.000000097 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = 4.13

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

2.0X10-2 ppm (Detection in water; purity not specified).

181.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: Pesticides]

181.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID2020347]

203.3 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID2020347]

183.0 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID2020347]

184.54 Ų [M-H]-

180.5 Ų [M+H]+

204.34 Ų [M+Na]+

176.64 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

179.62 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

Tan solid (Technical coumaphos)

Insoluble in water. This compound hydrolyzes slowly under alkaline conditions.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Aryl Halides

Organothiophosphates, such as COUMAPHOS, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. It reacts with strong oxidizing agents and alkaline materials. (NTP, 1992)

Strong oxidizing agents

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Coumaphos is an organophosphate insecticide used for control of a wide variety of insects on cattle and parasitic mites (Varroa jacobson) on bees. It is also used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of screwworms, maggots, and ear ticks on livestock. Registered for use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The signs and symptoms of a human exposure to coumaphos are similar to general exposure to organophosphates: potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. According to case reports, human exposure can occur due to accidental ingestion from contaminated food, intentional ingestion or inhalation. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dermal administration of single (50-500 mg/kg) or daily (100 mg/kg) doses of coumaphos resulted in delayed neurotoxicity in hens. Coumaphos caused loss of weight and produced ataxia, which progressed to paralysis and death. Some hens given a single oral 50 mg/kg dose or daily 5 mg/kg doses of coumaphos recovered from the initial cholinergic effect and developed clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity. A bioassay of coumaphos for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to rats and mice. In both rats and mice, no tumors occurred in the dosed groups of either sex at incidences that were significantly higher than those in corresponding control groups. Weekly spraying at concentration of 200-400 ppm or weekly dipping in solution containing 200 ppm for 2 year period had no adverse effect on cattle. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In water fowl exposed to coumaphos, signs appeared as soon as 40 min in mallard ducks and 90 min in pheasants and mortalities usually occurred between 2 and 3 hour after treatment. Recovery took up to 14 days.

Coumaphos is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Cancer Classification: Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Coumaphos

TR-096: Bioassay of Coumaphos for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 56-72-4) (1979 )

10/25/78

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, coumaphos was not carcinogenic for either F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Headache. Sweating. Weakness. Nausea. Vomiting. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Further see Inhalation.

Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.

Chemical: COUMAPHOS

Other Poison - Organophosphate

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

Children

General Population

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides - 2021 Update

LC50 (rat) = 303 mg/m3

A 32-year-old male with acute organophosphate poisoning /was admitted/ to /the/ hospital. ... /The ingested dose of coumaphos (0,0-diethyl-0-3-chloro- 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl phosphorothioate) was estimated to be 14 g. The calculated /lethal dose/ for this man who weighed 85 kg was 1275 g (15 mg/kg)./

LD50 Rabbit (male) dermal 500 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 500 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 80 mg/kg

LD50 Mice ip 200 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for COUMAPHOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

A 32 yr old male with acute coumaphos poisoning ... the organophosphate poisoning was successfully managed by artificial ventilation, an infusion of pralidoxime and intermittent atropine. ...

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organophosphates and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously and consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer atropine. Correct hypoxia before giving atropine ... . Administer pralidoxime chloride (2 PAM). ... . Treat seizures with adequate atropinization and correction of hypoxia. In rare cases diazepam or lorazepam may be necessary ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for COUMAPHOS (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A 32-year-old male with acute organophosphate /coumaphos/ poisoning developed hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and ketonuria soon after admission to hospital. Serum amylase estimations suggested a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. ...

/CASE REPORTS/ Reports of food poisoning caused by pesticide-contaminated food are rare in the medical literature. ...this paper reports six patients who suffered food poisoning in two separate episodes in which the pesticide coumaphos was apparently misused as a food flavoring. These six patients presented not only the general manifestations of gastroenteritis, but also some unusual extraintestinal symptoms. These included cholinergic overactivity (miosis, urinary incontinence and hypersalivation) that led us to suspect organophosphate intoxication. This diagnosis was confirmed by serial changes in RBC cholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase activity, and by the presence of coumaphos in the contaminated food. Of the six patients, one was dead on arrival. Another patient developed progressive respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate among /these/ cases was 16.7%. Since the coumaphos was apparently added to food during cooking, its toxic effects do not appear to be mitigated by heating. When food poisoning cases present with both gastroenteritis and unusual autonomic symptoms, the autonomic syndromes will aid in the diagnosis and management of these critically ill patients.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 32-year-old male with acute organophosphate poisoning developed hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria soon after admission to hospital. Serum amylase estimations suggested a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. He required insulin therapy to control his hyperglycaemia and the organophosphate poisoning was successfully managed by artificial ventilation, an infusion of pralidoxime and intermittent atropine. He was discharged on the 17th hospital day with no permanent physical sequelae. /The finding of an empty bottle of coumaphos in the patient's locker at work the day following admission confirmed the provisional diagnosis. The ingested dose of coumaphos (0,0-diethyl-0-3-chloro- 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl phosphorothioate) was estimated to be 14 g. The calculated /lethal dose/ for this man who weighed 85 kg was 1275 g (15 mg/kg)./

/SURVEILLANCE/ A follow-up study of 232 people three years after a history of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning disclosed only one person with slight residual blurring of vision that might have been related to the earlier poisoning, though at the time of poisoning over one third of the people had blurring, which lasted only a day or two after exposure was discontinued. The possile exceptional case had findings suggestive of basilar artery insufficiency, rather than effects of poisoning. /Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning/

LD50; Species: /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard) male age 3-4 months; oral 29.8 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 21.5-41.3 mg/kg) /purity: 95%/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) chemical incorporated into food 401 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 277-592.71 ppm)

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) chemical incorporated into food 85 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 70-102 ppm)

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) oral via capsule 2.36 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.26 mg/kg)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for COUMAPHOS (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ A group of 50 birds (Coturnix) was fed coumaphos in the diet ranging in concentrations of 50, 84 and 239 ppm with corn oil as diluent. Mortality ranged from 1/10 in 4 days at 84 ppm and 4/10 birds in 6 days at 239 ppm. No deaths occurred at 50 ppm. Technical grade, 95% active ingredient was used.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication: /mallards and pheasants, acute oral, dosage range: 5.73 to 41.3 mg/kg; 95% purity/ spraddle-legged walking, wing twitching, slowness, hypoactivity, ataxia, wing-drop, falling, mutation, prostration with wings spread, lacrimation, immobility, wing-beat convulsions, and tetany. Signs appeared as soon as 40 min in mallards and 90 min in pheasants and mortalities usually occurred between 2 and 3 hr after treatment. Remission took up to 14 days.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to fish, crustacea, birds and mammals. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Coumaphos's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a non-systemic insecticide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.7X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates coumaphos will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase coumaphos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 3.4 and 14 hours, respectively. Particulate-phase coumaphos will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Coumaphos adsorbed on silica gel was mineralized 6.9% after 17 hours exposure to light at >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, coumaphos is expected to have no mobility based upon Koc values of 5778 to 21,120. On surface soil, a photolysis half-life of 23.8 days was observed. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Coumaphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Soil half-lives ranging from 200 to 300 days suggest biodegradation may be slow in soil. However, in soil slurries using soil from cattle dip vat disposal pits coumaphos was degraded in 7 days; 61% of the (14)C was recovered as (14)CO2 when radio-labeled coumaphos was added to soil slurries containing 1,200 mg/L coumaphos. If released into water, coumaphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. In a biodegradability screening test using an activated sludge inoculum and 50 ug/L of radio-labeled test compound, 0.9% of coumaphos was mineralized in 5 days. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCFs of 110 and 540 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Occupational exposure to coumaphos may occur through inhalation of spray mists and dermal contact with this insecticide at workplaces where coumaphos is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to coumaphos via ingestion of contaminated honey or dairy products. (SRC)

Coumaphos's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a non-systemic insecticide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Coumaphos (CO-RAL) is a veterinary insecticide(1). Presently it is widely used as an acaricide in cattle dip vat solutions for control of cattle ticks(1). It is estimated that about 400,000 cattle were dipped in 12,000 liter coumaphos-containing tanks along the USA-Mexican border in 1984(1). Coumaphos is registered for topical use and is commonly added to animal feed(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 5778 to 21,120(2), indicate that coumaphos is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of coumaphos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 9.7X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5 mg/L(2). Coumaphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Half-lives of approximately 300 days in a sandy loam soil and 200 days in a silty loam soil were observed; the major degradation products were chlorferon (3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin) and the oxygen analog(3). No degradation of coumaphos was noted in a microbially-active Drummer silty clay loam soil in 22 days(3). Coumaphos was degraded in 7 days in soil slurries using soil from six cattle dip vat waste disposal pits in Texas(4). In similar experiments using (14)C ring-labeled coumaphos, 61% of the (14)C was recovered as (14)CO2 when radio-labeled coumaphos was added to soil slurries containing 1200 mg/L coumaphos; no loss of coumaphos nor production of (14)CO2 was observed when sodium azide was added to the soil slurries(4). The photolysis half-life of coumaphos on a soil surface was reported to be 23.8 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 5778 to 21,120(2), indicate that coumaphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.7X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5 mg/L(2). According to a classification scheme(4), BCFs of 110(5) and 540(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). In a biodegradability screening test using an activated sludge inoculum and 50 ug/L of radio-labeled test compound, 0.9% of coumaphos was mineralized in 5 days(5). Half-lives of coumaphos in sunlit river water and seawater were 5 and 8 days, respectively(7). The half-life of coumaphos in buffered aqueous solution was 23 days at pH 9 and 50 °C, while in pH 5.5 pond water at temperatures ranging from 20-35 °C, it was <7 days(8).

AQUATIC FATE: The half-life of coumaphos in Limon River (Venezuela) water under 4 different conditions was 25.21, 9.71, 7.31 and 4.96 days in dark filtered, sunlit filtered, open non-filtered and closed non-filtered water, respectively(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), coumaphos, which has a vapor pressure of 9.7X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase coumaphos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 3.4 and 14 hours, respectively(3). Particulate-phase coumaphos may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Coumaphos absorbed on silica gel mineralized 6.9% when exposed to light >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: In a biodegradability screening test using an activated sludge inoculum and 50 ug/L of radio-labeled test compound, only 0.9% of coumaphos was mineralized in 5 days(1). Coumaphos in dipping solutions can be effectively biodegraded by specially grown pure cultures(2). Degradation was slow in a sandy loam soil, half-life approximately 300 days(2). The half-life in a field test in which 300 ppm of coumaphos was incorporated into the upper 15 cm of silty loam soil was about 200 days(2). The major degradation products were chlorferon (3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin) and the oxygen analog(2). No degradation was noted in a microbially-active Drummer silty clay loam soil in 22 days(2). Coumaphos was degraded in 7 days in soil slurries using soil from six vat waste disposal pits in Texas(4). In similar experiments using (14)C ring-labeled coumaphos, 61% of the (14)C was recovered as (14)CO2 when radiolabeled coumaphos was added to soil slurries containing 1200 mg/L coumaphos; no loss of coumaphos nor production of (14)CO2 was observed when sodium azide was added to the soil slurries(3).

ANAEROBIC: Incubation of coumaphos with inocula of ruminal bacteria and ciliated protozoa under anaerobic conditions suggested that the chemical is not used for growth nor does it stimulate endogenous gas production(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of coumaphos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of coumaphos with ozone has been estimated as 1.9X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). The half-life of coumaphos in buffered aqueous solution was 23 days at pH 9 and 50 °C, while in pond water whose pH was 5.5 and the temperature ranged from 20-35 °C, it was <7 days(2). The results in the pond water may not be entirely abiotic since pond water contains microorganisms(2). In a 17 hour test, designed to mimic the behavior of pollutants adsorbed on particulate matter, 6.9% of the coumaphos adsorbed on silica gel was mineralized when exposed to light at >290 nm(3). The photolysis half-life of coumaphos on a soil surface was reported to be 23.8 days(4). Half-lives of 218 and 156 days were observed when coumaphos was incubated in pH 6.1 ultrapure water in darkness at 6 °C and 22 °C, respectively(5). Half-lives of 165 (225) and 59 (29) days were observed when coumpahos was incubated in pH 7.3 river water (filtered river water) in darkness at 6 °C and 22 °C, respectively; the half-life decreased to 5 days when coumaphos was incubated in sunlight in pH 7.3 river water(5). No degradation of coumaphos was observed when incubated in pH 8.1 seawater in darkness at 6 °C; half-lives of 70 and 8 days were observed when incubated in seawater in the darkness at 22 °C and in sunlight, respectively(5). Coumaphos in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (1:1) absorbs light in the environmental spectrum(6), suggesting a potential for direct photolysis(SRC).

A BCF of 110 was determined in Golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) in a 3-day test(1). A BCF of 540 was determined in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed for 28 days(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. The 24 hr bioaccumulation factor in algae (Chlorella fusca) is 470(1).

Koc values of 5778 to 21,120 were reported in 4 soil types(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value range suggests that coumaphos is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for coumaphos is estimated as 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.7X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.5 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that coumaphos is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). Coumaphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Coumaphos was not detected in groundwater samples taken at golf courses across the US(1). Coumaphos was not detected (detection limit 10 ppb) in 82 water samples collected from 1964-1966 in a comprehensive study of New York State ground water systems(2).

SURFACE WATER: Coumaphos was detected in at least one surface water sample taken at golf courses across the US(1). Coumaphos was detected in a surface water sample collected in the Valencia Community, Spain at a concentration of 0.152 ug/mL(2). Coumaphos was detected in samples taken from a river in the Atoya River Basin, Chinandega, Nicaragua at 18.75 ng/L; it was present at less than the method detection limit in samples taken in the rainy (Jul to Aug 1993) and dry (Nov to Dec 1993) seasons(3).

SOIL: Coumaphos was not reported in soil samples from 35 sites in South Shenyang, China; samples were collected Jun 2010(1).

Coumaphos was detected in 24 of 69 honey samples collected in northwest Spain in 1989 and 1990, concentrations ranged from 1 to 53 ug/kg, mean 6.0 ug/kg; coumaphos was detected in 8 samples of honey in 1991(1,2). Honey from hives treated with 0.032 g active ingredient coumaphos had 54, 45, 48, 26, 20 and 14 ug/kg coumaphos after 0, 1, 3, 7, 15 and 21 days, respectively(3). Coumaphos was not detected in canned peaches from the 1999 season or from fresh peaches sampled Aug 2000; 210 samples were collected in Imathia and Pella, Greece(4). Coumaphos was not detected in green beans, sweet potatoes, spinach, tomatoes, strawberries, peaches or pears; sample dates, locations and detection limits were not reported(5).

Coumaphos was reported in honey samples from various European countries. It was not detected (detection limit 1.60 ng/g) in 275 honey samples collected in 2004 from 33 locations throughout Turkey(1).[Table#932]

Coumaphos was detected in mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, from a rice crop field in the Ebro Delta, Spain in September and February at concentrations of approximately 125 and 150 ng/g wet weight, respectively(1).

Coumaphos was detected in 22 of 92 honeybee (Apis mellifera) samples from the district of Bologna, Italy at concentrations of 0.002 to 2.777 mg/kg; dead bee samples were collected in bags suspended under beehives (only worker bees were analyzed)(1).

EXPERIMENTAL: In trials in the Netherlands, cows were treated at a rate of 1.5 g/cow (50% wp) 2 times at 8 day intervals. Mean residues (mg/kg) present in milk at various intervals were: 6 hr, 0.25 mg/kg; 18 hr, 0.21 mg/kg; 30 hr, 0.13 mg/kg; and 42 hr, less than 0.1 mg/kg. The maximum residue limits for various dairy products currently in force in Australia and those under consideration in The Netherlands are reported. It is recommended that a maximum residue of 0.02 mg/kg (sum of coumaphos and its oxygen analogs) be established.

EXPERIMENTAL: After dermal application of a 0.75% emulsion of radiolabeled coumaphos on a cow, at 40 mg/kg body weight, the concentration of the chemical in the milk rose rapidly to approximately 60 ppb and then declined rapidly to less than 5 ppb in 3 days(1). Similar behavior was observed when coumaphos was applied on a goat(1).

Occupational exposure to coumaphos may occur through inhalation of spray mists and dermal contact with this insecticide at workplaces where coumaphos is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to coumaphos via ingestion of contaminated honey or dairy products. (SRC)

The median level of coumaphos metabolite in the urine of 7 of 60 farm worker children aged 1-6 years from North Carolina was 0.14 ng/mL; samples were collected in 2004(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; ID: 3025, 3024/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; ID: 3025, 3024/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; ID: 3025, 3024/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; ID: 3025, 3024/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for COUMAPHOS (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point not less than 23 °C

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for COUMAPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 215 05; Coumaphos

49 215 06; Coumaphos mixture, liquid (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 21-28-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II