thallium(I) acetate

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 46 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Use an agent appropriate for the surrounding fire. (USCG, 1999)

Water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U214, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium acetate is a poor candidate for incineration.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewater; Results of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5; Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with soluble thallium compounds, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Clothing contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of soluble compounds from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the soluble thallium compounds, the person perfoming the operation should be informed of soluble thallium compounds's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be removed promptly and not reworn until the soluble thallium compound is removed from the clothing. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Skin that becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be promptly washed or showered to remove any soluble thallium compounds. Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble thallium compound is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble thallium compounds should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble thallium compounds/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

KEEP WELL CLOSED.

0.077 [mg/m3]

4.3 [mg/m3]

26 [mg/m3]

0.1 [mg/m3], as Tl

15 mg Tl/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

15.0 [mg/m3], as Tl (soluble compounds)

15 mg/cu m (as Tl). /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl)/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m, skin. /Thallium and soluble cmpd, as Tl/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Thallium and soluble cmpd, as Tl/

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Respirator selection: 0.5 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator, if not present as a fume. 1 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators, if not present as a fume/Any supplied-air respirator. 2.5 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter, if not present as a fume. 5 mg/cu m: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 15 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode/Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Thallium acetate is a white odorless crystalline solid. Density 3.68 g / cm3. A dangerous poison.

White deliquescent solid; Soluble in water; [Merck Index] White or cream-colored wet crystalline aggregates; [MSDSonline]

WHITE CRYSTALS

... Odorless

230 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble (NTP, 1992)

SOL IN ALCOHOL AND WATER

VERY SOL IN CHLOROFORM

Soluble in water and ethanol

Insol in acetone

3.765 at 278.6 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.68 @25 °C

14.7 [mmHg]

When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /thallium/

DELIQUESCENT

Exists in two oxidation states, /thallous/ (Tl(I)) and /thallic/ (Tl(III)). /Thallium/

In reducing environments, thallous may precipitate as a sulfide; otherwise, it will remain in solution. /Thallium/

... Thallium(I), forms relatively few complexes with the exception of those with halogen, oxygen, and sulfur ligands. In this & several other respects, thallium(I) has chemical properties similar to those of the alkali metal cations. /Thallium (I)/

Metals -> Organic Acids, Metal Salts

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Deliquescent. Soluble in water.

Salts, Basic

THALLIUM ACETATE gives aqueous solutions that are basic (neutralize acids). These neutralizations generate only a little heat. Neither a strong reducing agent nor oxidizing agent, but can serve as both.

Thallium acetate

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Thallium Acetate

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LD50 Rat oral 41.2 mg/kg (

LD50 Rat ip 29.6 mg/kg

DURING PERIOD 1932-35 SEVERAL CASES OF RETROBULBAR OR OPTIC NEUROPATHY RESULTED FROM USE OF DEPILATORY, KOREMLU CREAM, CONTAINING APPROX 7% THALLIUM ACETATE.

THERE HAVE BEEN MANY CASES OF FATAL & NON-FATAL POISONING FROM MEDICINAL USE OF THALLIUM ... . THE LETHAL DOSE FOR HUMAN BEINGS NEARLY APPROX TO THE THERAPEUTIC DOSE (8 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE PER KG BODY WT) & SINCE DEATH HAS BEEN RECORDED IN A 10 YR OLD BOY AFTER INGESTION OF 166 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE, IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THE MINIMUM LETHAL DOSE FOR AN ADULT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ABOUT 0.8 G CORRESPONDING TO ABOUT 12 MG/KG BODY WT.

A case of intellectual impairment, residual ataxia and spastic paraparesis in a 42 yr old man who was given oral thallium acetate for scalp ringworm at the age of 7 is reported.

Based on the limited data available, children seem to be no more sensitive to the acute toxic or lethal effects of thallium than adults. In a series of 8,006 children estimated to have been given single oral doses of 3.1-7.8 mg Tl/kg body weight of thallous acetate as a depilatory, 447 (6%) became ill and eight (0.1%) died.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THALLIUM(I) ACETATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/INVESTIGATOR FOUND/ IN CHRONIC POISONING ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING FEATURES IS LOSS OF HAIR. ... GIVING THALLIUM ACETATE TO RATS IN A DOSAGE BY MOUTH OF ABOUT 0.45 MG/KG DAILY FOUND THAT THEY ALL DIED SUDDENLY AT THE END OF 4 MO, ALL HAVING SHOWN TYPICAL DEPILATORY ACTION @ END OF 6 WK. THE ONLY PRECEDING SYMPTOMS HAD BEEN LOSS OF WT & APPETITE. ... OTHER DISORDERS /FROM FEEDING 0.1 MG DAILY TO YOUNG RATS/ ... INCL BONE LESIONS RESEMBLING OSTEITIS FIBROSA, EYE LESIONS, KERATITIS, CATARACT, RETROBULBAR ... NEUROPATHY, PARTIAL OPTIC ATROPHY & HORMONE DYSFUNCTION. ... /ALSO/ PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS IN FORESTOMACH ... PAPILLOMAS & EPITHELIAL CYSTS EXTENDING INTO MUCOSA BUT NOT TO MAIN STOMACH OR OTHER ORGANS.

SHEEP SHOW ANOREXIA, DEPRESSION, WEAKNESS, RECUMBENCY & TORTICOLLIS. THERE IS USUALLY A DISCHARGE FROM MOUTH & NOSTRILS, & ULCERATION OF TONGUE, WITH RUMINAL PARESIS & CONSTIPATION. AS THE CONDITION PROGRESSES, ALOPECIA DEVELOPS. CHIEF LESIONS ARE AN INTENSE HEMORRHAGIC GASTROENTERITIS WITH ULCERATION, PARTICULARLY OF THE STOMACH OR ABOMASUM; ENLARGEMENT & FATTY DEGENERATION OF LIVER; CONGESTION OF SPLEEN & KIDNEYS, WITH EVIDENCE OF PARENCHYMATOUS NEPHRITIS, & HYPEREMIA OF BRAIN.

REPEATED DAILY INGESTION OF THALLIUM 1+ ACETATE INCORPORATED IN DIET WAS TOLERATED @ 0.001% LEVEL BY RATS; 0.003% WAS LETHAL TO MALE, BUT NOT FEMALE, RATS (15 WK)... .

CHIEF FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES IN NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE HYPOTONIA & ATAXIA. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ARE CONFINED TO CONTROL & PERIPHERAL AXONS OF PRIMARY NEURONS & ARE OF DYING BACK TYPE.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THALLIUM(I) ACETATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

2.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

2.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U214, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium acetate is a poor candidate for incineration.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewater; Results of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5; Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/

UN 1707; Thallium compounds, not otherwise specified

IMO 6.1; Thallium compounds, not otherwise specified

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.