allylisothiocyanate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (5 of 1488) of reports.

H226 (98.6%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301 (97.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (97.2%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (95%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (97.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (95.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (99.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (99.3%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1488 reports by companies from 25 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 1488 reports by companies.

There are 24 notifications provided by 1483 of 1488 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pong, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames and other sources of ignition away. keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain water flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only if stabilized.

Safe Storage: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only if stabilized.

Containers: 5 lb bottles.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

4.1 [mg/m3]

11 [mg/m3]

67 [mg/m3]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL) 1 ppm, 15 min, skin, DSEN (Chemical may cause skin sensitization, a delayed contact hypersensitivity reaction following skin absorption and interaction with the immune system that is cell mediated (Type IV) and generally not life-threatening.)

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the liver, kidneys, stomach, thyroid and bladder.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Personnel protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing. ... Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Above 46 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 46 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized appears as a colorless to pale-yellow oily liquid with an irritating odor. Flash point 135 °F. Boiling point 300 °F. Poisonous by ingestion and skin absorption. Emits toxic fumes when heated to high temperature. Insoluble in water and slightly denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Used to make other chemicals and as a fumigant.

Colorless or pale yellow, very refractive liquid; very pungent, irritating odor; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS-TO-PALE-YELLOW OILY LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colourless or pale yellow liquid; Very pungent, irritating aroma

Colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid

Very pungent

Mustard odor

Acrid taste

Mustard taste

304 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

150.00 to 152.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

148-154 °C

150-151 °C

150.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-112 °F (NTP, 1992)

-102.5 °C

115 °F (NTP, 1992)

[ChemIDplus] 46 °C

115 °F (46 °C) (Closed Cup)

46 °C c.c.

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 2,000 mg/L at 20 °C

Very soluble in benzene, ethyl ether, ethanol

Miscible with alcohol and most organic solvents. One mL dissolves 8 mL 70% alcohol

SOLUBILITY IN ALCOHOL: 1:8 IN 80% ETHANOL; COMPLETELY MISCIBLE WITH ETHER, CHLOROFORM, AND BENZENE

Soluble in alcohol, ether, carbon disulfide

2 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: poor

Slightly soluble in water; Soluble in ether

Soluble (in ethanol)

1.0126 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0126 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.0

1.013-1.020

1.013 @ 20°C

3.41 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.41 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.4

5 mmHg at 77.5 °F ; 10 mmHg at 100.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

3.7 [mmHg]

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

A routine preparation by interaction of allyl chloride and sodium thiocyanate in an autoclave at 5.5 bar exploded violently at the end of the reaction. Peroxides were not present or involved and no other cause could be found, but extensive decomposition occurred when allyl isothiocyanate was heated to 250 °C. in glass ampoules [Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941:19 1408].

Dangerous...on contact with acid or acid fumes, it emits highly toxic fumes of /cyanides, oxides of sulfur, and oxides of nitrogen/.

A routine preparation by interaction of allyl chloride and sodium thiocyanate in an autoclave at 5.5 bar exploded violently at the end of the reaction. Peroxides were not present or involved and no other cause could be found, but extensive decomposition occurred when allyl isothiocyanate was heated to 250 °C in glass ampoules.

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of allyl isothiocyanate. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of allyl isothiocyanate. Overall evaluation: Allyl isothiocyanate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

Allyl isothiocyanate

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 73: (1999) Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

TR-234: Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Allyl Isothiocyanate (CASRN 57-06-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study) (1982 )

06/23/81

Clear Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

No Evidence

Under the conditions of this bioassay, allyl isothiocyanate was carcinogenic for male F344/N rats, causing transitional-cell papillomas in the urinary bladder. Evidence for associating allyl isothiocyanate with subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in female F344/N rats was equivocal. Allyl isothiocyanate was not carcinogenic for B6C3F1 mice of either sex.

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)2)

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Burning sensation.

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50: 112 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L564)

LD50: 88 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit (L564)

LD50: 12 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rabbit) (L564)

LD50 Rat Oral 112 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 339 mg/kg (10% solution in corn oil)

LD50 Rat subcutaneous 92 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse subcutaneous 80 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Treat exposure to Lethane 60 Lethane 384, Thanite, methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl thiocyanates with the cyanide antidote kit. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The aim of this study was to investigate the response, acute effects and time-course of sensitization and desensitization to allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil) nasal stimuli in healthy subjects. Sixty subjects participated in the experiment, which employed psychophysical (intensity ratings) and psychophysiological (skin conductance response) measurements. Nasal stimuli were delivered three times with different inter-stimulus intervals. The results showed that the psychophysical and psycho-physiological data were correlated and that the successive nasal stimuli after a short period of time (<2 min) produced increased intensity of irritation, whereas the stimuli delivered after >3 min produced a markedly decreased intensity of irritation. ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The vapor is lacrimogenic and can cause keratitis which interferes with vision.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A violent irritant unless diluted. ... Aqueous suspensions are more irritating than oil solutions and may produce blisters.

/CASE REPORTS/ Allyl isothiocyanate irritates the mucous membranes and induces eczematous or vesicular skin reactions. Contact dermatitis was reported in a waitress who handled salad plants, and patch tests with radishes and with allyl isothiocyanate produced positive reactions.

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) diet 82000 ppm (95% confidence interval: 66000-103000 ppm)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.1 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/L, and pH 7.8; Concentration: 85.6 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio) embryo age 4 hr post fertilization, AB strain; Conditions: freshwater, static, 28 °C, pH 6.8-7.0; Concentration: 40-400 ug/L for 20 hr /100% purity/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka) juvenile age 28-43 days, weight 18-21 mg; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.88, hardness 45.8 (38.0-52.0) mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45.9 (35.0-58.5) mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/L; Concentration: 77 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 54-109 ug/L) /97.0% purity/

Allyl isothiocyanate is an allelopathic /inhibits the growth of surrounding plants/ secondary metabolite produced by Alliaria petiolata.

Allyl isothiocycanate's production and use as a flavoring agent and in ointments and mustard plasters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an animal repellant and soil fumigant will result in its direct release to the environment. The compound is present in the leaves and seeds of plants such as mustards, horse raddish, and certain cabbages. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.70 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates allyl isothiocycanate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl isothiocycanate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 hours. Allyl isothiocycanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, allyl isothiocyanate is expected to have moderatet mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 260. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Allyl isothiocyanate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected, suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. If released into water, allyl isothiocyanate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.5 hours and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process since isocyanates hydrolyze readily under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to allyl isothiocycanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl isothiocycanate is produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl isothiocycanate via ingestion of certain foods and dermal contact with consumer products containing allyl isothiocycanate. (SRC)

Allyl isothiocyanate is an allelopathic (inhibits the growth of surrounding plants) secondary matabolite produced by Alliaria petiolata(1), a herbaceous biennial native to Eurasia native and an invasive species in North America(1,2); it is also known as garlic mustard(2). In plants, allyl isothiocyanate is formed from the glucosinolate sinigrin(3). The compound is present in the leaves and seeds of plants such as mustards, horse raddish, and certain cabbages(4).

In the essential oil from seeds of Brassica nigra Koch, Brassica juncea Hook and Thoms, and Thlaspi arvense; in the essential oil from roots of Cochlearia armoracia; in the seeds and roots of Alliaria officinalis; in onion juice; and in seeds of various Cruciferae.

Allyl isothiocycanate's production and use as a flavoring agent(1,2) and in ointments and mustard plasters(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an animal repellant(1) and soil fumigant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl isothiocyanate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.41X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.70 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2000 mg/L(4). Allyl isothiocyanate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected(5), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.70 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2000 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.5 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 12(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.15(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected(10), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl isothiocycanate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl isothiocycanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 9.95X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Allyl isothiocycanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate, present at 500 ug/g wet soil. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected(1), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl isothiocycanate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 9.95X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 hours and tropospheric half-life of 18.8 hours(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl isothiocycanate with ozone has been estimated as 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). Allyl isothiocycanate does undergo hydrolysis in the environment; the major products formed were allylamine, allyl dithiocarbamate, diallylthiourea, and carbon disulfide after 80 minutes in a buffer of pH 8. Allylamine and carbon disulfide were also major products in buffers of pH 4 and pH 6(4). A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate, present at 500 ug/g wet soil(5). Allyl isothiocycanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 12 was calculated in fish for allyl isothiocyanate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of allyl isothiocyanate can be estimated to be 260(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for allyl isothiocyanate is estimated as 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.70 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2000 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days if adsorption is considered(4). Allyl isothiocyanate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of allyl isothiocyanate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Alllyl isothiocyanate concentrations in various foods have been reported as follows: shredded cabbage 3 mg/kg; coleslaw 17 mg/kg; and horseradish roots 1.3-1.8 g/kg(1).

REPORTED USE: NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 0.02-0.50 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 0.50 PPM; CANDY 0.50 PPM; BAKED GOODS 5.2 PPM; CONDIMENTS 52 PPM; MEATS 87 PPM; SYRUPS 10-88 PPM

Allyl isothiocyanate is an allelopathic (inhibits the growth of surrounding plants) secondary matabolite produced by Alliaria petiolata(1), a herbaceous biennial native to Eurasia native and an invasive specie in North America(1,2); also known as garlic mustard(2). In plants, allyl isothiocyanate is formed from the glucosinolate sinigrin(3).

Plants containing allyl isothiocyanate(1).[Table#1723]

Occupational exposure to allyl isothiocycanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl isothiocycanate is produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl isothiocycanate via ingestion of certain foods and dermal contact with consumer products containing allyl isothiocycanate. (SRC)

The estimated world consumption of allyl thioisocyanate/year is 455,000 and 79,000 kg from direct plant material and synthetic products, respectively(1).

Allyl thioisocyanate was detected, not quantified in urine(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. /Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. ... Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1545; Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized

IMO 6.1; Allyl isothiocyanate, stabilized

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II