1,1-dimethylhydrazine

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301+H311+H331 (67.2%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (69%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (69%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 58 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Rest. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed for hours to days. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Dimethylhydrazine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to dimethylhydrazine may include eye irritation, facial numbness, facial swelling, and increased salivation. Headache, twitching, seizures, convulsions, and coma may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects include anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Pulmonary edema and hypotension (low blood pressure) are common. Dimethylhydrazine is toxic to the liver, ruptures red blood cells, and may cause kidney damage. Dermal contact may result in strong skin and mucous membrane irritation.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to dimethylhydrazine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as dimethylhydrazine-resistant sheeting and disposable bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dimethylhydrazine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to dimethylhydrazine.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of dimethylhydrazine is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of dimethylhydrazine may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Move containers from fire area if it can be done without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal, do not scatter the material. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water until well after fire is out, wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam for small fires. In large fires water fog, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate agents may allow flashback and explosive re-ignition. (EPA, 1998)

Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water in large amounts, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame--consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius.

To fight fire use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

Prolonged exposure of containers of the material to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing due to the decomposition of the material. ... Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and a flame can flash back to the source of vapors.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1163 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable non-plastic containers. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Activated carbon, polyurethane foam and polypropylene fibers are the most advantageous agents for cleanup of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Also Amberlite XAD resins and Dowex 50WX8 or Amberlite IRA 900 may be used.

Wear butyl rubber gloves, laboratory coat, eye protection and self-contained breathing apparatus. Impervious clothing recommended. Eliminate all sources of ignition and flammables. On skin or clothing. Wash skin immediately. Remove contaminated clothing at once. Spills. Cover spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand. Scoop the solid into a container, transport to the fume hood and slowly add to water, allowing 20 ml of water for each 1 g of dimethylhydrazine. Filter off the clay and sand. For each 1 g of dimethylhydrazine, place 32 ml (approximately 25% excess) of commercial laundry bleach (containing approximately 5% sodium hypochlorite) into a 3-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and dropping funnel. Add the aqueous dimethylhydrazine dropwise to the stirred hypochlorite solution, monitoring the rate of addition by rise in temperature. The temperature is maintained at 45-50 °C and addition takes about 1 hour. Stirring continues for 2 hr until the temperature gradually falls to room temperature.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is available commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U098, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Catalytic reductive destruction of hydrazines, including 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, as an approach to waste hazard control is discussed.

Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The basic ventilation methods are local exhaust ventilation and dilution or general ventilation.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to diperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Do NOT store or transport in containers made from plastic. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

0.020 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

11 [ppm]

0.06 ppm (0.15 mg/m³) [120 minutes]

Ca C 0.06 ppm (0.15 mg/m3) [2-hr] See Appendix A

0.5 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³)

TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) [skin]

15 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

15.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: No adverse effects were noted in dogs exposed at 50, 200, and 600 ppm for 60, 15, and 5 minutes, respectively; only mild toxic responses were noted at 100, 400, and 1,200 ppm for 60, 15, and 5 minutes, respectively [Weeks et al. 1963].

15 ppm; NIOSH considers 1,1-dimethylhydrazine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [15 ppm]

See: 57147

0.01 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 ppm, skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

0.01 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.01 ppm [1993]

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

Table: AEGLs for 1,1-DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE (ppm) [Table#1513]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

1,1-dimethylhydrazine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point 0 °F. Corrosive to the skin. Less dense than water and soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air and very toxic by inhalation, attacking the eyes and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure of containers to heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing due to decomposition. Generates toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and a flame can flashback to the source of vapors. Used as a rocket propellant and to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia- or fish-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS FUMING HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. TURNS YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia- or fish-like odor.

CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQUID

Colorless liquid

Characteristic ammonia like fishy odor of aliphatic hydrazines

147 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

63.9 °C at 760 mm Hg

63.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-72 °F (EPA, 1998)

-57.2 °C

5 °F (EPA, 1998)

-15 °C, 5 °F (closed cup)

-15 °C c.c.

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

Very sol in methanol and ethanol

>10% in water

Miscible with dimethylformamide, hydrocarbons, alcohol, ether

Miscible in water at 25 °C

Solubility in water: very good

Miscible

0.7914 at 71.6 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.782 at 25 °C/25 °C; 0.791 at 22 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.791 @ 22°C

1.94 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.94 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.1

157 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

167.0 [mmHg]

167 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 13.7

103 mmHg

75 [mm Hg] @10.5 °C

log Kow = -1.19 /Estimated/

Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

Solution stored in dark and cold are relatively stable in absence of oxidants

480 °F (NTP, 1992)

249 °C (480 °F)

Highly flammable over a wide range of vapor concentrations. May ignite spontaneously when spread on a large surface exposed to the air. [Def. Res. and Eng., pp 299-300(1963)]. Dissolves and slowly decomposes in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Reducing Agents, Strong

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE is a powerful reducing agent. Ignition can occur on contact with oxidizing agents such hydrogen peroxide and fuming nitric acid [Haz. Chem. Data(1966)]. Also reacts as a base to neutralize acids in exothermic reactions.

Contact of dicyanofurazan, or its N-oxide (dicyanofuroxan), with ... dimethylhydrazine ... is instantaneously explosive.

Spontaneous ignition can occur on contact with oxidants like hydrogen peroxide, and fuming nitric acid.

Combinations of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, aniline, or furfuryl alcohol as fuels with hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of nitric acid-nitrogen tetroxide- sulfuric acid as oxidizers ignite with little delay and are used as propellants.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine /&/ nitric oxide ignite on sparking.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oxidizers, halogens, metallic mercury, fuming nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide [Note: May ignite SPONTANEOUSLY in contact with oxidizers.]

Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen

Evaluation: No epidemiological data on the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine were available. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Overall evaluation: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Nausea. Headache. Vomiting. Laboured breathing. Convulsions.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; choking, chest pain, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); drowsiness; nausea; anoxia; convulsions; liver injury; [potential occupational carcinogen]

central nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, blood, respiratory system, eyes, skin

[in animals: tumors of the lungs, liver, blood vessels & intestines]

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

8 x 10^-6 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

PPRTV Archive

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

ATSDR Final

LC50 (rat) = 252 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 252 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 172 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Hamster inhalation 392 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Mouse ip 113-290 mg/kg /from table/

LC50 Daphnia 38 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) 11.35 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 78 mg/L/24 hr; 30 mg/L/48 hr; 17 mg/L/72 hr; 10 mg/L/96 hr; in hard water /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 82 mg/L/24 hr; 45 mg/L/48 hr; 32 mg/L/72 hr; 26 mg/L/96 hr; in soft water /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

5.70e-02

2.40e-01

2.10e-03

8.80e-03

4.20e-03

5.00e+00

1.00e-04

Volatile

1.72e+05

1.70e-01

7.30e-01

6.30e-03

2.60e-02

1.20e-02

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine's production and use as a component of jet and rocket fuels, in chemical synthesis, as a stabilizer for organic fuel additives, as an absorbent for acid gases, and in photography may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is also formed as a degradation product of daminozide, a plant growth regulator. If released to the atmosphere, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a measured vapor pressure of 167 mm Hg at 25 °C. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is expected to react very quickly with ozone in the troposphere with an estimated half-life of 16.5 minutes. Vapor-phase 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 6 days. If released to soil, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility based on an estimated Koc of 20. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with pKa of 7.21, suggesting that it will partially exist in the protonated form in water and moist soils and the protonated form may adsorb to soils more than the free base. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected for the protonated species since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization may occur for the neutral species based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine from dry soil surfaces may exist based on its vapor pressure. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine degrades in soils through a combination of biotic and abiotic processes; however, at high concentrations 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is toxic to microbial organisms. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine was degraded 0, 11, 11, and 50% in cleaned sand (100% sand), sandy soil, organic soil, and clay soil, respectively in a 1 hour soil column study. If released to water, the neutral species is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based on the estimated Koc value; however, the protonated form may have greater adsorption. The protonated form will not volatilize, but the neutral species may volatilize based on the estimated Henry's Law constant. Volatilization half-lives of 36 hours and 19 days were estimated for a model pond and lake, respectively for the free base. The half-life of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in pond water ranged from 16 to 22 days and the half-life in sea water was about 13 days. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine occurs through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where this compound is produced and used. Monitoring data suggest the general population may be exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine through the inhalation of tobacco smoke or ingestion of food items containing this compound. (SRC)

/1,1-Dimethylhydrazine/ has not been reported to occur as such in nature.

It may be present in the waste streams from plants where it is produced or used. One source has reported that the burning of rocket fuels based on dimethylhydrazine & hydrazine produces exhaust gases which contain only trace quantities of unchanged fuel.

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine's production and use as a component of jet and rocket fuels, in chemical synthesis, as a stabilizer for organic fuel additives, as an absorbent for acid gases, and in photography(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is also formed as a degradation product of daminozide, a plant growth regulator(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 7.21(3), which indicates that this compound will partially exist as a cation in moist soils, and cations may adsorb to soil more than neutral compounds(SRC). Volatilization of the protonated species from moist soils will not occur since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization of the free base may occur, based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure, 167 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). Volatilization from dry soils may occur based on the vapor pressure of this compound(4). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine degrades in soils through a combination of biotic and abiotic processes. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine was degraded 0, 11, 11, and 50% in cleaned sand (100% sand), Vandenburg Air Force Base soil (99.1% sand, 0.4% clay, pH 6.1), organic soil (96% sand, 1% clay, 1% carbon, pH 6.4), and clay (69.3% sand, 27.95% clay, pH 3.7), respectively(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with pKa of 7.21(3), which indicates that this compound will partially exist as a cation in water, and cations may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment more than neutral compounds(SRC). Volatilization of the protonated species will not occur since cations do not volatilize. Volatilization of the free base may occur(4), based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure, 167 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(6). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 36 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 19 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -1.19(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The estimated half lives of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, initially present in pond water at 6.5 and 13.1 mM, are 16.3 and 22.2 days, respectively, and in sea water at the same concentrations are both 12.6 days(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 167 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is expected to react very quickly with ozone in the troposphere; assuming an ozone concentration of 7X10+11 molecules/cu cm, a minimum rate constant of 1X10-15 cu cm/molecule sec(3) translates into a half-life of about 16.5 min for the reaction between vapor phase 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and ozone(SRC). Vapor-phase 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is not expected to undergo direct photolysis since it does not absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (> 290 nm)(SRC).

Contaminated wastewater from the NASA Kennedy Space station was studied in batch cultures and trickle bed reactors to monitor the degradation rates of hydrazine containing rocket fuels(1,2). The half-life of structurally similar methylhydrazine in batch cultures (Rhodococcus B30 or Achromobacter sp.) and trickle bed reactors was about 2.5 and 12 days, respectively(1). Biodegradation may be a significant removal process at low concentrations in soils or ambient waters, but at higher concentrations hydrazines are toxic to microorganisms(2). Concentrations of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine that reduced bacterial metabolism by 50% ranged from 14.6 to 145 mg/L and from 19.2 to 9,060 mg/L, respectively(3).

The kinetics of oxidation of methylhydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) by dissolved oxygen in water was measured at various acidities as a function of catalyst (cupric ion) concentration. In dilute solutions the oxidation occurred through a cupric ion catalyzed process and by an uncatalyzed step. The extent of formation of the carcinogen nitrosodimethylamine depended on the initial UDMH concentration. In dilute solutions nitrosodimethylamine was not formed, but in more concentrated solutions, nitrosodimethylamine formation increased with increasing UDMH content, reached a maximum at 60-80% UDMH (by volume) and then decreased.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine also reacts very rapidly with ozone in the ambient atmosphere(2). Reaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine with ozone occurred too rapidly to measure the rate constant experimentally(2,3). The rate constant of the reaction was estimated to be greater than 1X10-15 cu cm/molecule sec(2,3). Assuming an ozone concentration of 7X10+11 molecules/cu cm, this minimum rate constant translates into a half-life of about 16.5 minutes(SRC). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine does not contain hydrolyzable functional groups, but may react with oxidants in water such as singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals, or trace metals found in natural waters or soils that catalyze the decomposition of hydrazines(4). The estimated half lives of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, initially present in pond water at 6.5 and 13.1 mM, are 16.3 and 22.2 days, respectively, and in sea water at the same concentrations are both 12.6 days(4). Aqueous oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine occurred with half-lives of 3.9-630 hr at pH values of 9-5(5).

An estimated BCF value of 3 was calculated for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.19(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Of the initial amount of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in cleaned sand (100% sand), Vandenburg Air Force Base (VAFB) soil (99.1% sand, 0.4% clay, pH 6.1), organic soil (96.1% sand, 1% clay, 1% carbon, pH 6.4), and clay (69.3% sand, 27.95% clay, pH 3.7), 5%, 20%, 15%, and 30% was adsorbed, respectively. Passage of 2 liters of distilled, deionized water at 5 ml/min through columns containing sand, VAFB soil, organic soil and clay (10% clay soil plus 90% pure sand) in equilibrium with 10 ml of a 0.1 v/v solution of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine resulted in 99.9%, 42.5%, 21.9%, and 7.2% recovery of this compound, respectively(1). As the hydrazines are all very basic chemicals, adsorption to acidic, clay soils is expected(1).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine can be estimated to be 20(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is 7.21(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist as a cation in moist soils(SRC). The protonated species is expected to adsorb strongly to soils and clays by replacing sodium ions in cation exchange sites of the soil or clay(4).

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a weak base with pKa of 7.21(1), which indicates that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils and water, and cations do not volatilize. The Henry's Law constant for the free base of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is estimated as 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 167 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 36 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 19 days(SRC). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine's Henry's Law constant indicates that the free base of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine may volatilize from moist soil surfaces(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on its vapor pressure(2).

Methylhydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine were identified, not quantified, in wastewater from the NASA Kennedy Space Station in Florida(1,2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Atmospheric samples taken in and around the hydrazine facility at Rocky Mountain Arsenal in October 1976 and January 1977 contained 1,1-dimethylhydrazine at concentrations ranging from not detected (detection limit= 0.001 ppm) to 1.66 ppm(1).

Maximum 1,1-dimethylhydrazine concentrations of 0.062 ppm in applesauce, 0.041 ppm in apple juice, 0.007 ppm in frozen cherries, and 0.60 ppm in the canned sour cherries. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine was not detected in stored, fresh apples or grape juice products (detection limit= 0.1 ppm for all products except for grape juice which was 0.2 ppm)(1).

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine has been detected in tobacco plants, processed US cigarettes, and snuff, in amounts ranging from 60 to 147 ppb(1). Its origin was not determined but it was speculated that the compound arises from bacterial enzymatic processes during curing(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine will most likely result through inhalation and dermal contact from its use as a component of aerospace propellants. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has estimated that 2,917 workers (none of these are female) are exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in the US(1). Exposure of workers to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Hydrazine Facility was mainly through inhalation(2). The general population may be exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine through the ingestion of food, and inhalation of tobacco smoke(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U098, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Catalytic reductive destruction of hydrazines, including 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, as an approach to waste hazard control is discussed.

Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /1,1-Dimethylhydrazine; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical [Table#1512]

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /1,1-Dimethylhydrazine; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /1,1-Dimethylhydrazine; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /1,1-Dimethylhydrazine; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1163; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical

IMO 6.1; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical

49 062 10; Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T, N; R: 45-11-23/25-34-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3 and 8; UN Pack Group: I