chlordane

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P317, P318, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311 (20%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (20%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302+H312 (20%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H302 (80%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (20%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (80%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 5 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H362: May cause harm to breast-fed children [Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation]

P203, P260, P262, P263, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chlordane exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to chlordane may be severe and include headache, dizziness, increased sensitivity to stimuli, agitation, nervousness, tremor, seizures, and coma. Convulsive episodes may alternate with periods of severe central nervous system depression. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common. Hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart beating) may be noted. Respiratory depression may lead to respiratory arrest. Contact with the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes may result in redness and irritation. Victims often have an elevated temperature.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chlordane may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chlordane.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chlordane.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times. Wash initially with soap and water, follow with an alcohol wash, then again with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of chlordane is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of chlordane may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2-mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in the fire.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, and foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move containers from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. (EPA, 1998)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide, water spray.

Fire fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. ...

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Chlordane, liquid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

A process for removing pollutants from Du pont's chambers works plant in Deepwater, NJ is described. Process involves neutralization of wastes & settling, followed by combined powdered carbon-biological process. Among pesticides listed as priority pollutants are heptachlor and chlordane.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquids with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. /Chlordane, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Chlordane, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. /Chlordane, liquid/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U036, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

No practical chemical treatment is available for chlordane at this time. The basic objection to the use of alkali treatment is that several days to weeks contact time may be required to insure complete hydrolysis. For the disposal of excess chlordane: Incineration @ 980-1100 °C, with a residence time of a minimum of 1 sec. For the decontamination of chlordane containers, the triple rinse is recommended. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx 10% of the container's capacity, and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing of it by a method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide. Recommendable method: Incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for chlordane: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with chlordane should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of the chlordane from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned ... the person performing the operation should be informed of chlordane's hazardous properties.

Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to chlordane, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided.

Workers subject to skin contact with chlordane should wash with soap or mild detergent and water ... at the end of each work day. Eating or smoking should not be permitted in areas where chlordane is handled, processed, or stored.

In handling chlordane or its formulations care should be exercised to avoid skin contact, inhalation of dusts or mists, and ingestion.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs, bases and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Ambient temperature for storage.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Glass or steel containers having a protective baked phenolic coating are used for packing emulsifiable concentrates, water emulsions and oil solutions. Dusts, dust concentrates, and wettable powders are generally placed in multiwall kraft paper bags. ...

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.5 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

1.5 [mg/m3]

50 [mg/m3]

500 [mg/m3]

0.5 mg/m³

Ca TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin] See Appendix A

0.5 [mg/m3]

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin]

100 mg/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

100.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: The fatal oral dose has been estimated to be about 6 grams [Derbes et al. 1955] or to range from 6 to 60 grams [Pennsylvania 1969]. [Note: An oral dose of 6 grams is equivalent to a worker being exposed to about 4,000 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]

NIOSH considers chlordane to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

100 mg/m³

Ca [100 mg/m3]

See: 57749

0.5 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

(inhalable fraction and vapour): 0.5 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.5 mg/m

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (L134)

Chronic Inhalation: 0.00002 mg/m3 (L134)

Acute Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (L134)

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

Exposure at high levels could cause disorientation, tremors, convulsions, respiratory failure and death. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the liver and immune system. This may result in tissue lesions and liver impairment. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Chlordane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Respirator for sprays, fogs, or dust; goggles; rubber gloves.

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, ... face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact.

Respiratory protection for chlordane is as follows: 5 mg/cu m or less: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) and dust and mist filter(s), including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or any supplied-air respirator, or any self-contained breathing apparatus; 25 mg/cu m or less: A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece, organic vapor cartridges, and dust and mist filters, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, a chin-style or front- or back-mounted pesticide gas mask or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood, or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; 500 mg/cu m or less: A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode. A powered chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high efficiency filter, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class; Greater than 500 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode, or a combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or any escape self-contained breathing apparatus.

Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

It is a solid when pure, however, it is often formulated as a solution in organic solvents which may be flammable. Generally denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Formerly used as a pesticide but it has been banned in the US since 1988.

Amber-colored, viscous liquid with a pungent, chlorine-like odor. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

TECHNICAL-GRADE PRODUCT: LIGHT YELLOW-TO-AMBER VISCOUS LIQUID.

Amber-colored, viscous liquid with a pungent, chlorine-like odor.

Amber-colored, viscous liquid with a pungent, chlorine-like odor. [insecticide]

Viscous, amber-colored liquid

Colorless, viscous liquid

White crystals

PENETRATING; AROMATIC; SLIGHTLY PUNGENT, LIKE CHLORINE

NEARLY ODORLESS

Pungent chlorine-like odor.

347 °F at 2 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

175 °C @ 1 mm Hg

at 0.27kPa: 175 °C

decomposes

Decomposes

223-225 °F (cis); 219-221 °F (trans) (NTP, 1992)

Melting point: 106-107 °C cis-isomer; 104-105 °C trans-isomer

217-228 °F

Solution: 225 °F (open cup), 132 °F (closed cup)

0.0001 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, including deodorized kerosene

In water, 0.056 mg/L @ 25 °C

Solubility in water: none

1.56 to 1.57 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

1.59-1.63 @ 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.59 - 1.63

1.6 @25 °C

(77 °F): 1.6

14 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

14: (air= 1 at boiling point of chlordane)

1e-05 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.00001 [mmHg]

9.75X10-6 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 0.0013

0.00001 mmHg

log Kow= 6.16

Henry's Law constant = 4.86X10-5 atm cu-m/mole @ 25 °C

Dehydrohalogenates in presence of alkali

410 °F (USCG, 1999)

Solutions of this material in organic solvents are often highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Highly Flammable

CHLORDANE is a chlorinated cyclodiene (unsaturated hydrocarbon). Decomposes in base. Corrosive to iron and zinc. Can react with strong oxidizing agents. Attack some plastics, rubbers and coatings (NTP, 1992).

Loses ...chlorine in presence of alkaline reagents and should not be formulated with any solvent, carrier, diluent or emulsifier, which has alkaline reaction.

Corrosive to iron and zinc

Chlordane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Strong oxidizers, alkaline reagents

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION: Chlordane is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. Chlordane is a synthetic product, technical chlordane is a viscous amber colored liquid with a pungent chlorine like odor. It is insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents including acetone, cyclohexanone, ethanol, deodorized kerosene, isopropanol and trichloroethylene. Chlordane is a persistent, non-systemic contact and ingested insecticide with some fumigant action. It is used on land against formicidae, coleoptera, noctuidae larvae, saltatoria, subterranean termites and many other insect pests. It also controls household insects, pests of man and domestic animals and is a wood preservative. All U.S. registrations of chlordane have been cancelled. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Chlordane is a central nervous system stimulant. The liver and kidney are the other organs affected by chlordane. A sudden onset of convulsions preceded by vomiting. Seizures caused by cyclodiene pesticides may appear as long as 48 hr after exposure and then may reappear periodically over several days following the initial episode. Tonic-clonic convulsions usually are accompanied by confusion, incoordination, excitability and in some instances coma, hypotension and respiratory failure. Do not give fats, oils or milk since these will enhance absorption from the intestinal tract. Accidental poisoning can occur in children, formulating workers, suicide attempts, individuals who live in chlordane treated residences. Individuals with a history of convulsive disorders would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure. Routes of exposure include ingestion, inhalation, dermal and eye contact. Oxychlordane is a metabolite of chlordane was found in breast milk samples. Serum half life in one child was 88 days. Another study a half life of 34 days was determined from an individual who consumed a product containing chlordane. During an acute exposure to chlordane, a man experienced a brief episode of oliguria with proteinuria, hematuria and mild hypertension. In a 30 yr old female exposed to chlordane had myoclonic jerks after a month delay, and from previous exposure had circumoral numbness, anorexia, nausea and fatigue. Dysfunctional bleeding was attributed to hepatic enzyme induction and increased metabolism of contraceptive medicine. One man occupationally exposed to chlordane developed episodes of paresthesia and latter twitching of the right hand and arm. Additional episodes, beginning in the same way ended with grand mal seizures followed by unconsciousness. Case reports of leukemia and other blood dyscrasias have been associated with exposure to chlordane/heptachlor primarily in domestic situations/ Small excess risks for other cancers including leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma and soft tissue sarcomas and cancers of the brain, skin, bladder and stomach were observed. No evidence of mutagenicity was noted in human cells exposed to chlordane. ANIMAL/CELL STUDIES: In studies on 4 male rabbits a combination of (14)C-alpha and gamma-chlordane were administered orally at 4 day intervals it was well absorbed. Rats that inhaled (14)-chlordane vapor for 30 minutes retained 77% of the total inhaled chlordane. In rat and rabbit studies using radiolabelled chlordane administered orally the radioactivity was well distributed among tissues. Rats whether being treated with a single oral dose of chlordane or fed diets containing this compound, retained the highest levels of residues in adipose tissue, liver, kidney, brain and muscle. More of the gamma isomer was retained compared to the alpha isomer. The tissue distribution of chlordane in rabbits was similar to rats. Chlordane is metabolized slowly. Most metabolites of chlordane are less toxic but oxychlordane is acutely more toxic. In vivo and in vitro studies in rats have revealed two routes of biotransformation of chlordane and shown that metabolites include trans-chlordane, 1,2-didichlorochlordene, oxychlordane, 1-hydroxy-2-chloro-2,3-epoxychlordene, chlordene, chlorohydrin and 1,2-trans-dihydroxydihydrochlordene as well as metabolites of heptachlor. Chlordane is excreted in the feces. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides act by altering the electrophysiological and associated enzymatic properties of nerve cell membranes, causing a change in sodium and potassium ion flow through the membrane. Disturbances of calcium transport and Ca+2-ATPase activity may also be involved. The cyclodiene compounds antagonize the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which induces the uptake of chloride ions by neurons. The blockage of this activity by cyclodiene insecticides results in only partial repolarization of the neuron and a state of uncontrolled excitation. Chlordane and technical chlordane induced tumors in mice and rats after oral administration. The studies demonstrated increases of hepatocellular neoplasms in mice of both sexes. Increased incidences of thyroid follicular cell neoplasms were observed in rats treated with chlordane. An increased incidence of malignant fibrous histiocytomas was observed in one study in male rats treated wi th chlordane. A small increase in liver adenomas was seen in one study in male rats treated with technical grade chlordane. No evidence of teratogenicity was found in animal studies. Alpha-chlordane and gamma-chlordane tested in the Ames Salmonella microsome assay showed no mutagenicity. Chlordane did not cause dominant lethal effects in mice. Chlordane did inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication and induced gene mutations in rodent cells but did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis. Chlordane did not damage bacterial or plasmid DNA. Protein deficiency has been shown to double the acute toxicity of chlordane in rats. Chlordane has shown to increase the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride in rats.[

Chlordane is believed to bind irreversibly to DNA, leading to cell death or altered cellular function. It also affects transcription by antagonizing estrogen-related receptors. Chlordane induces hepatic cytochrome P-450, causing a large increase in the volume of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which results in hepatocellular enlargement and hypertrophy. Chlordane has also been shown to bind and activate retinoic acid receptor, causing various developmental defects, and inhibit alkaline phosphatases in hepatic and renal tissues. (L91, A52, A53, A68, A69)

Chlordane (Technical)

5 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

7 x 10 ^-4 mg/m^3

Chlordane

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen

WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Chlordane is classified as B2, probable human carcinogen, using the 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. ...HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate evidence. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chlordane and heptachlor. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chlordane and heptachlor. Overall evaluation: Chlordane and heptachlor are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 53: (1991) Occupational Exposures in Insecticide Application, and Some Pesticides

Volume 79: (2001) Some Thyrotropic Agents

Chlordane (analytical grade)

TR-008: Bioassay of Chlordane for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 57-74-9) (1977 )

No Evidence

Clear Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay chlordane is carcinogenic for the liver in mice.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Chlordane is a central nervous system stimulant, and can also damage the digestive system and the liver. Large doses have been known to cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Chlordane is also known to have adverse reproductive and developmental effects. (L91)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L281) ; inhalation (A105)

See Ingestion.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Confusion. Convulsions. Nausea. Vomiting.

Blurred vision; confusion; ataxia, delirium; cough; abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; irritability, tremor, convulsions; anuria; In Animals: lung, liver, kidney damage; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Ingestion and inhalation of chlordane cause headaches, irritability, confusion, weakness, vision problems, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and jaundice. (L91)

Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing), Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)

central nervous system, eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys

[in animals: liver cancer]

Chemical: CHLORDANE

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Organochlorine

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

LC50 BOBWHITE QUAIL ORAL 331 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 197-497 PPM)

LC50 JAPANESE QUAIL ORAL 350 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 305-403 PPM)

LC50 RING-NECKED PHEASANT ORAL 430 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 366-505 PPM)

LC50 MALLARD ORAL 858 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 629-1241 PPM)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Twenty-three ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) found dead or moribund in the eastern United States during 1975-1982 were necropsied and selected tissues were analyzed for organochlorines and metals. Major causes or factors contributing to death were trauma, impact injuries, and emaciation. DDE was detected in 96% of the osprey carcases, DDD in 65%, DDT and heptachlor epoxide in 13%, dieldrin, oxychlordane, and cis-nonachlor in 35%, cis-chlordane in 52%, trans-nonachlor in 45%, and polychlorinated biphenyls in 83%. Carcasses of immature ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay had significantly lower concentrations of DDE, DDD + DDT, cis-chlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls than carcasses of adults from the same area. Concentrations of some organochlorines in ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay declined significantly from 1971-1973 to 1975-1982. Significant differences in concentrations of certain metals in the ospreys' livers were noted between time periods, and sex and age groups for birds from the Chesapeake Bay. During 1975-1982, adults had significantly lower concentrations of chromium, copper, and arsenic than immatures and nestlings, and adult males had higher mercury concentrations than adult females. Adult females had lower zinc concentrations in 1975-1982 than in 1971-1973. Immatures and nestlings had higher concentrations of chromium and lead in 1975-1982 than in 1971-1973. A slightly elevated concentration of chromium (1.7 ppm) or arsenic (3.2 ppm) was found in the livers of individual ospreys. Several ospreys had elevated concentrations of mercury in their livers; two ospreys had more than 20 ppm which may have contributed to their deaths.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Oxychlordane reached lethal levels in birds given dietary dosages of HCS-3260 (70.75% cis-chlordane and 23.51% trans-chlordane) at 6 levels from 50 to 500 ppm. Oxychlordane ranged from 9.4 to 22.1 ppm in brains of cowbirds (Molothrus ater), grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) that died on dosage and from 1.3 to 4.8 ppm in sacrificed birds, providing a clear diagnostic separation. Among starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), however, oxychlordane ranged from 5.0 to 19.1 ppm in brains of birds that died, significantly lower than in the other species, and from 1.4 to 10.5 ppm in sacrificed birds, overlapping the levels in those that died. Lethal levels, therefore, begin near 5.0 ppm, as in a previous study in which oxychlordane itself was fed, but the data from starlings emphasizes the need for confirmatory necropsy findings in diagnosis of poisoning. Nonachlor had a very low order of toxicity, killing only 1 of 12 birds dosed at 100 ppm for 35 days; 3 others died and 1 was incapacitated during a short period of food deprivation. Lethal levels of oxychlordane were present in the brains of birds that died. Oxychlordane accumulated in the bodies of birds on dietary dosage of HCS-3260 in proportion to dosage and time, but did not approach equilibrium at the levels (10, 50, and 100 ppm) that were fed. ... Residues of cis-chlordane in birds fed HCS-3260 were consistently lower than oxychlordane during the accumulation period and declined abruptly when dosage ceased; individual variation was high.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chlamydomonas sp /green alga/ exposed to 0.1-50 ug/L /chlordane exhibited/ stimulation of growth; At 100 ug/L, exhibited inhibition of cell division. /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxicity of chlordane to various stages of dunegrass crab, cancer magister, was exam to establish the most sensitive life stage. The zoeal stage was most sensitive in long-term tests. Max acceptable toxicant concentration for continuous exposures of cancer magister zoeae was 0.015 ug/L

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to soil organisms and bees. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Chlordane's former production and use as an insecticide resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates chlordane will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlordane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days. Particulate-phase chlordane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, chlordane is expected to have no mobility based upon a Koc range of 20,000-76,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.86X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil as indicated by 95% and 91% recovery from sterile and non-sterile soil after 21 days, respectively. If released into water, chlordane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc range. Biodegradation is not an important fate process in water as indicated by 0% biodegradation after 28 days incubation with a sludge inoculum. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 42 hrs and 19 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 100 yrs if adsorption is considered. A BCF range of 3,311 to 11,481 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since chlordane is no longer produced or used. In the past, chlordane was applied directly to the soil as a spray and exposure to this compound was primarily by ingestion of food. (SRC)

Chlordane is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

Chlordane's former(2) production and use as an insecticide(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). As of April 14, 1988, however, all commercial uses of chlordane in the US have been cancelled(2).

In the past chlordane was released into the environment primarily from its application as an insecticide. The amount of chlordance used annually in the US prior to 1983 was estimated in 1985 to be greater that 3.6 million pounds(4). It was applied directly to soil or foliage to control a variety of insect pests(1). Chlordane may enter the atmosphere through volatilization from plants, soil or water. After July 1, 1983 the only approved use for chlordane in the USA was for underground termite control(2). As of April 14, 1988, however, all commercial use of chlordane in the US has been cancelled(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: ... APPLIED TO TURF SOIL, NO INCR IN PERSISTENCE WAS OBSERVED ... WITH APPLICATION RATES OF CHLORDANE UP TO 28 KG/HECTARE ... .

TERRESTRIAL FATE: /Chlordane exhibits/ 75-100% disappearance from soils in 3-5 years.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 20,000-76,000(2) indicates that chlordane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlordane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.86X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Chlordane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg(4). Chlordane added to sterile and non-sterile soil at an initial concn of 50 mg/kg resulted in 95% and 91% recovery after 21 days, respectively(5), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Both chlordane isomers stable in water for 60 days.

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A pure culture of Nocardiopsis sp. isolated from soil was able to degrade chlordane with dichlorochlordene, oxychlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor-endo-epoxide, chlordene, chlorohydrin, and 3-hydroxy-trans-chlordene produced as metabolites(1).

AEROBIC: Using a static-culture flask-screening procedure (settled domestic wastewater as microbial inoculum), chlordane had 0% biodegradation after 28 days of incubation which included three weekly subcultures(1). After 21 days, the biodegradation of chlordane added to sterile or non-sterile soil was 95% or 91%, respectively, indicating that chlordane was somewhat resistant to biodegradation. When chlordane was added to soil as a mixture (with carbofuran and paraquat) chlordane recoveries (relative to the amount added to the soil) at the start of the experiment and after 21 days were 98% and 94%, respectively(2). It has been suggested that chlordane is comparable to dieldrin with a very slow biotransformation rate in the environment(3). The finding of chlordane residue in soil at least 10 yrs after the last known application of the pesticide(4) indicates that chlordane at best only slowly biodegrades in soil. The reported aerobic biodegradation half-life for chlordane in soil ranges from 0.4(6) to 3.3 years(7). In a river die-away test, 85% of the chlordane originally present in a sealed glass jar under sunlight and artifical light remained at the end of two weeks and persisted at that level through week 8 of the experiment; it is not possible to estimate the proportion of chlordane decrease due to biotic and abiotic processes since no tests were done with sterilized river water(5).

AEROBIC: After 21 days, the recovery of chlordane added to sterile or non-sterile soil at an initial concn of 50 mg/kg was 95% or 91%, respectively, indicating that chlordane is resistant to biodegradation. When chlordane was added to soil as a mixture (with carbofuran and paraquat) chlordane recoveries (relative to the amount added to the soil) at the start of the experiment and after 21 days were 98% and 94%, respectively(1).

TRANS-CHLORDANE (GAMMA-ISOMER) WAS ALTERED BY UV IRRADIATION. CIS-CHLORDANE (ALPHA-ISOMER) UNDERWENT CHANGE TO EXTENT OF 65-69% IN AIR IN 16-20 HR OF UV IRRADIATION. ... /CIS & TRANS-ISOMERS/

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: THE PHOTOISOMERS OF CHLORDANE APPEAR TO OCCUR UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS. ALL OF THESE PHOTOISOMERS ARE OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE THEY ARE MUCH MORE TOXIC TO CERTAIN ANIMALS THAN CHLORDANE. PHOTO-CIS-CHLORDANE, WHICH IS MORE BIODEGRADABLE THAN CIS-CHLORDANE, SHOWED HIGHER BIOACCUMULATION VALUES, & THEREFORE MAY HAVE MORE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON FOOD CHAINS.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlordane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aquatic hydrolysis of chlordane is not an important environmental fate process(2,8). The composition of chlordane applied to an intertidal sandflat was lost over a period of 106 days remained constant, indicating a resistence to hydrolysis, dechlorination, and volatilization(8). Based on estimated rate constants, the aquatic oxidation of chlordane in water via alkoxy radicals or singlet oxygen is not an important environmental fate process(2). Chlordane (in hexane solvent) does not absorb UV radiation above 280 nm(3) indicating that direct photolysis should not occur in the environment(SRC). Chlordane has been shown to undergo photosensitized reactions with the presence of acetone as a photosensitizer; cis-chlordane is more susceptible to sensitized photolysis than trans-chlordane(4). Cis- and trans-chlordane experienced 70-80 and 15-20% respective losses when exposed to 4 hrs of sunlight on bean leaves that had been treated with rotenone (a photosensitizer); no loss occurred in the absence of rotenone(5). Benzophenone and acetone were found to sensitize the photolysis of cis-chlordane at environmentally significant wavelengths with photo-cis-chlordane being formed as the major photoreaction product(6,7).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlordane with ozone has been estimated as 3.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 320 days at an atmospheric concn of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2).

In a river die-away test, 85% of the chlordane originally present in a sealed glass jar under sunlight and artificial light remained at the end of two weeks and persisted at that level through week 8 of the experiment; it is not possible to estimate the proportion of chlordane decrease due to biotic and abiotic processes since no tests were done with sterilized river water(1).

Lagodon rhomboides (pinfish) exposed to chlordane exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 6227. Duration of 96 hr.

Hyallela azteca (scud) exposed to technical chlordane exhibited a whole body bioconcentration factor of 5200. Duration 65 days.

In contrast to other organochlorine pesticides, chlordane and its degradation products do not appear to be extensively concentrated in the higher members of the terrestrial food chain, ie, homeotherms.

FOLLOWING SPRAYING OF LAKE WATER WITH 10 PPB CHLORDANE, CUTTHROAT TROUT & NEWTS WERE ANALYZED FOR RESIDUES. NEWTS ACCUMULATED HIGH LEVELS OF CHLORDANE WITHIN 14 DAYS OF TREATMENT. LEVELS AS HIGH AS 1285 PPB ALPHA-CHLORDANE & 1132 PPB GAMMA-CHLORDANE WERE MEASURED AFTER 14 DAYS. AFTER 45 DAYS, 35-327 PPB ALPHA-CHLORDANE & 13-144 PPB GAMMA-CHLORDANE WERE MEASURED IN THE NEWTS. AFTER 3 YR NO CHLORDANE WAS DETECTED. CHLORDANE RANGED FROM 1193 PPB TO 34,094 PPB AFTER 14 DAYS, BUT WAS DECR CONSIDERABLY AFTER 45 DAYS. THE DECLINE OF CHLORDANE IN TROUT BODIES WAS SIMILAR TO THAT OF NEWTS. IN BOTH SPECIES, TRANS-NONACHLOR WAS THE MOST PERSISTENT CONSTITUENT, ACCOUNTING FOR 49-55% OF TOTAL.

For more Environmental Bioconcentration (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The extremely low mobility of chlordane within soil ... after 14 months and 72 inches (183 cm) of rainfall /was observed/. Chlordane was found not to have extensively penetrated below nine inches (23 cm). Most of the residues (85-90%) were found in the 0-3 inch (0-8 cm) cultivated layer. Nine to 15% and 1.2-1.6% were found in the 3-6 inch (8-15 cm) and 6-9 inch (15-23 cm) layers, respectively.

A Koc range of 20,000-76,000 was measured in soil near a hazardous waste site in Memphis, TN(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc range suggests that chlordane is expected to be immobile in soil. Less than 2% of applied chlordane reached the 15-23 cm depth zone in field tests in British Columbia conducted over a 16 month period with 225 cm of rainfall(3). Soil column leaching tests using five different soil types (sandy, sandy loams, and silty clay loam) found that in excess of 99% of applied chlordane was retained in the upper 10 cm of soil over an 80 day period(3). In general, sandy soils and soils with less organic matter retain chlordane less than soils with high clay and/or organic content(4).

The Henry's Law constant for chlordane is 4.86X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). The Henry's Law constants for gamma-chlordane and alpha-chlordane have been experimentally determined to be 1.3X10-3 and 8.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 23 °C, respectively, from distilled water(2). These Henry's Law constants indicate that chlordane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on the Henry's Law constant of chlordane, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 42 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 19 days(SRC). Chlordane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(6). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 103 years when adsorption is considered(4). Chlordane was found to volatilize from a flask containing natural water. However, when sediment was added to the flask, more than 80% of the chlordane initially in solution was recovered from the sediment after 12 weeks demonstrating that adsorption to sediment can significantly attenuate the importance of volatilization(9). Chlordane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg(5). In soil volatility studies, 2% of the chlordane sprayed onto a dry fallow soil surface was lost in 50 hrs while 50% was lost from a moist soil surface in 60 hrs(10). Dry soil was found to restrict vapor losses of chlordane and other pesticides; shallow incorporation into the soil greatly restricted volatilization losses(4). Chlordane volatilized quite rapidly from sprayed alfalfa plants with a 95% loss in 21 days(11). Nevertheless, based upon knowledge that the majority of the chlordane probably enters water as runoff from urban and agricultural soils(6) and that monitoring data indicate that sediment concn of chlordane are much higher in the overlying water(7,8), volatilization from surface waters may not be as fast as predicted(SRC).

GROUNDWATER: Chlordane was detected in 433 of 1076 samples collected in NJ between 1977-1979 with max concn of 0.4 ppb(1). Chlordane (unspecified isomers) had confirmed detections in Mississippi (1.80 ppb max - normal agricultural use origin), Indiana (0.04 ppb max - point source origin), and Kansas (7.90 ppb max - unknown origin)(2). Chlordane was detected, not quantified, in 4 out of an unspecified number of samples of ground water in California (detection limit and isomers not specified)(3). Technical chlordane residues were found in ground water samples collected quarterly from 3 of 4 golf courses on Cape Cod between April 1986 and August 1987; the avg concn at the positive sites ranged from 0.11 to 2.59 ppb and the overall range of concn was not detected (detection limit not specified) to 7.20 ppb(4). The presence of chlordane in the golf course ground water samples suggested to be due to either facilitated transport (i.e. macropore flow) or to cross contamination during well installation(4). Chlordane (unspecified isomers) was found in 1 of 103 farmstead wells in Kansas sampled from December 1985 through February 1986(5). Chlordane was detected at 0.06 ug/L in one out of 240 private water wells sampled in Illinois from March 1990 through February 1991(6).

DRINKING WATER: Chlordane was qualitatively detected in drinking water from New Orleans, LA and Kansas City, MO and KS(1). Chlordane (unspecified isomers) was detected at concn of 0.80 and 0.13 ug/L in drinking water from two tanks sampled between November 1986 and June 1987 of the New South Wales, Australia, northern coast; one of the tanks also contained oxychlordane at a concn of 0.5 ug/L(2). Chlordane was found in the drinking water of Pittsburgh, PA in December 1980 at concn ranging from <1.0 to 6,600 ppb(3). It was found in 22% of 63 drinking water samples from 7 US cities between 1965 and 1967(4). Chlordane was detected in drinking water samples collected in Chattanooga, TN on March 24, 1976 at concn up to 1,200 ppm(5).

SURFACE WATER: Chlordane was detected in 340 of 603 samples collected in NJ between 1977-1979 with a max concn of 0.8 ppb(1). cis- and trans-Chlordane have been positively detected in 56% of 820-827 USEPA STORET reporting stations; chlordane has been positively detected in 40% of 5250 reporting stations(2). An average chlordane concn of 0.059 ppb was found in nearshore tributary waters of Lake Superior in 1973-1976(3). gamma-Chlordane levels of 0.4-1.2 ppb were found in the lower Mississippi River during continuous monitoring in 1974(4). Mean concn of 0.1-0.4 ng/L were found in the Grand and Saugeen rivers (Ontario) in 1975-1977(5).

SURFACE WATER: Chlordane was found occasionally (<10% of samples pos) at up to 47 ng/L in water samples collected in 1975-1977 from streams in 11 agricultural watersheds in Ontario, Canada(1). During a 1975-1980 national surface water monitoring program, chlordane occurred in the surface water of 0.6% of the 177 stations in the US tested; a total of 2,943 samples were taken(2). Studies on the Great Lakes indicate that levels of the cis-isomer in water are approximately 2-3 times that of the trans-isomer(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U036, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

No practical chemical treatment is available for chlordane at this time. The basic objection to the use of alkali treatment is that several days to weeks contact time may be required to insure complete hydrolysis. For the disposal of excess chlordane: Incineration @ 980-1100 °C, with a residence time of a minimum of 1 sec. For the decontamination of chlordane containers, the triple rinse is recommended. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx 10% of the container's capacity, and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing of it by a method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide. Recommendable method: Incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for chlordane: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2762; Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, flashpoint less than 23 °C

UN 2761; Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic

IMO 3.0; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, flashpoint less than 23 °C

UN 2995; Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flashpoint not less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for CHLORDANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 131 70; Chlordane, liquid

49 093 20; Chlordane, liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Flammable Liquid Poison

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 21/22-40-50/53; S: (2)-36/37-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III