Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1247) of reports.

H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (> 99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (35.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (64.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (> 99.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334 (> 99.9%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H335 (99.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351 (> 99.9%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H412 (95.1%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1247 reports by companies from 34 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1247 reports by companies.

There are 33 notifications provided by 1246 of 1247 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate may be severe and include burning of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Cough, laryngitis, chest pain, tightness of the chest, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and enlargement of the right side of the heart may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects may include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Headache, insomnia, euphoria, depression, anxiety, paranoia, neuroses, and ataxia (incoordination) may also be noted.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. RUSH to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. RUSH to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

4. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

7. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

If water gets below the surface of the liquid, it will turn to steam and cause frothing. Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, boots and bands around legs, arms, and waist should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed.

Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Water gently applied to surface or foam may cause frothing which will extinguish the fire.

If material is on fire or involved in fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. Use water spray to absorb vapor. (EPA, 1998)

Use powder, carbon dioxide, water in large amounts. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

To fight fire, use dry chemical, ... /carbon dioxide/.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Toluene diisocyanate/

Where there is a fire involving isocyanates, carbon dioxide or powder extinguishers must be employed. Firemen must be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. /Isocyanates/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Special emergency response required.

Spillage: Neutralize with special mixt (50% water, 45% alc, 5% concn ammonia water), collect leaking liq in sealable containers (extra personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus).

Decontamination of spilled isocyanates and disposal of isocyanate waste are best conducted by using aqueous ammonia (3-8% concentrated ammonia solution in 90-95% water with 0.2-5% liquid detergent) or aqueous sodium carbonate (5-10% sodium carbonate in 90-95% water and 0.2-5% liquid detergent). An alcoholic solution (50% ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanol; 45% water; and 5% concentrated ammonia) may be preferred because of the low miscibility of isocyanates with water. /Isocyanates/

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING 10-20% (WT) OF A NONIONIC SURFACTANT, ARKOPAL-N100, WAS A USEFUL DECONTAMINATING AGENT FOR TOLYLENE DIISOCYANATE (TDI). THE SOLUTION CAN BE SPRAYED DIRECTLY ON SPILLS AS A LIQUID OR MAY BE APPLIED IN THE FORM OF A FOAM WHICH CAN BE GENERATED IN SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT. SOLID DECONTAMINANT FORMULATIONS WERE ALSO DEVELOPED WHICH CAN BE USED FOR GROUND SPILLS OF TDI.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Effect of water vapor on atmospheric toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was determined quantitatively. At 24 °C and atmospheric pressure maximum reduction of 50% was obtained for initial concentration of 0.4 and 0.034 ppm. The data suggest that increased humidity would be only marginally useful as a control method.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U223, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Concentrated wastes from distillation equipment are preferably burnt in special waste incinerators. This also holds for complex and concentrated wastes, which cannot be regenerated by distillation. Because of the high reactivity of TDI /toluene diisocyanate/ waste waters contain only reaction products from the reaction with water. These can be biodegraded by treatment with activated sludge. Recommendable methods: Incineration, alkaline hydrolysis, discharge to sewer. Not recommendable: Landfill. Peer-review: Avoid contact or inhalation, add TDI to excess dilute alkali, and discharge to sewer. TDI can react explosively with moisture. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Toluene diisocyanate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Controlled incineration: Oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Caution : Mixing with water may result in a violent reaction. Sources of extreme heat or ignition including sparks or fire may result in formation of toxic nitrogen oxide gases.

Shut off ignition sources; no smoking or flames in hazard area. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. If material is not on fire and not involved in fire; keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary; attempt to stop leak if without hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors. If material is leaking (not on fire), downwind evacuation must be considered. (EPA, 1998)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store between 20 °C and 25 °C. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper storage conditions.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, amines, and water. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.

Storage temp: 75-100 °F

Protect containers against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry, well- ventilated location, away from all possible ignition sources. Outdoors, detached or isolated storage is preferred. If stored in tanks, it should be blanketed with an inert gas such as nitrogen or with dry air. Care should be taken to prevent contact between isocyanates and strong alkali, which cause uncontrollable polymerization.

Storage in polyethylene containers is hazardous due to absorption of water through the plastic.

Isocyanates are transported in railroad tank cars, tank trucks, tanks in ships, containers, and drums. They are stored in steel tanks and processed in steel equipment. For long-term storage stainless steel is recommended. To avoid contamination by atmospheric moisture, a dry air or inert gas blanket is essential. /Isocyanates/

Store separated from amines, alcohols, bases and acids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Toluene diamine in urine (with hydrolysis) = 5 ug/g creatine at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.001 [ppm]

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Toluene diamine in urine at end of shift = 5 ug/g creatine; [TLVs and BEIs]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.020 [ppm]

0.083 [ppm]

0.51 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m³)

C 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3) See Appendix G

2.5 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for toluene­2,4­diisocyanate is 2.5 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Duncan et al. 1962]. Since in sensitized individuals, even concentrations below the OSHA PEL are capable of triggering the allergic response, the revised IDLH has not been based on data obtained from the exposures of individuals or animals sensitized to TDI.

2.5 ppm; NIOSH considers toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [2.5 ppm]

See: 584849

0.001 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vapor

0.005 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.005 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.02 ppm, sensitizer. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/

2011 Notice of Intended Changes: These substances, with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: Toluene-2,4-or2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture); Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.001 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor); Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.003 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor); Notations: skin, sensitization, A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.; Molecular Weight: 174.15; TLV Basis: Asthma. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/

(inhalable fraction and vapour): 0.001 ppm as TWA; 0.005 ppm as STEL; (skin); (DSEN); (RSEN); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); BEI issued.

0.001 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2015]

0.005 ppm [2015]

(vapour and aerosol): 0.007 mg/m

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

Toluene diisocyanate appears as a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Denser than water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the respiratory system. Toxic under prolonged exposure to vapor in low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations of vapor. Carcinogenic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make polyurethane foams and paints.

Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate appears as colorless to yellow or dark liquid or solid with a sweet, fruity, pungent odor. Melting point 68 °F (20 °C). Evolves CO2 when moist. This can cause over-pressurization in an enclosed space.Toxic and carcinogenic. Used in polyurethane foams, coatings in floor and wood finishes, sealers, paints, concrete sealers for aircraft and tank trucks, elastomers in clay pipe seals, elastomers and coatings, and crosslinking agent for nylon. Rate of onset: Immediate Persistence: Hours - weeks Odor threshold: 0.4 - 2 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Polyurethane (wood coatings, foam), nylon industries; skin irritant.

Colorless to pale-yellow solid or liquid (above 71 degrees F) with a sharp, pungent odor; [NIOSH]

Melting point = 20 deg C; [ChemIDplus] Colorless to yellow liquid or solid with a sweet, pungent, fruity odor; mp = 19.5-21.5 deg C; [INCHEM PIMs]

Clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor; [HSDB] Colorless to yellow liquid with a sharp odor; mp = 14 deg C; [Dow Chemical MSDS]

COLOURLESS-TO-PALE YELLOW LIQUID OR CRYSTALS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. TURNS PALE YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Colorless to pale-yellow solid or liquid (above 71 °F) with a sharp, pungent odor.

Water-white to pale yellow liquid

Clear faintly yellow liquid

Colorless to pale yellow, solid or liquid (above 71 °F)

Liquid at room temperature ... Darkens on exposure to sunlight

Clear colorless to pale yellow liquid; pungent odor

Sharp, pungent

484 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

484 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

BP: 126 °C at 11 mm Hg. Reacts with water with evolution of carbon dioxide.

Specific gravity: 1.22 at 25 °C; BP: 250 °C; FP: 11.3-13.5 °C /80% 2,4:20% 2,6/

125 °C; density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C /Toluene diisocyanate/

251 °C @760 [mm Hg]

67.1 to 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

67.1 to 70.7 °F (EPA, 1998)

MP: 11-14 °C (freezing point)

67.1-70.7 °F

250 °F (NTP, 1992)

270 °F (EPA, 1998)

260 °F (127 °C)

270 °F CLOSED CUP /80% 2,4:20% 2,6/

127 °C c.c.

270 °F for an 80/20% 2,4/ 2,6 TDI mixture

Reacts with water (NTP, 1992)

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether

Soluble in ether. acetone, and other organic solvents

Miscible with alcohol (decomposition). Miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, diglycol monomethyl ether, kerosene, olive oil

Solubility in water: reaction

Insoluble

1.22 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2244 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2244 at 20 °C/4 °C

Saturated liquid density: 75.879 lb/cu ft; liquid heat capacity: 0.398 Btu/lb-F; liquid thermal conductivity: 1.179 Btu-inch/hr-sq ft-F; liquid viscosity: 3.769 Centipoise (all at 85 °F)

Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide, reaction is slow at STP.

Reacts with water with the evolution of carbon dioxide and formation of insoluble polyureas that are relatively nontoxic and inert [Merck 11th ed. 1989)].

Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Polymerizable Compounds

Water-Reactive

Polymerizable

TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE is explosive in the form of vapor-air mixture when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Potentially violent polymerization reaction with strong bases or acyl chlorides. Reaction with aniline may generate enough heat to ignite unreacted portion and surrounding materials. Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide. Potential explosion if stored in polyethylene containers due to absorption of water through the plastic. Emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition[Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1251].

TOLUENE-2,4-DIISOCYANATE is explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Undergoes potentially violent polymerization reaction with strong bases or acyl chlorides. Reacts with water to liberate carbon dioxide. Potential explosion if stored in polyethylene containers due to absorption of water through the plastic. Emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1251].

Strong oxidizers, water, acids, bases, and amines (may cause foam and spatter); alcohols [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide and polyureas].

Liquid is heavier than water and reacts with water, forming carbon dioxide.

0.9-9.5 vol % in air. Reacts violently with amines, alcohols, bases and warm water, causing explosion hazards.

Reacts readily with cmpd containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids and alc; contact with bases, such as caustic soda and tertiary amines, may cause uncontrollable polymerization and rapid evolution of heat; high temp can cause formation of dimer.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 2,4-TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

It can react with aniline. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustibles and the material itself.

Strong oxidizers, water, acids, bases and amines (may cause foam and splatter); alcohols. [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide and polyureas.] /2,4-Toluene diisocyanate/

0.9-9.5 vol % in air. Reacts violently with amines, alcohols, bases and warm water, causing explosion hazards. /2,4-Toluene diisocyanate/

Strong oxidizers, water, acids, bases & amines (may cause foam & spatter); alcohols [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide and polyureas.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene diisocyanates in humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene diisocyanates in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: Toluene diisocyanates are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Toluene diisocyanates/

Toluene Diisocyanates: Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Toluene Diisocyanates/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/

Toluene Diisocyanate: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Toluene Diisocyanates/

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Blisters. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; choke, paroxysmal cough; chest pain, retrosternal (occurring behind the sternum) soreness; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; bronchitis, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), asthma; conjunctivitis, lacrimation (discharge of tears); dermatitis, skin sensitization; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Cancer, Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

[in animals: pancreas, liver, mammary gland, circulatory sys & skin tumors]

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

LC50 (rat) = 14 ppm/4 hr

LC50 (mouse) = 9.7 ppm/4hr

LD50: 1950 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (T14)

LD50: 5800 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LC50: 10 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (T22)

TCLo Human inhalation 0.5 ppm

LC50 Rat inhalation 14 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 10 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Guinea pig inhalation 13 ppm/4 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 194900 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 143800-278600 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 172100 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 118100-250400 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 164500 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 108800-240400 ug/L)

6.40e+00

2.70e+01

8.30e-03

3.50e-02

1.70e-02

1.00e+03

2.50e-04

3.90e-02

Volatile

1.90e+01

8.00e+01

2.50e-02

1.10e-01

5.00e-02

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate's production and use in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Commercial toluene diisocyanate (TDI) typically contains 80% of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,4-toluene diisocyanate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-toluene diisocyanate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days. Atmospheric degradation may also occur through contact with clouds, fog or rain. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to moist soil, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate is not expected to leach or adsorb to solids due to its rapid degradation reaction with water. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% of its theoretical BOD in four weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. Based upon data for the mixture, if spilled on wet land, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate is rapidly degraded by reaction with moisture. If released into water, a crust forms around the liquid TDI and <0.5% of the original material remains after 35 days. Low concentrations of TDI hydrolyze in the aqueous environment in approximately a day. Occupational exposure to 2,4-toluene diisocyanate occurs through inhalation of vapors and aerosols and through dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. The general population may be exposed to 2,4-toluene diisocyanate through the use of commercially available urethane adhesives containing this compound. (SRC)

Toluene diisocyanate's production and use in adhesives, coatings manufacture, elastomers, and inflexible and rigid foams may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates toluene diisocyanate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase toluene diisocyanate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hrs. Atmospheric degradation may also occur through contact with clouds, fog or rain. Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to moist soil, toluene diisocyanate is not expected to adsorb to soil due to its rapid degradation reaction with water. In one experiment simulating a spill, 5.5% of the original tolulene diisocyanate remained after 24 hours and in a field situation, the concentration declined to the ppm level in 12 weeks. If released to water, toluene diisocyanate is not expected to leach or adsorb to solids or sediments due to its rapid degradation reaction with water. If toluene diisocyanate is released into water in a spill situation, a crust forms around the liquid toluene diisocyanate and <0.5% of the original material remains after 35 days. Low concentrations of toluene diisocyanate hydrolyze in the aqueous environment in approximately a day. Toluene diisocyanate is not expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with these compound at workplaces where toluene diisocyanate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to toluene diisocyanate via use of consumer products containing this compound. (SRC)

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate's production and use in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Levels of 100-17,700 ug/cu m toluene diisocyanate were reported in samples from the stack exhaust of a polyurethane foam production plant.

Toluene diisocyanate's production and use in adhesives, coatings manufacture, elastomers(1), and inflexible and rigid foams(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols(1). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8X10-3 mm Hg(2). Based on data for the mixture toluenediisocyanate (TDI) (2,4- plus 2,6-isomers), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate may not be stable in the terrestrial environment(SRC). In a simulated spill, 5 kg of TDI in a container was covered with 50 kg of sand and 5 kg of water at ambient temperatures and samples taken from the top and bottom of the sand pile(3). After 24 hr, 5.5% of the TDI remained unreacted and after 8 days 3.5% remained(5). The reaction product was largely polyureas(3). Ten days after a spill of 13 tons of TDI onto a swampy, wet forest soil, TDI and toluenediamines were found in the soil(2,3). The TDI solidified and the area was covered with sand. The soil concentration of TDI and toluenediamine combined declined from the parts per thousand to parts per million range between 10 days and 12 weeks after the spill(3). One year later, neither TDI nor toluenediamine could be found in soil samples(4). After 6 years, only TDI-derived polyureas were found at the site in soil samples at depths to 100 cm(4). A 0% theoretical BOD for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate incubated four weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols(1). Based on data for the mixture, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate may not be stable in the aquatic environment(SRC). When low concentrations of toluene diisocycanate (TDI) are released into model river or seaway systems, it hydrolyzes within a day(2). An experiment was performed to simulate a spill into running water by pouring 0.5 liter of TDI into 20 liters of slowly overflowing water(3). Barely detectable amounts of toluenediamine were present in the overflow samples. As in the stagnant water simulation, a crust formed that contained <0.5% of the original TDI after 35 days(3). A 0% theoretical BOD for 2,4-toluenediisocyante incubated four weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(4) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, which has a vapor pressure of 8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-toluene diisocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Atmospheric degradation may also occur through contact with clouds, fog or rain. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols(1); therefore, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. In one experiment simulating a spill, 5.5% of the toluene diisocyanate (TDI) remained after 24 hours and in a field situation, the concentration of TDI had declined to the ppm level in 12 weeks(2). Toluene diisocyanate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols(1); therefore, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. In one experiment simulating a spill, 5.5% of the toluene diisocyanate (TDI) remained after 24 hours and in a field situation, the concentration of TDI had declined to the ppm level in 12 weeks(2). Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to this rapid hydrolysis(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which has a vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase toluene diisocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.07X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Atmospheric degradation may also occur through contact with clouds, fog or rain. Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Various process wastewaters from a petrochemical complex were subjected to biodegradability tests. Biodegradation tests on 2,4-toluene diisocyanate revealed 15% COD removal and 23% TOC removal of applied concentration(1). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanae present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in four weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).

Toluene diisocyanates are expected to be hydrolyzed much more rapidly than they are attacked by microorganisms. The resulting toluene diamines are subject to a wide variety of biochemical transformations. /Toluene diisocyanates/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The reaction product of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate vapor with limited quantities of moisture was reported to be 3,3'-diisocyanto-4,4'-dimethylcarbanilide(2). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols. Contact with bases may cause uncontrollable polymerization with rapid evolution of heat. Hydrolysis of one of the isocyanate groups to the amine will be followed by rapid reaction of the amine with an isocyanate group on another molecule leading to dimers, oligomers, and polymers unless the solution is very dilute(3). In one experiment the hydrolysis product yield was 20% diamine and 80% polyurea(4). When 50 ppm of toluene diisocyanate was added to a model river and seawater systems, the concentration was 0.1 ppm or less at the end of 1 day(5).

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Experimental studies considering the gas-phase reaction of water vapor and toluene diisocyanate (2,4- and 2,6-isomers) in the atmosphere have determined that this reaction does not proceed rapidly (and possibly, not at all) in air(1,2); reaction between water vapor and TDI does not control the lifetime and fate of TDI in air(3). Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber to assess the importance of photolysis, reaction with free radicals, and adsorption onto particulate matter as atmospheric removal processes(3); the loss rate of TDI (2,4- plus 2,6-isomers) in irradiated clean air was first order with a half-life of 3.3 hr(3); it was shown that free radicals, and not photolysis, was responsible for the removal(3); the half-life was consistent with estimated reaction rates via hydroxyl radicals(3); adsorption to particulate matter was negligible(3). In order to simulate a spill of TDI in stagnant water, 0.5 liters of TDI was poured into 20 liters of water at pH 5, 7, or 9 at 20 °C. A hard compact crust formed at the water-TDI interface(4). This crust thickened over a period of 30 days until no liquid TDI remained. The solid crust contained <0.5% of the original TDI after 35 days(4). Another experiment was performed to simulate a spill into running water by pouring 0.5 liters of TDI into 20 liters of slowly overflowing water. Barely detectable amounts of toluenediamine were present in the overflow samples. As in the stagnant water simulation, a crust formed that contained <0.5% of the original TDI after 35 days(4). /Toluene diisocyanate/

Ten days after a spill of 13 tons of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) onto swampy, wet forest soil, TDI and toluenediamines were found in the soil(1,2). The TDI solidified and the area was covered with sand. The soil concentration of TDI and toluenediamine combined declined from the parts per thousand to parts per million range between 10 days and 12 wk after the spill(2). No TDI was detected in a connecting brook 10 days after the spill(3). After 6 years, only TDI-derived polyureas were found at the site(2). In a simulated spill, 5 kg of TDI in a container was covered with 50 kg of sand and 5 kg of water at ambient temperatures and samples taken from the top and bottom of the sand pile. After 24 hr, 5.5% of the TDI remained unreacted and after 8 days 3.5% remained(3). The reaction product was largely polyureas(3). /Toluene diisocyanate/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 7.07X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Toluene diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2), and therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Toluene diisocyanate reacts readily with compounds containing active hydrogens, such as water, acids, and alcohols(1). Contact with bases may cause uncontrollable polymerization with rapid evolution of heat(1). In concentrated solutions, hydrolysis of one of the isocyanate groups to the amine is followed by rapid reaction of the amine with an isocyanate group on another molecule leading to dimers, oligimers, and polymers(1). In one experiment the hydrolysis product yield for toluene diisocyanate was 20% diamine and 80% polyurea(2). When 50 ppm of toluene diisocyanate was added to model river and seawater systems, the concentration fell to 0.1 ppm or less at the end of 1 day(3).

Gas phase loss of toluene diisocyanate was originally thought to be due to reaction of toluene diisocyanate with water vapor(1). One early work showed that the % disappearance of toluene diisocyanate in air depended almost solely on the water vapor concentration, increasing 3.2%/unit increase in absolute humidity (g water/kg dry air), so that at 15g water/kg dry air, a 50% reduction in toluene diisocyanate was obtained(1). These reductions were obtained after 8 sec and did not differ appreciably after 75 seconds(1). More recent work contradicted these earlier findings and a program was instituted to study the gas-phase reactions between toluene diisocyanate and water using a room sized environmental chamber(2). They found that over a relative humidity range of 7-70%, the loss rate of toluene diisocyanate was independent of humidity and no toluenediamine or toluene diisocyanate-urea products could be detected(2). No evidence of gas phase reaction between water and toluene diisocyanate could be detected. The loss of toluene diisocyanate was due to adsorption to the chamber walls(2).

Experiments were performed in the environmental chamber to assess the importance of toluene diisocyanate's photolysis, reaction with free radicals, and adsorption onto particulate matter as atmospheric removal processes. The loss rate of toluene diisocyanate in irradiated clean air was first order with a half-life of 3.3 hrs. By using a free radical scavenger, it was shown that free-radicals and not photolysis was responsible for the removal. The half-life is consistent with the reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals. The addition of a urban surrogate hydrocarbon mixture (polluted urban air), did not significantly alter removal rates(1). The concentration of hydroxyl radicals generally increases in polluted air resulting in shorter half-lives which were not observed in the above study(SRC).

For more Environmental Abiotic Degradation (Complete) data for TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U223, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Concentrated wastes from distillation equipment are preferably burnt in special waste incinerators. This also holds for complex and concentrated wastes, which cannot be regenerated by distillation. Because of the high reactivity of TDI /toluene diisocyanate/ waste waters contain only reaction products from the reaction with water. These can be biodegraded by treatment with activated sludge. Recommendable methods: Incineration, alkaline hydrolysis, discharge to sewer. Not recommendable: Landfill. Peer-review: Avoid contact or inhalation, add TDI to excess dilute alkali, and discharge to sewer. TDI can react explosively with moisture. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Toluene diisocyanate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Controlled incineration: Oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. /Toluene diisocyanate/

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Toluene diisocyanate/

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Toluene diisocyanate/

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Toluene diisocyanate/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,4-TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2078; Toluene diisocyanate

IMO 6.1; Toluene diisocyanate

49 215 75; Toluene diisocyanate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+; R: 26-36/37/38-40-42/43-52/53; S: (1/2)-23-36/37-45-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II