3-aminophenol

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302+H332 (24.5%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H317 (30.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H332 (99.5%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (29.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411 (96.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 425 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P308+P316, P319, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this chemical can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Aminophenols/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Aminophenols/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Spill handling: keep dust under control. Use a vacuum or wet method to reduce dust during clean-up. Do not sweep. Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection of your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. /Aminophenols/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration. /Aminophenols/

... Disposable natural rubber latex gloves and disposable PVC gloves should not be used repeatedly for handling the hair dye products /p-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, and p-phenylenediamine/.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Aminophenols/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Aminophenols/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Aminophenols must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), since violent reactions occur. /Aminophenols/

0.62 [mg/m3]

6.8 [mg/m3]

41 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. /Aminophenols/

M-aminophenol appears as white crystals or off-white flakes. (NTP, 1992)

Large Crystals; Liquid

White solid; [Hawley] Off-white flakes; [MSDSonline]

White prisms from toluene or water

White crystals

327 °F at 11 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

164 °C at 11 mm Hg

284 °C @760 [mm Hg]

253 to 259 °F (NTP, 1992)

1 to 10 mg/mL at 75 °F (NTP, 1992)

Freely soluble in amyl alcohol and hot water; soluble in 40 parts cold water; very slightly soluble in petroleum ether

Soluble in toluene; very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide

Soluble in alkalies; slightly soluble in ligroin

Slightly soluble in benzene, toluene, chloroform; soluble in cold water; very soluble in acetonitrile, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, hot water

In water, 26.3 g/L (2.63x10+4 mg/L) at 20 °C

1.195 g/cu cm

0.00955 [mmHg]

log Kow = 0.21 at pH 5.6

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

Positive

Agilent XCT

Electrospray ionization

formic acid (5.3nM)

MeCN (80%)

DOI:10.1007/s13361-016-1563-2

pK1 = 4.37 at 20 °C; pK2 = 9.815 at 20 °C (conjugate acid)

Heat of formation = -194.1 kJ/mol

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Angular frequency

Chemical shift

Crystal structure

Diamagnetic susceptibility

External quantum efficiency

Formula unit

Fusion temperature

Luminescence

Luminescence emission linewidth

Magnetic susceptibility

Melting temperature

Phase transition

This compound may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light. Slightly soluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

Amines, Aromatic

M-AMINOPHENOL may react with strong oxidizers and mineral acids or bases. (NTP, 1992)

Strong oxidants. /Aminophenols/

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

3-Aminophenol interacts with both adult and fetal hemoglobin, forming methemoglobin. In comparison to its isomers, 2-aminophenol and 4-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol is the least effective in forming methemoglobin. Since methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen like hemoglobin can, elevated levels of methemoglobin cause a condition called methemoglobinemia, which can result in tissue hypoxia. (L1613, A2862)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

3-Aminophenol may act as a skin sensitizer and cause contact dermatitis. In addition, inhalation of large amounts can cause methemoglobinemia and bronchial asthma. (T21)

Oral (L138) ; inhalation (L138)

3-Aminophenol may cause contact dermatitis. Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may include shortness of breath, cyanosis, mental status changes, headache, fatigue, exercise intolerance, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Severe methemoglobinemia can result in dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, and death. (T21, L1613)

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

m-Aminophenol

8 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

3 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 1,162 mg/m3

LD50: 150 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LD50: 750 mg/kg (Oral, Quail) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 1000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 920 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 401 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 150 mg/kg

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

An investigation was carried out of the effects of ortho-aminophenol (95556) (o-AP), meta-aminophenol (591275) (m-AP), para-aminophenol (123308) (p-AP) & acetaminophen (103902) (AAP) on the induction of preneoplastic lesions in the liver & kidney of male Fischer-344-rats by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (13147256) (EHEN). The rats in this 52 wk investigation included those give 0.1% EHEN in their drinking water for 2 wk & then, beginning 1 wk later, given 0.8% of either o-AP, m-AP, p-AP or AAP in the basal diet for 49 wk; those given EHEN & thereafter only the basal diet; & those given one of the test cmpds without prior EHEN admin. Body, liver & kidney weights were determined for sacrificed rats, & liver sections were subjected to immunohistochemical exam of glutathione-S-transferase placental type (GSTP) positive foci. The numbers of GSTP positive foci in the liver were significantly decreased in rats given o-AP, m-AP, p-AP or AAP after EHEN as compared to values for rats given EHEN alone. However, lowered incidences of GSTP positive foci were observed only in rats given o-AP or AAP after EHEN. Only p-AP & AAP gave significantly higher incidences of microadenoma & adenoma in the kidney.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Aqueous solutions of 1.0% 3-aminopheol (MAP) and 0.5% 4-aminophenol (PAP) were tested for depigmentation and discoloration after repeated topical application to the skin on one of the forearms of 26 volunteers (20 black and 6 white). The subjects were separated into 2 groups of 13; 1 group received 0.1 5 mL applications of the PAP solution, and the other group received 0.1 5 mL of the MAP solution. Sites were washed by the subjects 1 hr after application of the solutions. The solutions were applied to the same sites for 3 consecutive days the first week and for 4 consecutive days the second and third weeks. Three days after the 11th application, the subjects' arms were evaluated for "circumscribed areas on either forearm in which the skin color appeared different from that of the surrounding area." Subjects were asked to comment on the test procedure or any adverse effects experienced during the study. There was no evidence of skin color changes, lightening or darkening, in any of the 6 white subjects. No lightening of skin color was observed in any of the black subjects. A slight darkening of the skin of 2 black subjects treated with the PAP solution was noted. Slight to moderate primary skin irritation was found in I subject after three to seven applications of the PAP solution.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A semiocclusive (open) repeated insult patch test was conducted with 3-aminophenol (MAP) in a 3% solution (aqueous alcohol and surfactants/suspending agents similar to Schultz vehicle II) using 115 normal volunteer subjects, 99 of whom completed the study. Reasons for withdrawal from the study were not treatment related. One subject had a + reaction after the fifth induction patch. Reactions scoring +* (definite erythema and minimal or doubtful edema) and + were observed in a subject after the first and fourth induction patches. This subject (female, Caucasian) also had +* reactions 48 and 72 hr after challenge patch application, indicative of presensitization. A rechallenge patch test was performed on this subject using MAP and a hair-coloring shampoo formulation that were applied directly to the skin of the antecubital fossae and left uncovered. A + reaction after 24 hr and +* reactions after 48 and 72 hr were observed at sites challenged with MAP. A +* reaction after 24 hr and + reactions after 48 and 72 hr were observed at sites challenged with the formulation, indicating the subject's sensitization to both MAP and the formulation. The investigators noted that the subject's regular use of another hair-coloring shampoo formulation, with which she experienced transient itching, indicated the "likelihood of low level sensitization which is probably not clinically significant." Another subject (male, Hispanic) had a +* reaction 72 hr after application of the challenge patch. When this subject was rechallenged at other sites, he developed + reactions 72 hr after patch application to the back and 48 and 72 hr after patch application to the forearm. A low level of sensitization was found in this subject.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A semiocciusive (open) repeated insult patch test was conducted with a 3% preparation of 3-aminophenol (MAP) in Schultz vehicle II (aqueous solution of isopropanol, a cellulose polymer, polysorbate 80, and sodium sulfite). MAP was described as a yellow gel. One hundred fourteen normal volunteers enrolled in the 6-week study; 98 subjects completed it (completion entailed having had </= 6 applications and scoring during induction and at least one challenge reading). Reasons for withdrawal from the study were not treatment related. Each patch contained 0.1 mL of the MAP solution and was applied to the intrascapular area of the subjects' backs. Ten 48-72-hr consecutive induction patch applications were made, and reactions were scored after removal of each patch. After an 11-day nontreatment period, an identical type of patch was applied for 48 hr as a challenge to a previously unexposed site on the subjects' backs. Reactions were scored after removal of the patch and 24 hr later. There were 24 doubtful reactions (barely perceptible erythema, only slightly different from surrounding skin) during the induction phase. Three subjects had + reactions (definite erythema and no edema) during the first half of the induction phase; one subject had + reactions after the 9th and 10th induction patches. No reaction scoring greater than + was observed during the induction phase (max reaction possible was + + +). There were no reactions to challenge patches.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In 80 patients, positive to at least one hapten of the para group (para-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, benzocaine, PPD mix), patch tests were carried out with freshly prepared solutions of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and of 3 selected aromatic compounds related structurally to PPD (para-aminophenol, ortho-aminophenol, hydroquinone). The number of positive reactions correlated with the rate of decomposition of the substances as evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PPD, which was almost decomposed after 24 hr, gave the highest number of positive reactions, followed by ortho-aminophenol and by para-aminophenol, while hydroquinone, which was oxidized to the extent of 35%, did not give any reactions ... The results suggest that the rate of decomposition and therefore the amount of quinone(s) generated, might be the key to eliciting patch test responses to oxidizable aromatic haptens.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3-Aminophenol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ M-Aminophenol is a mild irritant to rabbit skin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The toxicity of three isomeric aminophenols was studied. Meta-aminophenol was acutely more toxic than ortho-aminophenol and para-aminophenol. The results of methemoglobin and Heinz body study showed that all isomeric forms are not critical methemoglobin formers in mice. Blood reduced glutathione decreased after administration of aminophenol, especially meta-aminophenol. However, no great difference was observed in changes in tissue reduced glutathione levels. meta-Aminophenol remained as a free form in vitro when it was incubated with reduced glutathione and bovine serum albumin and in plasma after administration. This continuation as a free form seemed to play some role in the acute toxicity as well as neurological symptoms only found in the animals administered with meta-aminophenol. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase increased with aminophenol administration, in a dose dependent manner in the para-aminophenol administration groups. Histopathological studies revealed that para-aminophenol, ortho-aminophenol, and meta-aminophenol had slight nephrotoxic effects. Electron microscopy showed the change in mitochondria reported previously in vitro studies, and also lysosomes increased with appearance of myeloid bodies.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 4-Aminophenol (PAP) and 3-aminophenol (MAP) were tested for photosensitization using groups of 16 Hartley strain albino guinea pigs (8 M/8 F) weighing 400-650 g. A group of 8 Hartley guinea pigs (4 M/4 F) was treated with 5% musk ambrette as a positive control. ... A 150 W xenon lamp (wavelength range included UVA, UVB, and visible light) was used at a distance from the skin of approximately 4.6 cm. For UVA irradiation, a WG-345 filter was attached to the light source. After determining the MED (minimum erythemal dose) for UVA (14 mm) and UVB (90 sec) of the animals, 0.1 mL of 10% PAP, 10% MAP, or 5% musk ambrette was applied at shaved, depilated sites on the nuchal area for 4 consecutive days during the first induction week. Sites were irradiated with UVA light at 1/2 MED, then scored for irritation 24 hr after application. During the second and third induction weeks, 0.1 mL of the test materials were applied to the same sites for 4 days and sites were irradiated with UVB light at 1 MED. On the first and third days of these weeks, a 0.1 mL intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant in physiological saline (1:1) was administered to each animal at four different sites surrounding the 1.8 cm area test site. After a 2-week nontreatment period, animals were challenged at the same test sites with 0.1 mL of 5% concentrations of PAP, MAP, or musk ambrette (as positive control) for 3 consecutive days. After application of the test materials, part of the site was irradiated with UVB light at 1/2 MED for 1 hr, another part was irradiated with UVA light at 1/2 MED for 1 hr, and the remaining part received no irradiation. Challenged sites were scored 24 hr after each application. Animals in groups administered PAP and MAP received a rechallenge involving a single application of an oxidation dye formulation containing 7.5% PAP or 17.0% MAP, respectively, 9 days after the initial challenge. ... The dyes were mixed 1:1 with a developer and applied to the sites. Sites were irradiated as in the initial challenge and scored 24 hr after application. There was no evidence of irritation during the induction phase, although yellow discoloration from MAP and light brown discoloration from PAP were observed. Significant irritation was noted in the area of the injection sites for Freund's adjuvant. Slight to mild erythema was observed at all three sites in 5 of 16 animals challenged with 5% PAP. Slight to moderate erythema was observed at all three sites (UVA, UVB, and no UV irradiation) in 7-12 of 16 animals challenged with 5% MAP. Seven of eight animals challenged with 5% musk ambrette had moderate erythema at all three sites in all 16 animals challenged with the oxidation dye system containing 7.5% PAP and in none to well-defined erythema in 1-3 of 16 animals challenged with the system containing 17.00% MAP. The investigators concluded that, under conditions of this test, both MAP and PAP appeared to induce a contact hypersensitivity reaction in the guinea pig; however, there was no appreciable evidence that these materials induced contact photosensitivity in guinea pigs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 3-Aminophenol (MAP) was tested for skin irritation using 6 adult NZW rabbits. A volume of 0.5 mL of a 3% solution of MAP in Schultz vehicle II (aqueous solution of isopropanol, a cellulose polymer, polysorbate 80, and sodium sulfite) was applied to the clipped, intact back of each animal. The test site was scored for irritation after 24 hr. Another application of 0.5 mL was made after scoring. This second application was scored 24 hr later. Seventy-two hours later, a third application was made, then scored after 24 hr. Scoring was performed using a modified Draize method. No erythema or edema was observed throughout the treatment and observation periods.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3-Aminophenol (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Quail oral 750 mg/kg

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa, B-III); Conditions: freshwater; Concentration: 2.55 mg/L (2550 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: Population growth rate

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa, B-III); Conditions: freshwater; Concentration: 2.9 mg/L (2900 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: Population growth rate

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (zebra danio, eggs); Conditions: freshwater, static, 26 °C, dissolved oxygen >7 mg/L; Concentration: 22.34 mg/L (22.13-22.55 mg/L) (22340 ug/L (22130-22550 ug/L)) for 72 hr /formulated product, 99% pure/

5.10e+03

LD50 Quail oral 750 mg/kg

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa, B-III); Conditions: freshwater; Concentration: 2.55 mg/L (2550 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: Population growth rate

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa, B-III); Conditions: freshwater; Concentration: 2.9 mg/L (2900 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: Population growth rate

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (zebra danio, eggs); Conditions: freshwater, static, 26 °C, dissolved oxygen >7 mg/L; Concentration: 22.34 mg/L (22.13-22.55 mg/L) (22340 ug/L (22130-22550 ug/L)) for 72 hr /formulated product, 99% pure/

5.10e+03

6.60e+04

1.60e+03

4.00e+00

6.10e-01

8.00e-02

Volatile

1.50e+04

2.00e+05

4.80e+03

3-Aminophenol's production and use as a hair dye and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.86X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 3-aminophenol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-aminophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. 3-Aminophenol absorbs light at wavelengths of 270 nm (0.1 M HCl) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 3-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 90. However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group, suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils. Measured pKa values are 4.37 and 9.815 for the amine and hydroxy functional groups, respectively. This compound is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks, indicating that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, 3-aminophenol may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Based on two grab studies, 3-aminophenol appears to be slowly mineralized, from 0.4 to 0.7% per day, in aquifer solids and degraded by 37% in 16 days in soil. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of <4 and <40 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 3-aminophenol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-aminophenol is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 3-aminophenol via dermal contact with consumer products, particularly hair dye products, containing 3-aminophenol. (SRC)

3-Aminophenol's production and use as a hair dye and chemical intermediate(1,2), particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 90(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Measured pKa values are 4.37 and 9.815(5) for the amine and hydroxy functional groups, respectively(6). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(7). Volatilization of 3-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(8). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.86X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(9). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Under aerobic conditions, 3-aminophenol, added to aquifer solids from an uncontaminated aquifer, was slowly mineralized from 0.04 to 0.07% per day(11). 3-Aminophenol was degraded by 37% in 16 days in a soil grab study(12). Under denitrifying conditions in sediment, 3-aminophenol was mineralized following a long lag phase at a rate of 10.0 umol/L/day(13). 3-Aminophenol was not mineralized under methanogenic conditions in a 26-week sediment grab sample study(12).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 90(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-aminophenol may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Reported pKa values of 4.37 and 9.815(5) indicate 3-aminophenol will exist almost entirely as the neutral species at pH values of 5 to 9(6). According to a classification scheme(7), BCFs of <4 and <40 in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(8), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Based on two grab studies, 3-aminophenol appears to be slowly mineralized, from 0.4 to 0.7% per day(9), in aquifer solids and degraded by 37% in 16 days in soil(10). Under denitrifying conditions in sediment, 3-aminophenol was mineralized following a long lag phase at a rate of 10.0 umol/L/day(11). 3-Aminophenol was not mineralized under methanogenic conditions in a 26-week sediment grab sample study(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-aminophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-aminophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 3-Aminophenol absorbs light at wavelengths of 270 nm (in 0.1 M HCl)(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 3-Aminophenol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). 3-Aminophenol is generally resistant to biodegradation in a series of screening tests; 0% theoretical BOD was reached in a 14-day MITI test, 0% CO2 was reported over 28 days in the Sturm test, 7% dissolved organic carbon removal over 19 days was reported in a conventional OECD screening test and 0% theoretical BOD was reached in 30 days in a conventional closed bottle test(2). In the Zahn-Wellens test, 93% dissolved organic carbon removal was reported after 10 days while in a coupled units test, 94% dissolved organic carbon was removed after 14 days(2). When the inoculum was preacclimated, 97% dissolved organic carbon removal in 19 days was reported in the modified OECD screening test but only 1% theoretical BOD was reached in 30 days in the closed bottle test(3). A ring test using a respirometric method similar to the Modified MITI I method (OECD Method 310C) was conducted on 3-aminophenol; after 28 days, 6 of 12 laboratories reported 0% theoretical oxygen demand, with the remaining laboratories reporting mean and median of 5 and 27% theoretical oxygen demand, respectively(4). In a wastewater treatment simulation test with a 13-hour sewage retention time, 99% dissolved organic carbon removal was reported following a lag phase of 29 days(5).

AEROBIC: Activated sludge, acclimated to combined wastewater from a 3-aminophenol manufacturing plant, was used in a continuously operating bench scale activated sludge system; 3-aminophenol was completely removed during its operation(1-2). 3-Aminophenol was not degraded over 25 days in a screening study using soil as an inoculum(3). 3-Aminophenol was not degraded over 64 days, as measured by loss of UV absorbancy due to cleavage of the benzene ring, in a screening study using a soil inoculum and 3-aminophenol at 10 ppm(4). At 14 and 28 days, 3-aminophenol reached 0 and 67-69% of its theoretical CO2 production, respectively; initial concentration was 10.5 mg/L(5). In the closed bottle test, 68 and 73% biodegradation was reported in 28 and 42 days, respectively, for 3-aminophenol(6). A rate constant of 0.114X10-2 per hour was measured for 3-aminophenol in a screening test using a non-adapted activated sludge inoculum(7). 3-Aminophenol had a 90.5% chemical oxygen demand removal using an adapted activated sludge inoculum at 10.6 mg chemical oxygen demand/g dry inoculum/hr(8). In the EEC respirometric ring test, 0, 1, 4, and 70% of the theoretical oxygen demand was reached by day 28(8). In a repetitive Die-Away test, 65 and 77% of the theoretical oxygen demand was reached by day 28 and 42, respectively(8).

AEROBIC: 3-Aminophenol, added to aquifer solids from an uncontaminated aquifer in Lula OK, at 54 and 559 ng/g soil, was mineralized at 0.07 and 0.04% per day, respectively, under aerobic conditions(1). 3-Aminophenol was degraded by 37% in 16 days in a soil grab study; soil was pH 8.0 and 0.9% organic matter(2). Samples of the natural microbial community from Lake Michie were adapted to humic acids at concentrations of 100, 300, or 600 ug/L before addition of 3-aminophenol(3). Uptake of 3-aminophenol followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with greater uptake rates, up to 0.9 ug/L/hr, reported for the communities adapted to humic acids at lower concentrations(3).

ANAEROBIC: Only 9% of the theoretical gas production was reported for 3-aminophenol over 60 days in a screening study using methanogenic primary digesting sludge(1). In an anaerobic screening study using 100 mg-C/L sewage and 3-aminophenol at 30 mg-C/L, <5% degradation was reached over 28 days(2). 3-Aminophenol, incubated in sediment under denitrifying conditions, showed an initial lag phase of 15 to 21 weeks followed by degradation at a rate of 10 umol/L/day; 92% of theoretical N2 was recovered over the 31-week study(3). 3-Aminophenol was not mineralized under methanogenic conditions in a 26-week sediment grab sample study(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3-aminophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 3-Aminophenol absorbs light at wavelengths at 270 nm (in 0.1 M HCl)(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 3-Aminophenol has both amine and hydroxy functional groups(5); the pKa values for these groups are 4.37 and 9.815, respectively(4). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(6).

BCFs of <4 and <40 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were reported for a 6 week study using 1 and 0.1 mg/L 3-aminophenol, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3-aminophenol can be estimated to be 90(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Measured pKa values are 4.37 and 9.815(5) for the amine and hydroxy functional groups, respectively(6). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(7). At pH 7.7, 12% of added 3-aminophenol was sorbed by an organoclay(8).

The Henry's Law constant for 3-aminophenol is estimated as 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3-aminophenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.86X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 3-aminophenol is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 46,972 workers (35,196 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 3-aminophenol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 3-aminophenol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-aminophenol is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 3-aminophenol via dermal contact with consumer products, particularly hair dye products, containing 3-aminophenol(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration. /Aminophenols/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Aminophenols/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Aminophenols/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Aminophenols/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Aminophenols/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-Aminophenol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2512; Aminophenols (o-,m-,p-).

IMO 6.1; Aminophenols (o-, m-, p-)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.