1-hexene

H225 (97.5%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (85.8%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H319 (16.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P331, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 317 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P331, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

SKIN OR EYES: wash exposed skin areas with soap and water; thoroughly flush eyes with water to remove any splashes; launder contaminated clothing before reuse. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from oxidants. Cool. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

150 [ppm]

500 [ppm]

5000 [ppm]

50.0 [ppm]

50 ppm as TWA

50 ppm [1999]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

ERPG-1: Not appropriate - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 500 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 5,000 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Approved organic vapor respirator or air-line mask; protective goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1-hexene appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum like odor. Flash point -9 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent, paint thinner, and chemical reaction medium.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a mild, gasoline-like odor; [ACGIH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.

Colorless liquid

146.3 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

63.4 °C @ 760 mm Hg

64.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-219.6 °F (USCG, 1999)

-139.7 °C

-219.6 °F

-139.9 °C

-15 °F (USCG, 1999)

BELOW 20 °F (BELOW -7 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

-26 °C c.c.

Very sol in ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, and petroleum ether

In water, 50 mg/l at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.005

0.673 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6731 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

0.6732 @25 °C

3.0 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.9

184.0 [mmHg]

183.7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 18.7

183.7 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 3.39

521 °F (USCG, 1999)

487 °F (253 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

0.39 sq mm/s

Index of refraction: 1.3837 at 20 °C/D

Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 3.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Schoenflies notation

Activity

Azeotropes

Boiling point

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Highly Flammable

1-HEXENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas.

... CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Sore throat. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.

Dry skin.

Redness.

See Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

LC50 (rat) = 32,000 ppm/4H

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

A low moderate irritant to the skin and eyes.

When inhaled, it produces CNS depression in humans at a concentration of about 0.1%, with accompanying mucous membrane irritation, vertigo, vomiting, and cyanosis.

The toxicity of shale oil components, including 1-hexene, to a mixed marine bacterial culture was assessed using an acute static bioassay protocol. Of the aliphatic cmpd studied, only 1-hexene exerted a toxic effect with a log EC10 of -0.49 m/l. However, the calc log EC15 of 0.46 indicates a value > 100% saturation, therefore, 1-hexene was designated not toxic up to levels of 100% saturation in sea water.

The minimal concentration causing CNS depression in mice was 2.9% or 29,100 ppm, and the minimal fatal concentration was 4.08% or 40,800 ppm.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

1-Hexene's production and use in the synthesis of flavors, perfumes, dyes and resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 183.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-hexene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-hexene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 10 and 23 hours, respectively. If released to soil, 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,660. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Hexene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water. If released into water, 1-hexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 87 hours, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. An estimated BCF of 81 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to 1-hexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-hexene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-hexene via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1-hexene. (SRC)

1-Hexene's production and use in the synthesis of flavors, perfumes, dyes and resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,660(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility in soil. Volatilization of 1-hexene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 187.6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 50 mg/l(5). Volatilization of 1-hexene from dry soil surfaces may occur based upon the vapor pressure of 1-hexene(4). 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,660(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-hexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 187.6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 50 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 87 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 81(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in water(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-hexene, which has a vapor pressure of 183.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-hexene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 10 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 3.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The half-life for the reaction with ozone molecules is estimated to be 23 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 1.17X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4).

Using an activated sludge and the Japanese MITI test, 67-98% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for 1-hexene during a 4 week incubation period(1). 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-hexene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-hexene with ozone molecules has been measured as 1.17X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). 1-Hexene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 81 was calculated for 1-hexene(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Koc of 1-hexene is estimated as 1,660(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-hexene is estimated as 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 183.7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 50 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-hexene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 87 hours(SRC). Volatilization of 1-hexene from dry soil surfaces may occur(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in automobile emissions in Canada(1) and 4-stroke lawn mowers(2). The emission rate of 1-hexene from typical automobiles was reported as 13 mg per liter of gasoline(3). The emission rate of 1-hexene from ferries with diesel engines was reported as 0.6 and 0.1 mg/kWh(4). Car exhaust in London, England contained 1-hexene at an avg concn of 189 ppb(5).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1-Hexene was reported at an avg concn of 0.1388 ppb along roadsides and at 0.130 ppb at airports in Atlanta, GA(1). The concn of 1-hexene at an unspecified street in London, England was reported as 2 ppb(2). 1-Hexene was reported in the Caldecott Tunnel, CA at a mean concn of 4.6 mg/l in August of 1994 when low oxygenated fuels (0.3%) were being employed in the San Francisco area(3). 1-Hexene was reported in the Caldecott Tunnel, CA at a mean concn of 5.4 mg/l in October of 1994 when high oxygenated fuels (2%) were being employed in the San Francisco area(3). 1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in the Tingstad Tunnel, Sweden(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Hexene was reported in urban air in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 1996 at a mean concn of 1.1 mg/cu m(1). 1-Hexene was reported in 1993 at an avg concn of 0.40 ug/cu m (not detected to 1.30 ug/cu m) in Los Angeles, CA(2). 1-Hexene was detected in Tulsa, OK at concns of not detected to 0.7 ppb(3). 1-Hexene was detected at concns of 0.002-0.051 parts per trillion in southwest France(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Hexene was detected in the atmosphere of the Borden Forest, Canada in 1993 at concns of 0.001-0.008 ppb during daytime hours and 0.002-0.01 ppb during nighttime hours(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in chickpeas(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in mussels near Holbaek, Holland(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 300 workers (4 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-hexene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-hexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-hexene is produced or used(SRC). 1-Hexene was reported in the breathing zones of refinery personnel at a mean concn of 0.019 mg/cu m(2). 1-Hexene was reported in the breathing zones of gasoline transport drivers at a mean concn of 0.088 mg/cu m(2) and in the breathing zones of gasoline station attendants at a mean concn of 0.281 mg/cu m(2). The general population may be exposed to 1-hexene via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1-hexene(SRC).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

1-Hexene's production and use in the synthesis of flavors, perfumes, dyes and resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 183.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-hexene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-hexene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 10 and 23 hours, respectively. If released to soil, 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,660. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Hexene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water. If released into water, 1-hexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 87 hours, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. An estimated BCF of 81 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to 1-hexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-hexene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-hexene via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1-hexene. (SRC)

1-Hexene's production and use in the synthesis of flavors, perfumes, dyes and resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,660(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility in soil. Volatilization of 1-hexene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 187.6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 50 mg/l(5). Volatilization of 1-hexene from dry soil surfaces may occur based upon the vapor pressure of 1-hexene(4). 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,660(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-hexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 187.6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 50 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 87 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 81(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in water(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-hexene, which has a vapor pressure of 183.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-hexene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 10 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 3.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The half-life for the reaction with ozone molecules is estimated to be 23 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 1.17X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4).

Using an activated sludge and the Japanese MITI test, 67-98% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for 1-hexene during a 4 week incubation period(1). 1-Hexene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-hexene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-hexene with ozone molecules has been measured as 1.17X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). 1-Hexene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 81 was calculated for 1-hexene(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Koc of 1-hexene is estimated as 1,660(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-hexene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-hexene is estimated as 0.41 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 183.7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 50 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-hexene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 87 hours(SRC). Volatilization of 1-hexene from dry soil surfaces may occur(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in automobile emissions in Canada(1) and 4-stroke lawn mowers(2). The emission rate of 1-hexene from typical automobiles was reported as 13 mg per liter of gasoline(3). The emission rate of 1-hexene from ferries with diesel engines was reported as 0.6 and 0.1 mg/kWh(4). Car exhaust in London, England contained 1-hexene at an avg concn of 189 ppb(5).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1-Hexene was reported at an avg concn of 0.1388 ppb along roadsides and at 0.130 ppb at airports in Atlanta, GA(1). The concn of 1-hexene at an unspecified street in London, England was reported as 2 ppb(2). 1-Hexene was reported in the Caldecott Tunnel, CA at a mean concn of 4.6 mg/l in August of 1994 when low oxygenated fuels (0.3%) were being employed in the San Francisco area(3). 1-Hexene was reported in the Caldecott Tunnel, CA at a mean concn of 5.4 mg/l in October of 1994 when high oxygenated fuels (2%) were being employed in the San Francisco area(3). 1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in the Tingstad Tunnel, Sweden(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Hexene was reported in urban air in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 1996 at a mean concn of 1.1 mg/cu m(1). 1-Hexene was reported in 1993 at an avg concn of 0.40 ug/cu m (not detected to 1.30 ug/cu m) in Los Angeles, CA(2). 1-Hexene was detected in Tulsa, OK at concns of not detected to 0.7 ppb(3). 1-Hexene was detected at concns of 0.002-0.051 parts per trillion in southwest France(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Hexene was detected in the atmosphere of the Borden Forest, Canada in 1993 at concns of 0.001-0.008 ppb during daytime hours and 0.002-0.01 ppb during nighttime hours(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in chickpeas(1).

1-Hexene was identified, not quantified, in mussels near Holbaek, Holland(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 300 workers (4 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-hexene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-hexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-hexene is produced or used(SRC). 1-Hexene was reported in the breathing zones of refinery personnel at a mean concn of 0.019 mg/cu m(2). 1-Hexene was reported in the breathing zones of gasoline transport drivers at a mean concn of 0.088 mg/cu m(2) and in the breathing zones of gasoline station attendants at a mean concn of 0.281 mg/cu m(2). The general population may be exposed to 1-hexene via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1-hexene(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-HEXENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II