Bromoacetone

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315 (20%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (20%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (20%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (20%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 5 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Call a physician.

EYES: Hold eyelids open, flush with running water for at least 15 minutes.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, flush affected areas with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.

INHALATION: Move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

INGESTION: Do nothing except keep victim warm. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1569 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 150 m (500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.4 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.2 km (0.8 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.8 km (1.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 3.3 km (2.1 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P017, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Whenever possible, this material should be used in enclosed systems.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Separated from strong oxidants, food,and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Keep tightly closed and protected from light.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.011 [ppm]

0.33 [ppm]

0.98 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant gloves, rubber boots, full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Breathing protection, protective gloves, safety goggles

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Bromoacetone appears as a clear colorless liquid turning violet on standing, even in the absence of air, and decomposing to a black resinous mass on long standing. Denser than water and poorly soluble in water. Hence sinks in water. A violent lachrymator--low concentrations are very irritating to the eyes; high concentrations or prolonged exposure at lower concentrations may have adverse health effects. Very toxic by inhalation. Contact with the liquid causes painful burns. Used as a chemical war gas.

Colorless liquid that turns violet and then black on standing; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID. TURNS VIOLET ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT.

Colorless liquid; rapidly becomes violet even in absence of air

PUNGENT ODOR

277 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

BP: 63.5 to 64 °C at 50 mm Hg

BP: 31.5 °C at 8 mm Hg

Partial decomposition at boiling point: 136 °C

138 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-33.7 °F (USCG, 1999)

-36.5 °C

124 °F (USCG, 1999)

Soluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone

Solubility in water: poor

1.634 at 73.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.634 g/cu cm at 23 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.63

1.634 @ 23°C

4.75 (Air = 1)

90.0 [mmHg]

9 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.1

9 [mm Hg] @20 °C

Turns violet rapidly even in absence of air.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

Index of refraction: 1.4697 at 15 °C/D

pKa = 16.1

Turns violet rapidly even in the absence of air

Conversion factor at 25 °C: 1 ppm = 5.60 mg/cu m

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Highly flammable. Irritating fumes in air. Soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

Air-Reactive

BROMOACETONE decomposes on standing.

Reacts with oxidants.

Organobromide compounds such as bromoacetone are strong alkylating agents. Consequently they can readily modify free thiols (cysteines) and methionine residues of the surfaces of proteins leading to the disruption of enzyme, transporter or membrane functions. One of the most probable protein targets is the TRPA1 ion channel that is expressed in sensory nerves (trigeminal nerve) of the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs.

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

A strong lachrymator. Inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Animal studies indicate that at very high concentrations it can cause kidney and liver damage. Bromoacetone causes ocular irritation in 30% of human subjects at 0.1 ppm and 100% of human subjects at 1.0 ppm.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Cough. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

Bromoacetone is a strong lachrymator. Inhalation leads to a burning sensation, cough, sore throat, labored breathing. Skin exposure causes redness, pain. Eyes exposure causes watering of the eyes, redness, pain, blurred vision. Ingestion leads to abdominal pain, burning sensation in the throat and chest, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Very effecitve lachrymator at 1.5 mg/m3.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat, labored breathing. Skin: redness, pain. Eyes: causes watering of the eyes, redness, pain, blurred vision. Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation in the throat and chest, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Poisonous and intensely irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Violent lacrimator.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Permanent dense opacification of cornea has resulted from splashing liquid bromoacetone in the eye. Relatively minor injury has occurred in a case in which only a few fine droplets came in contact with eye. Spots of gray opacity & necrosis appeared in corneal epithelium, but in a few days ... eye recovered completely.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GENOTOXICITY/ ... This study measured concentrations of bromate, bromoform, bromoacetic acids, bromoacetonitriles, bromoacetone, 2,4-dibromophenol and aldehyde generated by ozonation. The potential mutagenicity of ozonated waters was assessed using the Ames and Microtox tests ... The Ames test results demonstrate that all extracts from ozonated water have mutagenic activity; however, the 18 raw groundwater samples had no mutagenicity. The Microtox test results also show that the ozonated water samples were highly toxic. Generally, both bromide and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content promoted the formation of ozonation by-products and mutagenicity ...

/GENOTOXICITY/ Three short-term assays (SOS chromotest, Ames fluctuation test and newt micronucleus test) were performed to detect the genotoxic activity of organohalides, compounds likely to be found in chlorinated and/or ozonated drinking water: monochloro-, dichloro- and trichloroacetic acids and monobromo-, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids. With the SOS chromotest, only three of the chemicals studied (dichloroacetic acid, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids) were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ 37. In the Ames fluctuation test, all the compounds except monochloroacetic acid showed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. In these two in vitro tests, a good correlation between increasing number of substituents and decreasing mutagenicity was observed. Namely, the toxicity of brominated and chlorinated acetic acids decreased when the number of substituents increased. The newt micronucleus test detected a weak clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for trichloroacetic acid only.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The dose-response relationships for mutation to streptomycin nondependence in E. coli Sd-4 were studied for three chemical agents (ethylene oxide, methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate) with large scale experiments, and for ten agents (propylene oxide, 1, 2-butene oxide, glycidol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethylene oxide, chloroacetone, bromoacetone, chloroacetaldehyde, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde) with normal scale experiments. The data for ethylene oxide could be fitted to a single straight line. The mutation curves for methyl and ethyl methanesulfonates were resolved into two components. The dose-response relationships were indicated to be linear for six out of the remaining ten agents tested. Marked contributions from the quadratic components were reflected in the curves obtained with chloroethylene oxide, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetone and bromoacteone.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Bromoacetone at a concentration of 30 mM does not inhibit carboxypeptidase A ...

Bromoacetone (598-31-2) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in rats (5/sex/group) administered dynamically-generated whole body exposures to nominal vapor concentrations of 20, 50, and 150 ppm in air for 6, 12, 30, 60, or 120 minutes. During exposures, all animals exhibited tearing and salivation, followed by nasal discharge and labored breathing. Post-exposure clinical responses during 14-day observation included wheezing, severe dyspnea, bloody nasal discharge, and weight loss (10, 20 ppm). The severity and time to onset of responses, both during and after exposures, were unanimous, but significantly adversely influenced by increasing exposure level and/or duration. Toxic mortality within hours or at 2 weeks was also accelerated and increased in association with bromoacetone exposures in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner. Gross necropsy found study lethalities with congested nasal passages, slight pulmonary congestion and patchy hemorrhage, and severely gas-distended stomachs and intestine. The study survivors exhibited moderate focal pneumonia only. The liver, kidneys, and other major organ appeared unaffected by treatment. In parallel study to determine irritation thresholds, eye irritation was induced at 1.0 ppm (15 min), lachrymation and sneezing at 10.0 ppm (43 min), and severe dyspnea, post-exposure nasal bleeding, and weight loss at 20.0 ppm (87 min). No abnormalities were noted on gross necropsy of these animals. Interpolation from graphically determined L(Ct)50's generated a one-hour LC50 of approximately 0.112 mg/l (20 ppm) and an L(Ct)50 was 6.72 mg-min/l (1200 ppm-min).

Bromoacetone (598-31-2) was evaluated for acute irritative response in 6 human volunteers self-exposed to concentrations of 1.0 (analytical) and 0.1 ppm (nominal) in a modified chemical worker's goggle (eye test) or exposure chamber (odor test), or by sniffing from vapor in a plastic gas sampling bag. All subjects noted marked ocular irritation on exposure to 1 ppm bromoacetone vapor, while only 2/6 discerned irritation at 0.1 ppm. None of 6 subjects noted an objectionable odor while sniffing 1 ppm bromoacetone vapor. Consequently, exposures of 1 ppm or more would be required to give irritative warning of toxic exposure. In parallel study, rats were individually exposed in an environmental chamber to nominal bromoacetone vapor concentrations of 0 to 20.0 ppm until a particular response was elicited.

Bromoacetone has been shown to be a by-product of drinking water treatment using chlorine dioxide and chloramines in water high in bromide concentrations. Its former production and use as a chemical war gas resulted in its direct release to the environment. Bromoacetone is found in the essential oil of a seaweed species (Asparagopsis taxiformis) that grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates bromoacetone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days. Bromoacetone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Bromoacetone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to bromoacetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromoacetone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to bromoacetone via ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Bromoacetone is found in the essential oil of a seaweed species (Asparagosis taxiformis) that grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands(1).

Bromoacetone has been shown to be a by-product of drinking water treatment using chlorine dioxide and chloramines in water high in bromide concentrations(1). In the past, bromoacetone was used in tear gas formulations but its use in this field is now obsolete(2). Bromoacetone was also used as a chemical warfare agent in World War I(3). No data were located to suggest that bromoacetone has been used as a tear gas, either for war or riot control, since World War I(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromoacetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(4). Photolysis may occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.11(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Photolysis may be an important degradation process for bromoacetone in sunlit water(8). If bromoacetone is spilled into a body of water, it will sink to the bottom of the water column, dissolve slowly and turn violet rapidly(9). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(3). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromoacetone, which has a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromoacetone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 54 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(2). Bromoacetone may produce hydrogen bromide as a hydrolysis product(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6), suggesting that photolysis in the environment may be important(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for bromoacetone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bromoacetone can be estimated to be 5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Bromoacetone has been shown to be a by-product of drinking water treatment using chlorine dioxide and chloramines in water high in bromide concentrations. Its former production and use as a chemical war gas resulted in its direct release to the environment. Bromoacetone is found in the essential oil of a seaweed species (Asparagopsis taxiformis) that grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates bromoacetone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days. Bromoacetone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Bromoacetone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to bromoacetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromoacetone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to bromoacetone via ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Bromoacetone is found in the essential oil of a seaweed species (Asparagosis taxiformis) that grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands(1).

Bromoacetone has been shown to be a by-product of drinking water treatment using chlorine dioxide and chloramines in water high in bromide concentrations(1). In the past, bromoacetone was used in tear gas formulations but its use in this field is now obsolete(2). Bromoacetone was also used as a chemical warfare agent in World War I(3). No data were located to suggest that bromoacetone has been used as a tear gas, either for war or riot control, since World War I(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromoacetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(4). Photolysis may occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.11(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Photolysis may be an important degradation process for bromoacetone in sunlit water(8). If bromoacetone is spilled into a body of water, it will sink to the bottom of the water column, dissolve slowly and turn violet rapidly(9). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(3). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromoacetone, which has a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromoacetone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 54 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(2). Bromoacetone may produce hydrogen bromide as a hydrolysis product(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6), suggesting that photolysis in the environment may be important(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for bromoacetone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bromoacetone can be estimated to be 5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bromoacetone is estimated as 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 31 days(SRC). Bromoacetone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Bromoacetone was detected in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide and chloramines in May 1999, in a plant using Lake Kinereth, Israel, as a source(1).

Bromoacetone (<1% in oil by wt) has been detected in the essential oil of the red alga seaweed, Asparagopsis taxiformis, which grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands(1). In Hawaii, this seaweed is known as limu kohu (supreme seaweed) and is highly prized for its aroma and flavor(1); in addition to bromoacetone, 41 other halogenated constituents were detected in this seaweed(1).

Inhalation, skin and eye contact and ingestion.

Occupational exposure to bromoacetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromoacetone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to bromoacetone via ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P017, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Bromoacetone/

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Bromoacetone [Table#1023]

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1569; Bromoacetone[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of November 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

Hazard Class or Division: 6.1; Bromoacetone[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of November 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

49 201 01; Bromoacetone, liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II