2-Chloropropionic acid

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 93 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

INHALATION: Move to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES OR SKIN: Flush with running water for at least 15 min.; hold eyelids open if necessary. Wash skin with soap and water. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site.

INGESTION: If conscious have victim drink eggs, milk or water. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If unconscious or having convulsions, do nothing except keep victim warm. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Small fires: dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam; large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Water or foam may cause frothing. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong bases, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0.1 ppm as TWA; (skin)

0.1 ppm [1988]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Chloropropionic acid appears as a colorless to white colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

2-chloropropionic acid appears as a pale liquid with a slight odor. Sinks in and mixes with water. Only aluminum, stainless steel or steel covered with a protective lining or coating may contact the liquid or vapor.

Pale liquid with a slight odor; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

A pale liquid with a slight odor.

CRYSTALS

366 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

-12.1 °C

225 °F (USCG, 1999)

225 °F (107 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

106 °C c.c.

SOL IN ALL PROP IN WATER, ALC, ETHER; SOL IN ACETONE

Solubility in water: miscible

1.2585 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2585 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.3 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.001

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.75

1.06 [mmHg]

0.13 torr @ 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.10

Henry's Law constant= 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

932 °F (USCG, 1999)

932 °F (500 °C)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4380 @ 20 °C/D

pKa= 2.80

Other Classes -> Organic Acids

Corrosives

Soluble in water.

Water soluble.

Acids, Carboxylic

Halogenated Organic Compounds

A halogenated organic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

2-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID is neutralized in exothermic reactions by all bases. Reacts with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolves if neutralization generates a soluble salt. May react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. May corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Reacts with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but some heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. May initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze other chemical reactions. Fire produces highly toxic chloride fumes (USCG, 1999).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

LD50 Rat male oral 800 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse male oral 400 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig dermal 126-1258 mg/kg

TOXICITY STUDIES INDICATE IT TO BE CORROSIVE TO THE EYE AND SKIN. MILD TO MODERATE SKIN BURNS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS WITH ACUTE EXPOSURES TO THE LIQ. NO IRRITATION WAS NOTED IN EMPLOYEES EXPOSED TO THE VAPOR AT TWA CONCN UP TO 0.35 PPM, WITH EXCURSIONS TO 1.95 PPM.

2-CHLOROPROPIONATE STIMULATED GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM LACTATE OR PYRUVATE IN HEPATOCYTES. IN STARVED RATS, 2-CHLOROPROPIONATE LOWERED BLOOD GLUCOSE, LACTATE, AND PYRUVATE, AND INCR KETONE BODIES.

IN 4 HR FASTED MICE, THE ORAL LD50 WAS 15.4 MMOL/KG. IN SUCKLING RATS, IT LOWERED BLOOD LACTATE AND GLUCOSE LEVELS AND INCR BLOOD KETONE BODIES. IN A PROLONGED ORAL TOXICITY STUDY USING MALE RATS, IT DECR GROWTH RATE AND FOOD CONSUMPTION AND CAUSED NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS. HIND LIMB WEAKNESS, SLOWER NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITIES AND DECR DIAM OF TIBIAL NERVES WAS ALSO BROUGHT ABOUT. TREATMENT CAUSED TESTICULAR ABNORMALITIES MANIFESTED BY TESTICULAR MATURATION ARREST AND DEGENERATION OF GERM CELLS. RATS ALSO HAD LOWER PLASMA TRIACYLGLYCEROL LEVELS THAN CONTROL RATS.

PANCREATIC HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO CHRONIC ADMIN OF 2-CHLOROPROPIONATE WERE INVESTIGATED IN CONSCIOUS DOGS. SC ADMIN DAILY FOR 7 DAYS @ DOSE OF 0.5 MMOL/KG (62.5 MG/KG) IN NORMAL DOGS AND THOSE RENDERED DIABETIC BY INJECTION OF ALLOXAN. IN THE NORMAL DOGS, THE CHRONIC ADMIN PROVOKED A DECR IN BLOOD LACTATE AND PYRUVATE BUT NOT BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCN. URINARY OXALATE WAS NOT INCR BY THE DAILY INJECTION. BLOOD KETONE BODY CONCN PROGRESSIVELY INCR AFTER THE 3RD DAY OF TREATMENT. PLASMA CHOLESTEROL SLOWLY DECR.

Chloropropionic acid is corrosive to skin and eyes and possesses some potential for absorption through the skin in acutely toxic amounts.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPROPANOIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Chloropropanoic acid is an anthropogenic compound which is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of weed killers. It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production and use. If released to soil, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is expected to display high mobility in soil and is not expected to significantly volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere. If released to water, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It will be essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9. Neither bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms, adsorption to sediment and suspended organic matter, nor volatilization to the atmosphere are expected to be significant fate processes. If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropanoic acid may undergo oxidation by a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 8.3 hrs. 2-Chloropropanoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition process. Occupational exposure to 2-chloropropanoic acid may occur by inhalation or dermal contact during its production and use. (SRC)

2-Chloropropanoic acid is of anthropogenic origin, and it is not known to be produced by natural sources. (SRC)

2-Chloropropanoic acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of weed killers(1). It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will display high mobility in soil(6). Its pKa, 2.80(7), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9 and, therefore, adsorption to soil as a result of hydrophobic interactions will only be significant under highly acidic conditions(SRC). Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(8) and vapor pressure of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 deg(9), 2-chloropropanoic acid is no expected to volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated bioconcentration factor of 2(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms. An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,5,SRC) indicates that it will not significantly adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter. Its pKa, 2.80(6), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9. Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C using a group contribution approach(7), the rate of volatilization of 2-chloropropanoic acid to the atmosphere will be slower then water itself(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropanoic acid may undergo oxidation by a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated rate constant for this reaction of 1.06X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(1) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 8.3 hrs(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu-cm(2). Its relatively high estimated water solubility of 3 g/L(3) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(4) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition process(SRC).

When 2-chloropropanoic acid was incubated with sewage, 10% degradation (expressed as chlorine released) was observed after 2 days; when the sewage was acclimated to sucrose, 36% degradation occurred in 2 days(1). Using a sewage sludge inocula, 2- chloropropanoic acid underwent essentially complete removal within 30 days under aerobic conditions; under anaerobic conditions 75% removal was observed(2). It was degraded by digester sewage sludge inocula raised on fatty acids(3).

2-Chloropropanoic acid was found to support growth of bacteria isolated from soil (Rhizobium)(1). Pure cultures of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Bacillus sp, as well as fungi and actinomycetes, have been found to degrade 2-chloropropanoic acid(2-8). The major metabolite in the degradation of 2-chloropropanoic acid is glycolate(8).

An estimated rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 2-chloropropanoic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 1.06X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(1) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 8.3 hrs(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu-cm(2).

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the bioconcentration factor for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 2(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms will not be a significant process(SRC).

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the soil adsorption coefficient for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 62(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that it will display high mobility in soil(3). The chemical structure of chlorinated aliphatic acids was described as one that suggests little or no adsorption to a soil colloid(4).

Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1), 2-chloropropanoic acid is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil to the atmosphere. Volatilization from water will be slower than water itself(2,SRC). An estimated vapor pressure for 2-chloropropanoic acid of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) indicates that it may rapidly volatilize from dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC). The pKa of 2-chloropropanoic acid, 2.80(4), indicates that it will be essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9(SRC). The ionized form of 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly volatilize to the atmosphere(SRC).

2-Chloropropanoic acid was identified but not quantified in the spent chlorination liquor from wood pulp bleaching(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-chloropropanoic acid may occur by inhalation or dermal contact during its production and use. (SRC)

2-Chloropropanoic acid is an anthropogenic compound which is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of weed killers. It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production and use. If released to soil, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is expected to display high mobility in soil and is not expected to significantly volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere. If released to water, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It will be essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9. Neither bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms, adsorption to sediment and suspended organic matter, nor volatilization to the atmosphere are expected to be significant fate processes. If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropanoic acid may undergo oxidation by a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 8.3 hrs. 2-Chloropropanoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition process. Occupational exposure to 2-chloropropanoic acid may occur by inhalation or dermal contact during its production and use. (SRC)

2-Chloropropanoic acid is of anthropogenic origin, and it is not known to be produced by natural sources. (SRC)

2-Chloropropanoic acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of weed killers(1). It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will display high mobility in soil(6). Its pKa, 2.80(7), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9 and, therefore, adsorption to soil as a result of hydrophobic interactions will only be significant under highly acidic conditions(SRC). Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(8) and vapor pressure of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 deg(9), 2-chloropropanoic acid is no expected to volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated bioconcentration factor of 2(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms. An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,5,SRC) indicates that it will not significantly adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter. Its pKa, 2.80(6), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9. Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C using a group contribution approach(7), the rate of volatilization of 2-chloropropanoic acid to the atmosphere will be slower then water itself(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropanoic acid may undergo oxidation by a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated rate constant for this reaction of 1.06X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(1) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 8.3 hrs(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu-cm(2). Its relatively high estimated water solubility of 3 g/L(3) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(4) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition process(SRC).

When 2-chloropropanoic acid was incubated with sewage, 10% degradation (expressed as chlorine released) was observed after 2 days; when the sewage was acclimated to sucrose, 36% degradation occurred in 2 days(1). Using a sewage sludge inocula, 2- chloropropanoic acid underwent essentially complete removal within 30 days under aerobic conditions; under anaerobic conditions 75% removal was observed(2). It was degraded by digester sewage sludge inocula raised on fatty acids(3).

2-Chloropropanoic acid was found to support growth of bacteria isolated from soil (Rhizobium)(1). Pure cultures of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Bacillus sp, as well as fungi and actinomycetes, have been found to degrade 2-chloropropanoic acid(2-8). The major metabolite in the degradation of 2-chloropropanoic acid is glycolate(8).

An estimated rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 2-chloropropanoic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 1.06X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(1) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 8.3 hrs(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu-cm(2).

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the bioconcentration factor for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 2(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms will not be a significant process(SRC).

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the soil adsorption coefficient for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 62(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that it will display high mobility in soil(3). The chemical structure of chlorinated aliphatic acids was described as one that suggests little or no adsorption to a soil colloid(4).

Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1), 2-chloropropanoic acid is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil to the atmosphere. Volatilization from water will be slower than water itself(2,SRC). An estimated vapor pressure for 2-chloropropanoic acid of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) indicates that it may rapidly volatilize from dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC). The pKa of 2-chloropropanoic acid, 2.80(4), indicates that it will be essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9(SRC). The ionized form of 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly volatilize to the atmosphere(SRC).

2-Chloropropanoic acid was identified but not quantified in the spent chlorination liquor from wood pulp bleaching(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-chloropropanoic acid may occur by inhalation or dermal contact during its production and use. (SRC)

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /2-Chloropropionic acid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /2-Chloropropionic acid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /2-Chloropropionic acid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /2-Chloropropionic acid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solid; 2-Chloropropionic acid, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPROPANOIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2511; alpha-Chloropropionic acid

IMO 8.0; alpha-Chloropropionic acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 22-35; S: (1/2)-23-26-28-36-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III