2,6-dinitrotoluene

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361f ***: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311+H331 (54.8%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (98.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (98.6%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (98.6%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (98.6%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (98.6%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (46.6%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H361f (52.1%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (97.3%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412 (98.6%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 73 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361f: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water, Carbon dioxide, dry chemical (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Water, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical from protected location.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Dinitrotoluenes, molten/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1) REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2) VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 3) FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, SWEEP ONTO PAPER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL & BURN IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH ALLOWS BURNING IN UNCONFINED CONDITION & IS EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE RECLAIMED ... IF ... NOT PRACTICAL, DISSOLVE IN FUEL OIL & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /DINITROTOLUENE/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

Environmental considerations - land spill: Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U106, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

1) BY MAKING PACKAGES OF DINITROTOLUENE IN PAPER OR OTHER FLAMMABLE MATERIAL & BURNING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH ALLOWS BURNING IN UNCONFINED CONDITION & IS EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. 2) BY DISSOLVING IN FUEL OIL & ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /DINITROTOLUENE/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where dinitrotoluene or liquids containing dinitrotoluene are handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle dinitrotoluene or liquids containing dinitrotoluene should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Dinitrotoluene/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Dinitrotoluenes, molten/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical in an explosion-proof refrigerator and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Fireproof. Separated from strong bases, food and feedstuffs, oxidants and strong reducing agents. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Storage temperture: Ambient

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

0.18 [mg/m3]

2.0 [mg/m3]

12 [mg/m3]

NIOSH considers dinitrotoluene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. [50 mg/cu m] /Dinitrotoluene/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 mg/cu m, skin. /Dinitrotoluene/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Dinitrotoluene/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Dinitrotoluene/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: Methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical, or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin inducers/

Intermediate Oral: 0.004 mg/kg/day (Dog) (511)

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

Safety glasses with side shields and face shield, self-contained breathing apparatus or air line masks, butyl rubber gloves, boots and protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten liquids or repeated or prolonged contact with solutions. Wear eye protection to prevent any possibility of eye contact with molten material. /Dinitrotoluene/

Employees should be provided with, and required to use, impervious clothing, gloves, face-shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten or liquid dinitrotoluene, or liquids containing dinitrotoluene. /Dinitrotoluene/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Dinitrotoluene/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

2,6-dinitrotoluene appears as yellow to red solid or heated liquid with a slight odor. Solidifies in cool water. Solid and liquid sink in water. (USCG, 1999)

Other Solid

Yellow or brown to red solid; [ICSC] Pale yellow crystalline powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

YELLOW OR BROWN-TO-RED CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Orange-yellow crystalline solid with a characteristic odor.

Yellow rhombic crystals

Yellow to red solid

Slight odor

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

decomposes

285 °C @760 [mm Hg]

151 °F (NTP, 1992)

404 °F (NTP, 1992)

404 °F (closed cup)

207 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 204 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in ethanol and chloroform

Solubility in water: very poor

1.283 at 231.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 1.2833 g/cu cm at 111 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.283 (liquid)

1.2833 @ 111°C

6.28 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.28 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.28

0.018 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.000567 [mmHg]

5.67X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 2.4

0.018 mmHg

log Kow = 2.10

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

-8099 Btu/lb = -4499 cal/g = -188.3x10(+5) J/kg

Index of Refraction: 1.479

pKa = 1.80

Boiling point

Crystal structure

Formula unit

Fusion temperature

Mixes slowly with water. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

2,6-DINITROTOLUENE is sensitive to heat. It may explode when exposed to heat or flame. It can be detonated only by a very strong initiator. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It is also incompatible with caustics and metals such as tin and zinc. It may react with reducing agents. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992)

Dinitrotoluene may cause conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin via oxidation of iron(II) to iron(III) by its metabolites. High levels of methemoglobin are removed by catabolism, leading to the development of anemia. Some metabolites of dinitrotoluene are also transported back from the bile to the liver, where the amine group is N-hydroxylated by cytochrome P-450 to form an unstable sulfate conjugate. The sulfate conjugate is degraded into carbonium or nitrenium ions. These ions covalently bind to hepatic macromolecules (DNA, RNA), leading to mutations and subsequently liver tumors. They also bind to DNA of the lung and the intestine. (L276)

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC)

Data are for 2,4/2,6-Dinitrotoluene mixture

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ... 2,6-dinitrotoluene. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ... 2,6-dinitrotoluene. Overall evaluation: ... 2,6-Dinitrotoluene /is/ possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Dinitrotoluene/

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 65: (1996) Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black and Some Nitro Compounds

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

2,6-Dinitrotoluene poisoning may cause methemoglobinemia, anemia, leukopenia, and liver necrosis. Liver injury may be more common than cyanosis. (L276)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Dermal (T44) ; eye contact (T44) ; inhalation (T44) ; oral (T44)

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

See Inhalation.

Symptoms of 2,4-dinitrotoluene poisoning include blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, vertigo, fatigue, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, arthralgia, insomnia, tremor, paralysis, unconsciousness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitation, anorexia, and loss of weight. (T45, L940)

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

ATSDR Final

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 240 mg/m3/6hr

LD50: 180-795 mg/kg/day (Oral, Rat) (L276)

LD50 Rat oral 177 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 621 mg/kg

Following oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL in a child). Administer charcoal as a slurry. Gastric lavage and oxygen administration is recommended. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Following eyes exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water, and administer a benzodiazepine IV in case of irritation. In all those cases, a physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)

The influence of diets varying in pectin content on intestinal microfloral metabolic capacity of rats has been investigated as a possible mechanism for the alteration of toxicity of 2,6-DNT produced by these diets. Male F-344 rats were fed a purified diet (AIN)-76A), AIN-76A plus 5% or 10% citrus pectin, or either of 2 cereal-based diets that vary in pectin content, NIH-07 or Purina Chow 5002. After 28 days, rats were given tritium-labeled 2,6-DNT (10 or 75 mg/kg per os) and killed 12 hr later. Total hepatic macromolecular covalent binding was determined by exhaustive extraction. The macromolecular covalent binding of 2,6-DNT was independent of diet at 10 mg/kg. At 75 mg/kg, marcomolecular covalent binding was increased 40% by feeding 5% pectin in the purified diet and 90% by feeding 10% pectin in the purified diet. Animals fed Purina 5002 and NIH-07 had 135 and 150% higher macromolecular covalent binding, respectively, than animals fed the purified diet alone and significantly greater macromolecular covalent binding than animals fed the pectin supplemented diets. Elevated (2 to 3-fold) beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities, microfloral enzymes proposed to be involved in the activation of 2,6-DNT to toxicant, were found in the cecal contents of animals fed the pectin-containing diets which correlated with a 2 to 3-fold increase in total number of cecal anaerobes.

Pectin-induced changes in microflora have been shown to elevate the covalent binding of 2,6-DNT-related materials to total rat hepatic macromolecules. Therefore, the effect of diets varying in pectin content on the induction of foci and hepatic tumors induced by 2,6-DNT was studied in male F344 rats. 2,6-DNT (3.0-3.5 and 0.6-0.7 mg/kg/day) was incorporated into NIH-07, an open formula cereal-based diet high in pectin content, AIN-76A, a purified pectin-free diet, or AIN-76A supplemented with 5% pectin. Hepatic foci were scored after histochemical staining for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, canalicular adenosine triphosphatase or glucose-6-phosphatase following administration of test diets for 3,6 and 12 months. The number of foci per cu m of liver increased in a dose and time dependent manner following incorporation of 2,6-DNT into test diets with NIH-07 > pectin greater than AIN-76A. In the NIH-07 diet, 2,6-DNT did not alter the phenotypic distribution of foci. Animals fed control or 2,6-DNT-containing AIN-76 and pectin diets had few or no gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase foci throughout the study. Hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules were observed only in rats fed NIH-07 containing 2,6-DNT. The concentrations of 2,6-DNT-related material covalently bound to hepatic macromolecules after a single oral dose of radiolabeled 2,6-DNT given after 12 months on the diets increased in control rats and in rats receiving low dose 2,6-DNT in the diet with AIN-76A < pectin < NIH-07. The results suggest that diet-induced alterations in the covalent binding of 2,6-DNT are not the sole factor in determining the carcinogenic response to 2,6-DNT.

The sulfotransferase inhibitors 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol and pentachlorophenol were used to investigate the role of sulfate ester formation during the in vivo bioactivation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene. Male F-344 rats were administered one of the sulfotransferase inhibitors (40 umol/kg ip) 45 min prior to oral administration of 28 mg/kg ring-(14)C-2,4-DNT or 3-(3)H-2,6-DNT and killed 12 hr later. Pentachlorophenol had no significant effect on the urinary excretion of the benzyl glucuronide or benzoic acid metabolites of 2,6-DNT. The sulfotransferase inhibitors decreased the total hepatic macromolecular covalent binding of 2,4-DNT by 33%, and of 2,6-DNT by 69%. Hepatic DNA showed covalent binding of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT of 45 and 94 pmol equivalents/mg DNA, respectively. The sulfotransferase inhibitors decreased the binding of the hepatocarcinogen 2,6-DNT to hepatic DNA by greater than 95%. These results suggest that sulfation is important in the biotransformation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT to reactive metabolites which covalently bind to DNA. (3)H2O was detected in the urine of rats administered 3-(3)H-2,6-DNT. Pentachlorophenol decreased (3)H2O formation to the same extent as it decreased the total hepatic macromolecular covalent binding of 2,6-DNT, suggesting that (3)H exchange at the 3 position of 2,6-DNT occurs following sulfate ester formation.

To determine what effect 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid had on 2,6-dinitrotoluene metabolism, intestinal enzymes, microbial populations, and urine mutagenicity were examined during 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatment. Weanling Fischer 344 male rats were treated daily with 54.4 mg/kg 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by gavage for 4 wk. One, two, and four wk after the initial 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid dose, rats were administered (orally) 2,6-dinitrotoluene (75 mg/kg) and urine was collected for 24 hr in metabolism cages. Azo reductase, nitroreductase, beta-glucuronidase, dechlorinase, and dehydrochlorinase activities were examined concurrently. Treatments of rats for 1 wk reduced the transformation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to mutagenic urinary metabolites. This was accompanied by a decrease in the fecal anaerobic microorganisms. The elimination of Lactobacillus ermentum from the small intestine and cecum of treated animals accompanied a significant increase in oxygen-tolerant lactobacilli and other unidentified aerobic microorganisms. However, there were no significant alterations in the intestinal enzyme activities examined. By 2 wk of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatment, microbiota and urine genotoxicity returned to the levels observed in control animals. This trend continued for the duration of the experiment. After 2 wk, while cecal nitroreductase and azo reductase activities increased, small intestinal beta-glucuronidase activity decreased. By 4 wk, treated and untreated animal intestinal enzyme activities were indistinguishable. The transient increase in azo reductase and nitroreductase after treatment with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 2 wk may have been counteracted by the reduced beta-glucuronidase activity, thus resulting in no change in 2,6-dinitrotoluene-derived urin mutagenicity. However, other environmental chemicals, unaffected by beta-glucuronidase, potentially could be activated by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In case of ingestion, induction of emesis is not recommended because of the potential for central nervous system depression. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal may be considered soon after ingestion, provided airways are protected. /Dinitrotoluene/

Methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue in symptomatic patients, methemoglobin levels exceeding 20% to 30% or lower in patients with predisposing conditions such as anemia, and respiratory and heart diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen or exchanged transfusion may be considered in refractory patients or when contraindication to administration of methylene blue exists (eg, G6PD) deficiency. /Dinitrotoluene/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green Algae) exponential growth phase; Conditions: freshwater, static; 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 16000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: population, decreased biomass /formulation/

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green Algae) exponential growth phase; Conditions: freshwater, static; 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 11000 ug/L for 72 hr; Effect: population, decreased biomass /formulation/

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green Algae) exponential growth phase; Conditions: freshwater, static; 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 12000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: population, decreased biomass /formulation/

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green Algae) exponential growth phase; Conditions: freshwater, static; 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 22000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population, population changes, general /formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ...The effects from oral exposures of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) were tested using a controlled dosing regime in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Nine groups of birds of mixed sex received either corn oil or 50, 100, 190, or 350 mg 2,6-DNT/kg body weight/day or 20, 80, 125, or 180 mg RDX/kg body weight/day mixed in corn oil via gavage for 14 days. Etiology of disease was markedly different between compounds. Increased RDX exposure caused an inverse relationship to time of death, symptoms including clonic followed by tonic convulsions, and death shortly thereafter. Brain concentrations of RDX postmortem, however, were relatively consistent (mean +/- standard error, 20.5 +/- 2.9 mg/kg tissue). Observations of 2,6-DNT effects included gastrointestinal distress, dehydration, and a reduction in body mass and feed consumption. Together, these data suggest that RDX is more toxic from short, repeated exposures than 2,6-DNT, resulting in central nervous system-related effects, whereas 2,6-DNT causes gastrointestinal disturbances at higher exposures.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ...The oral toxicity of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) /was evaluated/ in a representative ground-foraging species of management concern. Adult male and female northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were exposed to either 0, 5, 10, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day via gavage for 60 days (subchronic) following determination of the median acute lethal dose (320 mg/kg). Circulating levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner; however, levels remained within normal ranges. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, and potassium, sodium, and chlorine ions were significantly decreased, and circulating levels of uric acid were significantly increased. Decreased body weight, enlarged gallbladders, edematous gastrointestinal tracts, pale kidneys, pale and fibrous livers, and loose stools were consistent observations. The effects found in the clinical chemistries taken together with histopathological abnormalities observed in sections of hepatic and renal tissue suggest that the liver and kidneys are major targets for 2,6-DNT. Oral exposures to 2,6-DNT appear to affect northern bobwhite in a manner similar to that of the other main DNT isomer, 2,4-DNT, but in more subtle ways, adversely affecting the gastrointestinal system and leading to diarrhea and, ultimately, emaciation. The lowest-observed-adverse-effect level is 40 mg/kg/day based on hematological measures, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level is 10 mg/kg/day based on the absence of results indicative of adverse effects.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is one of the most prevalent high explosives in the environment. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) are the most common isoforms of dinitrotoluene. The goal of this study was to determine the acute toxic effects of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT in adult male bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeiana). The /oral/ LD(50) for TNT was 1,060 mg/kg BW while the LD(50 )for 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT was 1,098 mg/kg BW. All three compounds elicited similar symptoms of toxicity including changes of skin color, body weight, development of seizures, liver and kidney necrosis, and lung cyanosis. Relative organ weights did not show significant change.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chronic aqueous exposures were conducted using bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles (8 day old) exposed to TNT (0-4 mg/L), 2,4-DNT (0-4 mg/L), and 2,6-DNT (0-8 mg/L) for 90 days. Survival of tadpoles examined using Cox proportional hazard models was reduced at all concentrations tested. Percent of abnormal swimming and other morphological abnormalities after sublethal exposure to TNT, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT at 2 mg/L were also evaluated. The effects of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT on wet body mass, snout vent length (SVL), and developmental stage of surviving tadpoles were examined. Only 2,4-DNT did not have a significant effect on body mass or SVL, but all three compounds tested had significant effects on survival. Long-term continuous exposure to these compounds at concentrations of 0.25 mg/L could lead to significant changes in growth and survival of larval amphibians.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.60e-01

1.50e+00

4.90e-02

5.00e+00

3.00e-04

Volatile

3.60e+01

1.50e+02

4.90e+00

2,6-Dinitrotoluene's production and use in the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate and polyurethanes, and as an ingredient in the manufacture of dyes and military and commercial explosives may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.67X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. However, at 15 °C, 2,6-dinitrotoluene has a vapor pressure which indicates it will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,6-dinitrotoluene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 75 days. Particulate-phase 2,6-dinitrotoluene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. If released to soil, 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility based upon measured Kocs of 19, 72 and 197. Leaching has been observed in soil column studies and field monitoring. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to be an important fate process in soil and water based on results of various screening tests that demonstrated microbial degradation; 2,6-dinitrotoluene was degraded in two soils, with half-lives of 92 and 73 days reported. If released into water, 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to have little to moderate adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the measured Kocs. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be slow based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 66 and 486 days, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. A measured BCF range of 0.6 to 21.2 in carp for dinitrotoluene isomers suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Photodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in sunlit water. Phototransformation tests of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in seawater under simulated solar radiation found that 89% of initial 2,6-dinitrotoluene was photodegraded within 24 hours and 100% after 72 hours. The half-life for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in river water exposed to sunlight was 12 minutes and was determined to be an indirect photoreaction. Reported rates of biodegradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in water vary widely from non-detectable degradation in 28 days to 98 to 100% removal in 3 days. Occupational exposure to 2,6-dinitrotoluene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,6-dinitrotoluene is produced or used. The general population could be exposed via drinking water contaminated with 2,6-dinitrotoluene. (SRC)

2,6-Dinitrotoluene's production and use in the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate and polyurethanes, and as an ingredient in the manufacture of dyes and military and commercial explosives(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 19 and 72(2) and 197(3) indicate that 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Leaching of 2,6-dinitrotoluene has been observed in soil column transport studies(4) and it has been observed to migrate large distances in subsurface soils during a field monitoring study(5). Volatilization of 2,6-dinitrotoluene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.67X10-4 mm Hg(6), and water solubility, 204 mg/L(7). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Photolysis of 2,6-dinitrotoluene on surfaces exposed to sunlight is expected to be an important fate process since 2,6-dinitrotoluene is susceptible to photodegradation(8-10). Biodegradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to be an important fate process based on results of various screening tests that demonstrated microbial degradation(11-17). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was degraded in two soils, with half-lives of 92 and 73 days reported(18).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 19 and 72(2) and 197(3) indicate that 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to have little to moderate adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be slow(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.67X10-4 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 204 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 66 and 486 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a measured BCF range of 0.6 to 21.2 in carp for dinitrotoluene isomers(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4). In aqueous solution, 2,6-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00188 at 313 nm(9) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The half-life for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in river water exposed to sunlight was 12 minutes and was determined to be an indirect photoreaction(10). Phototransformation tests of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in seawater under simulated solar radiation found that 89% of initial 2,6-dinitrotoluene was photodegraded within 24 hours and 100% after 72 hours(11). Biodegradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to be an important fate process based on results of various screening tests that demonstrated microbial degradation(12-18).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,6-dinitrotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 5.67X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. However, at 15 °C, 2,6-dinitrotoluene has a vapor pressure which indicates it will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Dinitrotoluenes have been detected in atmospheric particulate matter(3). Vapor-phase 2,6-dinitrotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 75 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,6-dinitrotoluene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(5).

AEROBIC: The biodegradability of 2,6-dinitrotoluene was tested in a static screening test using flasks that contained either 5 or 10 mg/L 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 5 mg/L yeast extract and settled domestic sewage as the inoculum. Subcultures were done every 7 days. The percent biodegradation by the original culture and first, second and third subcultures at an initial 2,6-dinitrotoluene concentration of 10 mg/L was: 57, 49, 35 and 13%, respectively(1). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene at an initial concentration of 10 ug/ml (10 mg/L) did not significantly degrade after 28 days incubation with raw municipal sewage(2). In another study, 2,6-dinitrotoluene inhibited biodegradation of municipal sewage at concentrations above 50 mg/L(3). In the same study, industrial seed degraded 50 mg/L 2,6-dinitrotoluene to 25 mg/L in 2 days, but after 7 days, 2,6-dinitrotoluene concentration remained at 25 mg/L. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was easy to degrade according to results obtained by the "cultivation method" in which 98-100% and 83-100% degradation occurred in 3 days in river water and coastal sea water in Japan, respectively(7). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was easily degraded by microorganisms in seawater, although the 2,6-isomer was the least readily degraded than all other dinitrotoluene isomers(4). This is consistent with the observation that the rate of reduction of nitro compound increases with increasing electron withdrawing power of groups in the para position(6). Degradation in river water was generally higher than in seawater(5). No degradation rates were given. The average percent biodegradation in eleven test runs of a pilot activated sludge plant was 57%(8).

AEROBIC: Degradation rates of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 0.7 mg/kg/day in Mississippi and Texas soils, respectively, were measured for 2,6-dinitrotoluene. The respective half-lives in these soils were 92 and 73 days(1).

AEROBIC: Following a one week acclimation period, at a hydraulic residence time of 6 hours, 76% of the 2,6-dinitrotoluene in the influent to a fluidized-bed biofilm reactor was degraded using a mixed bacterial culture(1). Approximately 14% of 2,6-dinitrotoluene was degraded by indigenous microorganisms in microcosms (30 ml vials) prepared from contaminated aquifer aterial within 30 days(2). In another study, nearly complete degradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene was observed by indigenous microorganisms collected from one surface water environment while degradation was not observed by organisms collected from a second surface water environment(3). In marine sediment biodegradation studies, 2,6-dinitrotoluene degraded much faster in non-sterile tests versus sterile-condition tests(4); the major biotransformation product was 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene(4).

ANAEROBIC: Three of six methanogens studied were capable of degrading 55-95% of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aqueous solution in 30 days; degradation was not observed for the other three organisms(1). In anaerobic tests using wastewater from a munitions production facility, initial 2,6-dinitrotoluene degraded by 40% in non-sterile conditions and by 28% in sterile conditions over a 36-day incubation period(2).

... 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is photochromic, ie, it has the property of becoming colored on exposure to light and then becoming colorless in the dark. When dilute solutions, 10-4 M of ... 2,6-dinitrotoluene ... is irradiated with ultraviolet light, it becomes intensely colored and then slowly fades with the cessation of irradiation. ... The environmental consequence of this phenomenon should be the reduction, in sunlight, of the nitro group to a hydroxylamino, nitroso, or amino group, with concomitant oxidation of the methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid group. ... /This photolysis is/ probably responsible for the color development in munition plant effluents.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,6-dinitrotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 75 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). In aqueous solution, 2,6-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00188 at 313 nm(3) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The half-life for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in river water exposed to sunlight was 12 minutes and was determined to be an indirect photoreaction(4). Humic material in natural waters can sensitize photoreaction of organic chemicals(5). Photolysis of 2,6-dinitrotoluene may be important since the 2,4-isomer has measured half-lives of 2-43 hrs in distilled and natural water(6). Phototransformation tests of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in seawater under simulated solar radiation found that 89% of initial 2,6-dinitrotoluene was photodegraded within 24 hours and 100% after 72 hours(7).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated for 2,6-dinitrotoluene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.10(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). The BCF for dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers) has been measured to be low (BCF values of 0.6 to 21.2) in carp (Carprinus carpio)(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. An experimental log BCF of 2.44 (BCF of 275) (fat basis) was determined for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in a 3-day static test(5).

The Freundlich adsorption constant (exponent 1/n) for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in a Mississippi sandy loam soil (pH 5.6, organic carbon 0.94%) and a Texas sandy silt loam soil (pH 8.1, organic carbon 3.25%) was 0.014 (0.68) and 0.005 (0.61), respectively(1) which correspond to Koc values of 72 and 19, respectively(SRC). In a loamy sand soil containing an organic matter content of 8.5 g/kg, 2,6-dinitrotoluene had measured Kd adsorption coefficient 0.97 cu cm/g(2) that correspond to a Koc 197(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values indicate that 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil. Field monitoring at a munition factory site in Melbourne Australia found that 2,6-dinitrotoluene migrated large distances in the subsurface soils(4). Leaching of 2,6-dinitrotoluene has been observed in soil column transport studies(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,6-dinitrotoluene is estimated as 6.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.67X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 204 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,6-dinitrotoluene is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 66 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 468 days(SRC). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). The fate of 2,6-dinitrotoluene, including volatilization, was studied in a model waste stabilization pond in which influent 2,6-dinitrotoluene concentration was 1 mg/L, temperature was 23 °C and the detention time in the pond was 12 days(4); volatilization accounted for only a 0.3% loss for 2,6-dinitrotoluene(4).

GROUNDWATER: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was detected in groundwater samples collected from the Weldon Springs Ordnance Works in Missouri at 61.4 ug/L within the contaminated area(1). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was detected in groundwater samples collected down gradient of the Weldon Springs Ordnance Works at concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 21.0 ug/L(1).

DRINKING WATER: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was found in drinking water at an unspecified location at an unspecified concentration(1). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene concentrations of 0.022 to 0.075 ug/L were detected in river water used as a drinking water source in the Jiangsu Province China(2).

SURFACE WATER: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene concentrations of 4.1 and 7.6 ug/L were detected in surface water samples collected from two brooks near Hirschagen/Waldhof, Germany in the vicinity of munitions manufacture during World War II(1); the river into which the brooks feed (River Losse) had a concentration of 0.1 ug/L(1); two ponds located near a former ammunition plant had levels of 0.3 and 0.07 ug/L(1); the ponds feed into the River Oder which had a level of 0.02 ug/L(1). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene concentrations of 0.10 to 0.16 ug/L have been reported for the Songhua River in China(2). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene concentrations of 0.008 to 0.010 ug/L were detected at two of twelve sampling sites on the Yellow River (China) in 2004(2).

SEAWATER: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was found in Dokai Bay, Japan at concentrations up to 14.8 ug/L(1).

2,6-Dinitrotoluene concentration in raw wastewater from a textile plant was 50 mg/cu m(1) and was an average of 4.3 mg/L in the wastewater from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene production(2). 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was detected in 100% of the samples of condensate water collected from a TNT manufacturing facility at a range of 0.06-14.9 mg/L; a minimum of one sample per week was collected over a one year period (n=54)(3).

SEDIMENT: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was detected in 1.0% of 518 streambed sediment samples collected from 20 major river basins across the US between 1992-1995 at levels of <50 to 93 ug/kg dry wt(1).

No 2,6-dinitrotoluene was found in 22 composite fish samples taken from selected Great Lakes harbors and tributaries(1).

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U106, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

1) BY MAKING PACKAGES OF DINITROTOLUENE IN PAPER OR OTHER FLAMMABLE MATERIAL & BURNING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH ALLOWS BURNING IN UNCONFINED CONDITION & IS EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. 2) BY DISSOLVING IN FUEL OIL & ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /DINITROTOLUENE/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1600; Dinitrotoluenes, molten

UN 2038; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid or solid

IMO 6.1; Dinitrotoluenes, molten, solid or liquid

49 631 20; Dinitrotoluene; liquid

49 631 15; Dinitrotoluene; solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 45-23/24/25-48/22-62-68-52/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II