N-nitrosodimethylamine

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (19.6%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301 (80.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 (98.9%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 92 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Nitrosodimethylamine is a suspected human carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and hemorrhagic agent. Caution is advised. Effects may be delayed.

Signs and Symptoms of Nitrosodimethylamine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to nitrosodimethylamine may include myocardial and endocardial hemorrhage after oral exposure. Pulmonary edema and congestion have been noted, as have hepatomegaly (liver enlargement), hepatitis, icterus (jaundice), and ascites (accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen). Other signs and symptoms may include malaise (body discomfort), vomiting, GI hemorrhage, seizures, and cerebral edema.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to nitrosodimethylamine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Remove victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to nitrosodimethylamine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Rush to a health care facility.

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to nitrosodimethylamine.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of nitrosodimethylamine is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of nitrosodimethylamine may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: Children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to l cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use powder, carbon dioxide.

/Fire fighters should wear/ any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SPILLS OF N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE CAN BE ABSORBED BY CELITE OR COMMERCIAL SPILL ABSORBANT. AFTER ABSORBANT CONTAINING MAJOR SHARE OF NITROSAMINE HAS BEEN PICKED UP (AVOID DUSTS; DO NOT SWEEP), SURFACE SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED WITH STRONG DETERGENT SOLN. IF MAJOR SPILL OCCURS OUTSIDE OF VENTILATED AREA, ROOM SHOULD BE EVACUATED & CLEANUP OPERATION SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY PERSONS EQUIPPED WITH SELF-CONTAINED RESPIRATORS. THOSE INVOLVED IN THIS OPERATION SHOULD WEAR RUBBER GLOVES, LAB COATS, & PLASTIC APRONS OR EQUIVALENT PROTECTIVE APPAREL. /N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DIALKYLNITROSAMINES/

Nitrosamine residues generated in laboratory research or accidental spills in research laboratories and diluted to concn of 10 mg/l or less are rapidly reduced to innocuous amines, ammonia, or alcohols by aluminum-nickel alloy powder and aqueous alkali. The method is applicable to a variety of media (water, mineral oil, olive oil, dimethylsulfoxide, soln of agar gel) but is not recommended for use with nitrosamines in acetone or dichloromethane because reactions are slow and incomplete. After the reduced reaction mixture is filtered, the liquid is disposed of by pouring it over sufficient absorbent material to convert it to a solid waste for incineration. /Nitrosamines/

After covering the spills with soda ash, mix and spray with water. Scoop into a bucket of water and /let/ it stand for two hr. Neutralize with 6M hydrochloric acid and flush with sufficient water.

Decontamination of lab wastes using triethyloxonium salts /was described/. This method specifies a procedure for the decontamination of lab wastes either dissolved in or extractable by dichloromethane. This method has been ... studied using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate for the treatment of solutions of N-nitrosodimethylamine ... in dichloromethane ... .

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P082, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for dimethylnitrosamine: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid inhalation and skin contact. Spills can be absorbed by celite or commercial spill absorbent. After absorbent containing major share of nitrosamine has been picked-up (avoid dusts; do not sweep), surface should be thoroughly cleaned with strong detergent solution. If major spill occurs outside of ventilated area, room should be evacuated and cleanup operation should be carried out by persons equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. (EPA, 1998)

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

ALL BOTTLES OF N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE SHOULD BE STORED & TRANSPORTED WITHIN UNBREAKABLE OUTER CONTAINER; STORAGE SHOULD BE IN VENTILATED STORAGE CABINET (OR IN HOOD). /N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DIALKYLNITROSAMINES/

0.05 [ppm]

0.57 [ppm]

3.4 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

[1910.1016] See Appendix B

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH considers N-nitrosodimethylamine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. Skin notation.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

(skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the liver. This may result in jaundice. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the liver. This may result in liver function impairment and cirrhosis. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for N-Nitrosodimethylamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin:

• WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

• DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

... Appropriate type fullface supplied air respirators of continuous flow or pressure demand type. ... Use all purpose canister mask.

Wear butyl rubber gloves, face shield and working clothes.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See OSHA respirator requirements for selected chemicals)

At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters. 

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

N-nitrosodimethylamine is a yellow oily liquid with a faint characteristic odor. Boiling point 151-153 °C. Can reasonably be expected to be a carcinogen. Used as an antioxidant, as an additive for lubricants and as a softener of copolymers. An intermediate in 1,1-dimethylhydrazine production.

Yellow, oily liquid with a faint, characteristic odor; [NIOSH]

YELLOW OILY LIQUID.

Yellow, oily liquid with a faint characteristic odor.

Yellow, oily liquid with a faint, characteristic odor.

Yellow, oily liquid

Yellow liquid

Faint, characteristic odor

304 to 307 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

152 °C @760 [mm Hg]

142 °F (NTP, 1992)

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Infinitely soluble in water at 23-25 °C

Soluble in all common organic solvents and in lipids

Very soluble in water, alcohol, ether

Miscible with methylene chloride, vegetable oils

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and chloroform; soluble in water.

1000 mg/mL at 24 °C

Solubility in water: very good

1.0048 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0048 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.0

1.0048 @25 °C

2.56 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.56 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.56

40 mmHg at 152.8 °F (NTP, 1992)

2.7 [mmHg]

2.7 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 360

7.5 [mm Hg] @30.7 °C

log Kow = -0.57

Henry's Law constant = 7.8X10-5 to 7.1X10-5 (1.82X10-6 atm-cu m/mol average) at 37 °C

Henry's Law constant = 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 20 °C

Stable at room temperature for more than 14 days in neutral or alkaline solutions in the dark; slightly less stable in acidic solutions; sensitive to UV light.

When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /oxides of nitrogen/.

Odor Threshold Low: 0.0079 [ppm]

Odor Threshold High: 0.01 [ppm]

Odor threshold from AIHA

Index of refraction: 1.4368 at 20 °C/D

Water soluble.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE is sensitive to exposure to light, especially ultraviolet light. Is stable at room temperature for more than 14 days in aqueous solution at neutral and alkaline pH in the absence of light. Slightly less stable at strongly acid pH at room temperature. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with strong bases. Can be reduced by reducing agents. Incompatible with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. Also photochemically reactive. (NTP, 1992)

Oxidants, especially peracids. Sensitive to UV light.

Strong oxidizers. (Note: Should be stored in dark bottles.)

Incompatibilities: ultraviolet light

Strong oxidizers [Note: Should be stored in dark bottles.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

The mechanism of NDMAinduced liver toxicity is not clearly understood but may be related to alkylation of cellular protein. (L1207)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC)

0.0006−0.06

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.

... Identified as an occupational carcinogen.

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Induction of tumors at multiple sites in both rodents and nonrodent mammals exposed by various routes.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 17: (1978) Some N-Nitroso Compounds

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

NDMA is very harmful to the liver of animals and humans. Moreover, although there are no reports of NDMA causing cancer in humans, it is reasonable to expect that exposure to NDMA by eating, drinking, or breathing could also cause cancer in humans. (L1207)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L1207) ; inhalation (L1207) ; dermal (L1207)

Sore throat. Cough. Nausea. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Headache. Weakness.

Redness. Pain.

Pain. Redness.

Abdominal cramps. Further see Inhalation.

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps; headache; fever; enlarged liver, jaundice; decreased liver, kidney, pulmonary function; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cancer, Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver)

Liver, kidneys,lungs

[in animals; lung, kidney, liver & nasal cavity tumors]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Primary hepatotoxins: the toxic effect to the liver is the principal adverse effect of the chemical.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

n-Nitrosodimethylamine

8 x 10^-6 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for n-Nitrosodimethylamine

IRIS Current

SCREEN Current

ATSDR Final

PPRTV Current

LD50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) ip 1770 mg/kg for 10 days

LD50; Species: Austropotamobius pallipes (Crayfish) male, adult; iv 2250 mg/kg

EC50; Species: Anabaena flosaquae (Blue-Green Algae) 10000 cells; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 5100 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 10000 cells; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 4000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicities of dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine were evaluated in adult male crayfish. Toxicokinetic studies of (14)C dimethylnitrosamine and (14)C diethylnitrosamine in Austropotamobius pallipes (crayfish), administered by iv injection, show high concns of (14)C in abdominal muscle and hepatopancreas. Excretion is greater with dimethylnitrosamine, and retention in tissues, especially the hepatopancreas, is greater with diethylnitrosamine.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ N-nitrosodimethylamine at 50 ppm induced hepatomas in Brachydanio rerio (fish) exposed for 22-23 wk.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Shasta strain of rainbow trout were fed N-nitrosodimethylamine in the diet for 52 weeks. After this time the fish were placed on a control diet for an additional 26 weeks. No hepatocellular carcinomas were detected at 26 weeks after feeding of the nitrosamine began. At 52 weeks, however, a direct dose-related response of hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in trout fed 200, 400, and 800 mg dimethylnitrosamine/kg. A greater incidence of carcinomas was observed at 78 weeks, even though feeding was discontinued after 52 weeks.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxic effects of n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were studied by light and electron microscopy after injection into the foot of mussels. One injection of NDMA at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mussel produced, within 15 days extensive inflammatory reactions in the supporting leydig cell tissue in the digestive diverticula, necrosis of the epithelium lining, the digestive tubules, and necrosis of germinal epithelium lining the genital follicles. 8 weekly injections of 0.2 mg, exam for 30 wk produced extensive collagenous scar tissue formation between the tubules of the digestive diverticula, presence of numerous granulocytomas, and necrosis of the germinal epithelium of the genital follicles.

2.00e-03

3.40e-02

8.80e-04

1.10e-04

1.00e+03

5.10e+01

1.40e-02

Volatile

2.37e+05

2.00e-01

3.40e+00

7.20e-03

8.80e-02

1.10e-02

Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately.

No evidence was found that N-nitrosodimethylamine is currently used, except for research purposes and may be released to the environment with laboratory waste. N-Nitrosodimethylamine's former production and use in the production of rocket fuels; antioxidant; additive for lubricants; and as a softener of copolymers may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is formed as a byproduct during disinfection processes used at wastewater treatment facilities. If released to air, a measured vapor pressure of 2.7 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates N-nitrosodimethylamine is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-nitrosodimethylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 6.3 days. N-Nitrosodimethylamine absorbs light in the environmental spectrum indicating a potential for direct photolysis in sunlight. If released to soil, observed Koc values of 68-118 indicate N-nitrosodimethylamine is expected to have high mobility. Low adsorption to soils and ready leaching have been observed in several studies. Volatilization from wet soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon a measured Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C. Under laboratory conditions, greater than 70% of N-nitrosodimethylamine applied to the surface of a moist, warm soil (12% moisture content, 22 °C) volatilized in 10 hours. N-Nitrosodimethylamine may potentially volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its measured vapor pressure. A half-life of about three weeks was reported for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aerobic soil under laboratory conditions; the primary removal processes were volatilization and biodegradation. At 21 °C, observed half-lives in ground cover soil, turfgrass soil and tree soil were 4.1, 5.6 and 22.5 days respectively. The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils have been observed to be highly variable. If released into water, N-nitrosodimethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon its Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 29 and 215 days, respectively. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low based upon an estimated BCF of 3. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process. A photodegradation half-life of 79 hours was measured in distilled water exposed to fluorescent light through a pyrex filter (wavelength >280 nm). The direct photolysis rate constant for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aqueous solution exposed to irradiation representing Southern California midsummer, midday sun was observed to be 0.040/min with a half-life of 16 minutes. Occupational exposure to N-nitrosodimethylamine may occur through inhalation of air at workplaces involved in rubber processing or tire manufacturing or where metal-working fluids are used. The general population may be exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine via inhalation of ambient air and cigarette smoke and ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water. (SRC)

Formation of DMN ... can occur by reaction of nitrites with dimethylamine produced by intestinal bacteria.

Formed by the interaction of nitrite with dimethylamine and by the action of nitrate-reducing bacteria(1). One group that found N-nitrosodimethylamine in tap water (3 to 6 ng/L) concluded that the N-nitrosodimethylamine may have formed from the reaction of low concentrations of nitrite, an oxidizing agent (possibly chlorine), and secondary amines(2). Another researcher concluded that extensive nitrosamine formation in natural waters is not likely because of low nitrite concentrations, low levels of nitrosatable amines, and expected third order kinetics(3). N-Nitrosodimethylamine has been identified as a chemical component in tobacco(4).

The mainstream smoke from an 85 mm US blended cigarette without a filter-tip has been found to contain 0.084 ug N-nitrosodimethylamine.

Emitted during the compounding, forming & curing operations of elastomeric parts by reaction of accelerators/stabilizers used such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide & tetraethylthiuram disulfide.

There is some evidence that N-nitrosodimethylamine might be formed during the burning of dimethylhydrazine as a rocket fuel.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine's former production and use in the production of rocket fuels; antioxidant; additive for lubricants; and as a softener of copolymers(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). No evidence was found that N-nitrosodimethylamine is currently used, except for research purposes(2). Two studies have demonstrated N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in both sterile and non-sterile soils to which nitrite and dimethylamine were added(3,4). Another study demonstrated N-nitrosodimethylamine formation when sewage, dimethylamine and nitrite were continuously percolated through a soil(3). It was also demonstrated that N-nitrosodimethylamine may form from fertilized and polluted areas when dimethylamine was added(5). There is some evidence that N-nitrosodimethylamine might be formed during the burning of dimethylhydrazine as a rocket fuel(6). N-Nitrosodimethylamine is formed as a byproduct during disinfection processes used at wastewater treatment facilities(7).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), observed Koc values of 68-118(2) indicate that N-nitrosodimethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Low adsorption to soils and ready leaching have been observed in other studies(3,4). Volatilization of N-nitrosodimethylamine from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(5). Under laboratory conditions, greater than 70% of N-nitrosodimethylamine applied to the surface of a moist, warm soil (12% moisture content, 22 °C) volatilized in 10 hours(6). The potential for volatilization of N-nitrosodimethylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.7 mm Hg at 20 °C(5). A half-life of about three weeks was reported for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aerobic soil under laboratory conditions; the primary removal processes were volatilization and biodegradation(6). 17% of the added N-nitrosodimethylamine (132 ug/g soil) was lost from sandy loam soil after 10 days incubation at 30 °C; no further loss was noted during the next 30 days incubation(7). However, when the organic matter content was increased from 2.16% to 17.5%, over 60% of the added N-nitrosodimethylamine was lost by day 15 of the incubation period(7). At 21 °C, observed half-lives in ground cover soil, turfgrass soil and tree soil were 4.1, 5.6 and 22.5 days respectively(8). The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils have been observed to be highly variable(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), observed Koc values of 68-118(2) indicate that N-nitrosodimethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 29 days and 215 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from a measured log Kow of -0.57(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A photodegradation half-life of 79 hours was measured in distilled water following exposure to fluorescent light through a Pyrex filter(8). The direct photolysis rate constant for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aqueous solution exposed to irradiation representing Southern California midsummer, midday sun was observed to be 0.040/min with a half-life of 16 minutes(9). Hydrolysis is probably not an important removal process since the N-nitrosodimethylamine concentration in lake water essentially did not change after 3.5 months incubation at 30 °C in the dark(10). No biodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine was observed in lake water samples during an observation period of 3.5 months(11). Static and continuous biodegradation tests on N-nitrosodimethylamine using seed from an activated sludge plant and feed that contained a nutrient solution based on yeast extract resulted in 47 to 72% degradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine in 7 days(12). The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils have been observed to be highly variable(13). N-Nitrosodimethylamine disappeared rapidly from aqueous solution due to evaporation and photolysis, with acidic solutions giving a somewhat higher removal than basic solutions or water, half-life of 0.8 hours versus 0.9 and 1.6 hours, respectively(14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-nitrosodimethylamine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 2.7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-nitrosodimethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.3 days(SRC), calculated from its measured rate constant of 2.53X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). N-Nitrosodimthylamine is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC) due to its strong absorption of UV light above 290 nm(4,5). The direct photolysis half-life in aqueous solution was observed to be 16 minutes using Southern California midday irradiation levels(5).

No biodegradation of dimethylnitrosamine was observed in lake water samples during an observation period of 3.5 months, and a lag of nearly 30 days occurred before its slow disappearance from soil. The nitrosamine appeared to be degraded very slowly in sewage, but it was not affected by the anaerobic organisms /found in collected bog sediments/.

Type of biological degradation: P statzeri, P fragi, B mycoides, B cereus, B subtilis, C suboxydans, C Pasteurianum, A picolinophilus, A suboxydans and 4 unclassified strains of Arthrobacter were incubated for 72 hr with N-nitrosodimethylamine. No evidence of degradation.

Degradation by Rhizopus orizae, Streptococcus cremoris, and Saccharomyces rouxii was found.

AEROBIC: Static and continuous biodegradation tests on N-nitrosodimethylamine using seed from an activated sludge plant and feed that contained a nutrient solution based on yeast extract resulted in 47 to 72% degradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine in 7 days. In a continuous biological reactor, N-nitrosodimethylamine at an initial concentration of 1.93 mg/L was reduced to <0.01 mg/L in the effluent from the reactor (based on a 24 hour composite sample)(1). In an activated sludge treatment plant, >95% of the approximately 2000 ug N-nitrosodimethylamine/L in the influent was removed(2). The rate of disappearance in raw sewage at pH 6.0 was nearly the same as that in sterile samples, indicating nonbiological factors were largely or entirely responsible for the N-nitrosodimethylamine disappearance(3). The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils has been observed to be highly variable(4).

For more Environmental Biodegradation (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exposure of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the vapor phase to direct sunlight for about 30 min (50% efficiency) yielded nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde and unidentified compounds.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P082, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for dimethylnitrosamine: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 45-25-26-48/25-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I