isopropyl formate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.4% (11 of 328) of reports.

H225 (96.6%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315 (11.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (96.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (96.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (96.6%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 328 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 328 reports by companies.

There are 9 notifications provided by 317 of 328 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Use water spray, alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective.

Vapor is heavier than air ... and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

... Keep away from heat and open flame ...

Outside or detached storage is preferable. Store in a cool dry, well ventilated location. Separate from strong acids, and alkalies, oxidizing materials.

Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [HSDB]

colourless liquid with a fruity, ether-like odour

Colorless liquid

Pleasant odor

68.2 °C at 760 mm Hg

BP: 63.3 °C

67.00 to 70.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

67-70 °C

22 °F (closed cup)

Slightly sol in water

Sol in alcohol, ether, and acetone

20.7 mg/mL at 25 °C

slightly soluble in water; completely miscible with alcohol, ether, and most organic solvents

(in ethanol)

0.8728 at 20 °C/4 °C

0.877-0.883 (20 °C)

3.03 (Air= 1)

138.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg at 17.8 °C

138 mm Hg at 25 °C

Index of refraction: 1.3678 at 20 °C/D

1.364-1.370

Boiling point

Chemical shift

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Heat of sublimation

Lineshape

Magnetic susceptibility

Molecular structure

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Rotational excitation cross section

Surface tension

Thermal expansion coefficient

Vapor pressure

Vibrational mode frequency

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

EU Flavoring substances

FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food

Solvents -> Esters (<C12)

... can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Hydrolyzes with water to isopropyl alcohol and formic acid which is toxic.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LD50 Guinea pig oral 1400 ug/kg

Isopropyl formate is a naturally occurring product; it has been detected in volatile components of truffles, mushrooms, apples and quince fruit. Its use in flavor and fragrance compounds, in pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis could result in its release to the environment through evaporation or through wastewater effluents generated at sites of industrial production and use. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 5 days). If released to moist soil or water, isopropyl formate can degrade (especially under alkaline conditions) via aqueous hydrolysis; the hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7, 8 and 9 are 176, 17.6 and 1.76 hours, respectively at 25 °C. Volatilization from water and from soil surfaces will be an important transport process. Isopropyl formate is expected to be mobile in soil. Although data specific to isopropyl formate are unavailable, its structure suggests that it will biodegrade readily in soil or water. Occupational exposure occurs through inhalation of vapors and through dermal contact. Isopropyl formate has been detected in a variety of foods; therefore, the general population may be exposed through consumption of food. (SRC)

Isopropyl formate has been detected in volatile constituents of freshly unearthed Perigord truffles(1), dwarf quince fruit(2), mushrooms(3), and apples(4).

Isopropyl formate's use in flavor and fragrance compounds, in pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis(1) could result in its release to the environment through evaporation or through wastewater effluents generated at sites of industrial production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl formate can degrade in moist soil through aqueous hydrolysis, particularly under alkaline conditions; at 25 °C, it has hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). Isopropyl formate has a high vapor pressure (138 mm Hg at 25 °C(2)); therefore, volatilization from soil surfaces will be an important transport process(SRC). Biodegradation data specific to isopropyl formate are not available; however, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that isopropyl formate contains an ester substructure predicts that isopropyl formate has a high probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(4,SRC). Isopropyl formate's estimated Koc range of 6-18(3,5,SRC) suggests that it will leach readily in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Isopropyl formate can degrade in water through aqueous hydrolysis, particularly under alkaline conditions; at 25 °C, it has hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). Volatilization will be an important transport process; the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 3.8 hours(2,SRC); the volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 44 hours(3,SRC). Biodegradation data specific to isopropyl formate are not available; however, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that isopropyl formate contains an ester substructure predicts that isopropyl formate has a high probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(4,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 138 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), isopropyl formate is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 5 days)(3,SRC). Isopropyl formate is soluble in water (20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(4)), therefore, physical removal from air via wet deposition (washout, dissolution into clouds, etc) may occur(SRC).

Isopropyl formate has an aqueous base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 10.96 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl formate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

Based upon a measured water solubility of 20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(1), the BCF for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be about 2.3 from a recommended regression-derived equation(2,SRC) which suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not an important fate process(SRC).

Based upon a measured water solubility of 20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(1), the Koc for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be about 18 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be 6(3,SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that isopropyl formate is highly mobile in soil(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 20,655 mg/L(1) and a vapor pressure of 138 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be 7.75X10-4 atm cu m/mole(SRC); a Henry's Law constant of this magnitude indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is significant, but may not be rapid(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 3.8 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 44 hours(4,SRC). Isopropyl formate has a relatively high vapor pressure which suggests that evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

Isopropyl formate has been detected in volatile constituents of freshly unearthed Perigord truffles(1), dwarf quince fruit(2), mushrooms(3), apples(4) and wine(5).

Occupational exposure to commercial formic acid esters (such as isopropyl formate) occurs through inhalation of vapors and through dermal contact and dermal adsorption of vapors(1). Isopropyl formate has been detected in a variety of foods, such as truffles, quince fruit, mushrooms, apples and wine(2-6); therefore, the general population is exposed through consumption of various foodstuffs(SRC).

Isopropyl formate is a naturally occurring product; it has been detected in volatile components of truffles, mushrooms, apples and quince fruit. Its use in flavor and fragrance compounds, in pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis could result in its release to the environment through evaporation or through wastewater effluents generated at sites of industrial production and use. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 5 days). If released to moist soil or water, isopropyl formate can degrade (especially under alkaline conditions) via aqueous hydrolysis; the hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7, 8 and 9 are 176, 17.6 and 1.76 hours, respectively at 25 °C. Volatilization from water and from soil surfaces will be an important transport process. Isopropyl formate is expected to be mobile in soil. Although data specific to isopropyl formate are unavailable, its structure suggests that it will biodegrade readily in soil or water. Occupational exposure occurs through inhalation of vapors and through dermal contact. Isopropyl formate has been detected in a variety of foods; therefore, the general population may be exposed through consumption of food. (SRC)

Isopropyl formate has been detected in volatile constituents of freshly unearthed Perigord truffles(1), dwarf quince fruit(2), mushrooms(3), and apples(4).

Isopropyl formate's use in flavor and fragrance compounds, in pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis(1) could result in its release to the environment through evaporation or through wastewater effluents generated at sites of industrial production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl formate can degrade in moist soil through aqueous hydrolysis, particularly under alkaline conditions; at 25 °C, it has hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). Isopropyl formate has a high vapor pressure (138 mm Hg at 25 °C(2)); therefore, volatilization from soil surfaces will be an important transport process(SRC). Biodegradation data specific to isopropyl formate are not available; however, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that isopropyl formate contains an ester substructure predicts that isopropyl formate has a high probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(4,SRC). Isopropyl formate's estimated Koc range of 6-18(3,5,SRC) suggests that it will leach readily in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Isopropyl formate can degrade in water through aqueous hydrolysis, particularly under alkaline conditions; at 25 °C, it has hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). Volatilization will be an important transport process; the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 3.8 hours(2,SRC); the volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 44 hours(3,SRC). Biodegradation data specific to isopropyl formate are not available; however, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that isopropyl formate contains an ester substructure predicts that isopropyl formate has a high probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(4,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 138 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), isopropyl formate is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 5 days)(3,SRC). Isopropyl formate is soluble in water (20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(4)), therefore, physical removal from air via wet deposition (washout, dissolution into clouds, etc) may occur(SRC).

Isopropyl formate has an aqueous base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 10.96 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days, 7.3 days, 17.6 hr and 1.76 hr at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl formate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

Based upon a measured water solubility of 20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(1), the BCF for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be about 2.3 from a recommended regression-derived equation(2,SRC) which suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not an important fate process(SRC).

Based upon a measured water solubility of 20,655 mg/L at 25 °C(1), the Koc for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be about 18 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be 6(3,SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that isopropyl formate is highly mobile in soil(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 20,655 mg/L(1) and a vapor pressure of 138 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for isopropyl formate can be estimated to be 7.75X10-4 atm cu m/mole(SRC); a Henry's Law constant of this magnitude indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is significant, but may not be rapid(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 3.8 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 44 hours(4,SRC). Isopropyl formate has a relatively high vapor pressure which suggests that evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

Isopropyl formate has been detected in volatile constituents of freshly unearthed Perigord truffles(1), dwarf quince fruit(2), mushrooms(3), apples(4) and wine(5).

Occupational exposure to commercial formic acid esters (such as isopropyl formate) occurs through inhalation of vapors and through dermal contact and dermal adsorption of vapors(1). Isopropyl formate has been detected in a variety of foods, such as truffles, quince fruit, mushrooms, apples and wine(2-6); therefore, the general population is exposed through consumption of various foodstuffs(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Propyl formates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Propyl formates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Propyl formates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Propyl formates/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL FORMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1281; Isopropyl formate; propyl formate, propyl formates

IMO 3.2; Isopropyl formate; propyl formate, propyl formates

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.