Ethyl Nitrate

H200: (Deleted) Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]

P201, P202, P281, P372, P373, P380, P401, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEM...

EXTINGUISHING METHOD... WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE EXCEPT AS BLANKET.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply watt from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of any liq that may accidentally escape from a container. ...should not be exposed in.../poorly/ ventilated conditions.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amount of water or soap and water.

If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

2.2 [ppm]

24 [ppm]

150 [ppm]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Ethyl nitrate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may cause vigorous decomposition and rupturing of the container. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [HSDB]

Colorless liquid

Pleasant odor

Sweet taste

87.2 °C @ 762 mm Hg

87.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-94.6 °C

50 °F (NFPA, 2010)

50 °F (closed cup)

Sol in alcohol and ether; insoluble in water

1.3 G SOL IN 100 ML WATER @ 55 °C

Sol in water, miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether

1.1084 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.004 @ 20°C

3.1 (Air= 1)

64.0 [mmHg]

64.0 mm Hg @ 25 °C

64 [mm Hg] @25 °C

On decomp, they emit toxic fumes. /Nitrates/

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

322.4 kcal (vapor)

Index of refraction: 1.3852 @ 20 °C

1 MG/L= 269 PPM; 1 PPM= 3.72 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG

Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 36 °C

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Dielectric constant

Fusion temperature

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Lineshape

Melting temperature

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Optical coefficient

Phase transition

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Organonitrates, such as ETHYL NITRATE, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

...HIGHLY TOXIC & IN LARGE DOSES MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, VOMITING, BLOODY DIARRHEA, WEAKNESS, CONVULSIONS, & COLLAPSE. SMALL, REPEATED DOSES MAY LEAD TO WEAKNESS, GENERAL DEPRESSION, HEADACHE, & MENTAL DISORDERS. /ALKYL NITRATES/

IT IS SAID THAT ETHYL NITRATE HAS ANESTHETIC PROPERTIES & ON INHALATION CAUSES HEADACHE.../PRC: CNS DEPRESSION/ & VOMITING.

A poison by intraperitoneal route. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. A moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat (explodea @ 185 °F).

IN CATS, 400 MG/KG IN OLIVE OIL IP PRODUCES UNCONSCIOUSNESS, INCR RESP RATE, DILATATION & FIXATION OF PUPILS, & DEATH IN 90 MIN; 300 MG/KG...FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY. MODERATE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA & HEINZ BODY FORMATION...OBSERVED AFTER...125-250 MG/KG.

SUBCUTANEOUS ADMIN OF ETHYL NITRATE TO RABBITS RESULTED IN THE CONVERSION OF HEMOGLOBIN INTO METHEMOGLOBIN. METHEMOGLOBIN REACHED PEAK 1-2 HR AFTER ADMIN & GRADUALLY DECREASED.

INDUCED MUTATIONS IN BACTERIOPHAGE TAB AFTER 24 & 48 HR EXPOSURE. ABILITY TO ALKYLATE DNA SEEMS TO VARY INVERSELY WITH LENGTH OF HYDROCARBON RADICAL.

MUTAGENIC TO E COLI BACTERIOPHAGE T43.

Ethyl nitrate's production and use for organic synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and dyes, and as rocket propellant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl nitrate will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl nitrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days. Ethyl nitrate absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum and therefore has the potential for direct photolysis. If released to soil, ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 24. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl nitrate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl nitrate may occur with this compound at workplaces where ethyl nitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

The atmospheric photochemistry of the organosulfur compounds methyl sulfide, ethyl sulfide, & methanethiol was studied with emphasis on gaseous & particulate reaction products & their modes of formation when exposed to sunlight irradiation & various NO(x) mixtures. Experimental results show that ethyl nitrate is a gas-phase photooxidation product of ethyl sulfide.

The yields of alkyl nitrates formed in the NOx-air photooxidations of the homologous series of n-alkanes from ethane through n-octane have been determined at 299 +/- 2 K & 735 torr total pressure for 2 different chemical systems. Alkyl peroxy radicals were generated by reaction of the n-alkanes with OH radicals (generated from the photolysis of methyl nitrite in air) or Cl atoms (from photolysis of CL2 in air). The alkyl nitrate yields obtained from the 2 systems, corrected for secondary reactions, were in agreement within the exptl errors & incr monotonically with the carbon number of the n-alkane, from equal to or less than 1% for ethane to approx 33% for n-octane, with the yields apparently approaching a limit of approx 35% for larger n-alkanes. Data are consistent with the alkyl nitrates being formed almost entirely from the reaction of peroxy radicals with NO, & the ratios of the corrected alkyl nitrate yields reflect the fraction of RO2 radicals which react with NO to form alkyl nitrates.

Ethyl nitrate's production and use for organic synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and dyes, and as rocket propellant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 and 120 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 24(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 36 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 80 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Ethyl nitrate may photolyze due to it's absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

An estimated BCF of 2(1) was calculated for ethyl nitrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl nitrate can be estimated to be 24(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(2).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl nitrate is estimated as 3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl nitrate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected between November 1988 and April 1989 from Juelich, a city surrounded by five lignite-coal-burning power plants in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 47.7 parts per trillion(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Ethyl nitrate was detected not quantified in air samples from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected in May/June 1989 from Schauinsland, southwest of Juelich in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 9.5 parts per trillion(1).

Ethyl nitrate was tentatively identified as a volatile of stored food exudate, according to a study conducted in Denmark(1).

Occupational exposure to ethyl nitrate may occur with this compound at workplaces where ethyl nitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyl nitrate's production and use for organic synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and dyes, and as rocket propellant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl nitrate will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl nitrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days. Ethyl nitrate absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum and therefore has the potential for direct photolysis. If released to soil, ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 24. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl nitrate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl nitrate may occur with this compound at workplaces where ethyl nitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

The atmospheric photochemistry of the organosulfur compounds methyl sulfide, ethyl sulfide, & methanethiol was studied with emphasis on gaseous & particulate reaction products & their modes of formation when exposed to sunlight irradiation & various NO(x) mixtures. Experimental results show that ethyl nitrate is a gas-phase photooxidation product of ethyl sulfide.

The yields of alkyl nitrates formed in the NOx-air photooxidations of the homologous series of n-alkanes from ethane through n-octane have been determined at 299 +/- 2 K & 735 torr total pressure for 2 different chemical systems. Alkyl peroxy radicals were generated by reaction of the n-alkanes with OH radicals (generated from the photolysis of methyl nitrite in air) or Cl atoms (from photolysis of CL2 in air). The alkyl nitrate yields obtained from the 2 systems, corrected for secondary reactions, were in agreement within the exptl errors & incr monotonically with the carbon number of the n-alkane, from equal to or less than 1% for ethane to approx 33% for n-octane, with the yields apparently approaching a limit of approx 35% for larger n-alkanes. Data are consistent with the alkyl nitrates being formed almost entirely from the reaction of peroxy radicals with NO, & the ratios of the corrected alkyl nitrate yields reflect the fraction of RO2 radicals which react with NO to form alkyl nitrates.

Ethyl nitrate's production and use for organic synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and dyes, and as rocket propellant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 and 120 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 24(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 36 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 80 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Ethyl nitrate may photolyze due to it's absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

An estimated BCF of 2(1) was calculated for ethyl nitrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl nitrate can be estimated to be 24(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(2).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl nitrate is estimated as 3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl nitrate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected between November 1988 and April 1989 from Juelich, a city surrounded by five lignite-coal-burning power plants in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 47.7 parts per trillion(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Ethyl nitrate was detected not quantified in air samples from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected in May/June 1989 from Schauinsland, southwest of Juelich in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 9.5 parts per trillion(1).

Ethyl nitrate was tentatively identified as a volatile of stored food exudate, according to a study conducted in Denmark(1).

Occupational exposure to ethyl nitrate may occur with this compound at workplaces where ethyl nitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

nitric ether; ethyl nitrate; NA 1993

Flammable Liquid