n-PROPYL NITRATE

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P319, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H333: May be harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P317, P308+P316, P321, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Propyl nitrate:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a sources of ignition and flash back. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release and suppress vapors. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Well closed. Cool. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, combustible substances and reducing agents.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

40 [ppm]

330 [ppm]

2000 [ppm]

TWA 25 ppm (105 mg/m3) ST 40 ppm (170 mg/m3)

25.0 [ppm]

TWA 25 ppm (110 mg/m3) See Appendix G

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by ACGIH [1971] that the dog 4­hour LC50 is 2,000 to 2,500 ppm [Rinehart et al. 1958]. . . . Human data None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

See: 627134

5.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 25 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 40 ppm.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical, or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin Inducers/

25 ppm as TWA; 40 ppm as STEL; BEI issued

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Propyl nitrate:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

N-propyl nitrate appears as a white to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Flash point 70 °F. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fuel. Shock sensitive. The shock sensitivity is removed by addition of 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether.

Colorless to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor.

Pale yellow liquid

Sweet sickly odor

231 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

110.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

less than -150 °F (USCG, 1999)

68 °F (USCG, 1999)

Flash point: 20 °C ( closed cup)

20 °C c.c.

Slight (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in alcohol and ether.

In water, 3,290 mg/L @ 25 °C

Solubility in water: poor

1.06 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0538 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.05

1.054 @ 20°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.6

18 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

23.5 [mmHg]

23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.4

log Kow = 1.74 /Estimated/

Henry's Law constant = 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

The shock-sensitive nitrate is desensitised by 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, dimethyl ether or diethyl ether.

347 °F (USCG, 1999)

11.07 eV

Odor Threshold Low: 50.0 [ppm]

Odor threshold from "Quick Guide: The Electronic NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards"

The odor of /propyl nitrate/ is "presumably detectable at concentration levels of 50 ppm and above."

Index of refraction = 1.3979 @ 20 °C

Heating may cause it to explode

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec @ 25 °C

Coriolis coupling

Boiling point

Centrifugal distortion

Corrosion

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Organonitrates, such as N-PROPYL NITRATE, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with combustibles may cause fires and explosions.

...It is considered a strong oxidizing agent... .

Strong oxidizers, combustible materials (Note: Forms explosive mixtures with combustible materials.)

Strong oxidizers, combustible materials [Note: Forms explosive mixtures with combustible materials.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; methemoglobinemia, anoxia, cyanosis; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, headache

Eyes, skin, blood

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

LCLo (rat) = 5,816 ppm/4H

LC50 Rat inhalation 9,000-10,000 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 6,000-7,000 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Dog inhalation 2,000-2,500 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rabbit iv 0.2-0.25 g/kg /from table/

Maintain an open air way and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat hypotension with supine positioning, intravenous crystalloid fluids. and low-dose pressors if needed.Monitor vital signs and ECG for 4 to 6 hours. Symptomatic methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective. Sever methemoglobinemia in infants not responsive to methylene blue therapy may require exchange transfusion.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 d of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation of n-propyl nitrate vapor by rats for 4 hours at 10,000 ppm produced cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, and death.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ n-Propyl nitrate was of low acute dermal toxicity in rabbits. It was moderately toxic to rats following single or repeated administration by the oral and inhalation routes, causing effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and blood (red blood cell damage and a reduction in oxygen levels). Mice and dogs treated by inhalation also showed CNS and blood effects.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Potential symptoms of overexposure in experimental animals are irritation of eyes and skin; methemoglobinemia, anoxia, cyanosis; dyspnea, weakness, dizziness, headache.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The dog... probed to be the most susceptible species when exposed daily for 8 weeks to 6-hr exposures. Approximately half the dogs died at 560 ppm, whereas all guinea pigs exposed for the same period survived 3235 ppm. Rats had short-term susceptibility intermediate between the dog and guinea pig.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for n-PROPYL NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

n-Propyl nitrate's former production and use as a rocket fuel resulted in its direct release to the environment. Alkyl nitrates, including n-propyl nitrate, are also commonly formed in the atmosphere through the reaction of the corresponding alkyl peroxy radical and nitric oxide. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-propyl nitrate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl nitrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days. n-Propyl nitrate is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the environment with half-lives ranging from 8 to 40 days. If released to soil, n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 40. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces may also be an important fate process based on the vapor pressure. No biodegradation data were located for n-propyl nitrate; however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate) suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation in acclimated soils and water. If released into water, n-propyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4 days, respectively. Although hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process for n-propyl nitrate, photolysis in sunlit surface water may occur since this compound undergoes direct photolysis. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to n-propyl nitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl nitrate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to low levels of n-propyl nitrate via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

n-Propyl nitrate's former production and use as a rocket fuel(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Alkyl nitrates, including n-propyl nitrate, are commonly formed in the atmosphere through the reaction of the alkyl peroxy radical (generated by the reaction of alkanes with hydroxyl radicals) and nitric oxide(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(4). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation under acclimated conditions(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). Although n-propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily, it may photolyze under conditions of sunlit surface water based on photolysis half-lives ranging from approximately 8 to 40 days(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from the measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may biodegrade in water under acclimated conditions(6,7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(4).

No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate or other low molecular weight alkyl nitrates(SRC). Nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate) was completely biodegraded in 13 days using river water and river water/sediment microcosms obtained from a river near a munitions facility in Virginia(1). Nitroglycerin was also biodegraded about 53% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum in a shake flask test that was run at 30 °C(2). These results suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation under acclimated conditions(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-propyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Propyl nitrate absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm) and may potentially be susceptible to direct photolysis(2,3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(3). n-Propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate), was reported to have a hydrolysis half-life of about 10 years at neutral conditions(4), but the half-life was about 37 days under alkaline (pH 9) conditions(5).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for n-propyl nitrate(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc for n-propyl nitrate can be estimated to be 40(SRC)using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2) According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-propyl nitrate is 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). n-Propyl nitrate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(3).

RURAL/REMOTE: n-Propyl nitrate was measured at a rural site in Ontario, Canada at an average concn of about 5 parts per trillion in 1990(1). n-Propyl nitrate was identified, not quantified, in the atmosphere over the western Pacific Ocean (43 deg N, 150 deg E and 4 deg N 113 deg E) in 1994(2). n-Propyl nitrate was measured at two rural sites in Germany at concns ranging from 1 to 20 parts per trillion in 1988(3). n-Propyl nitrate was detected in the atmosphere of the Islands of Hawaii at concns of 0.30 to 0.55 parts per trillion(4).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,844 workers (273 of these are female) are potentially exposed to n-propyl nitrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-propyl nitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl nitrate is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to low levels of n-propyl nitrate via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).

n-Propyl nitrate's former production and use as a rocket fuel resulted in its direct release to the environment. Alkyl nitrates, including n-propyl nitrate, are also commonly formed in the atmosphere through the reaction of the corresponding alkyl peroxy radical and nitric oxide. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-propyl nitrate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl nitrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days. n-Propyl nitrate is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the environment with half-lives ranging from 8 to 40 days. If released to soil, n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 40. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces may also be an important fate process based on the vapor pressure. No biodegradation data were located for n-propyl nitrate; however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate) suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation in acclimated soils and water. If released into water, n-propyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4 days, respectively. Although hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process for n-propyl nitrate, photolysis in sunlit surface water may occur since this compound undergoes direct photolysis. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to n-propyl nitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl nitrate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to low levels of n-propyl nitrate via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

n-Propyl nitrate's former production and use as a rocket fuel(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Alkyl nitrates, including n-propyl nitrate, are commonly formed in the atmosphere through the reaction of the alkyl peroxy radical (generated by the reaction of alkanes with hydroxyl radicals) and nitric oxide(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(4). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation under acclimated conditions(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). Although n-propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily, it may photolyze under conditions of sunlit surface water based on photolysis half-lives ranging from approximately 8 to 40 days(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from the measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may biodegrade in water under acclimated conditions(6,7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(4).

No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate or other low molecular weight alkyl nitrates(SRC). Nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate) was completely biodegraded in 13 days using river water and river water/sediment microcosms obtained from a river near a munitions facility in Virginia(1). Nitroglycerin was also biodegraded about 53% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum in a shake flask test that was run at 30 °C(2). These results suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation under acclimated conditions(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-propyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Propyl nitrate absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm) and may potentially be susceptible to direct photolysis(2,3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(3). n-Propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate), was reported to have a hydrolysis half-life of about 10 years at neutral conditions(4), but the half-life was about 37 days under alkaline (pH 9) conditions(5).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for n-propyl nitrate(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc for n-propyl nitrate can be estimated to be 40(SRC)using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2) According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-propyl nitrate is 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). n-Propyl nitrate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(3).

RURAL/REMOTE: n-Propyl nitrate was measured at a rural site in Ontario, Canada at an average concn of about 5 parts per trillion in 1990(1). n-Propyl nitrate was identified, not quantified, in the atmosphere over the western Pacific Ocean (43 deg N, 150 deg E and 4 deg N 113 deg E) in 1994(2). n-Propyl nitrate was measured at two rural sites in Germany at concns ranging from 1 to 20 parts per trillion in 1988(3). n-Propyl nitrate was detected in the atmosphere of the Islands of Hawaii at concns of 0.30 to 0.55 parts per trillion(4).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,844 workers (273 of these are female) are potentially exposed to n-propyl nitrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-propyl nitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl nitrate is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to low levels of n-propyl nitrate via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for n-PROPYL NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1865; n-Propyl nitrate

IMO 3.2; n-Propyl nitrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II