Amyl Acetate

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2412 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Amyl acetate:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Amyl acetates/

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3) For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. n-Amyl acetate should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion.

Environmental considerations: Air spill - Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Amyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Water spill - Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (e.g., detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Amyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Amyl acetates/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. 2. By atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Amyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for amyl acetate (primary): Activated carbon.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Amyl acetates/

... Wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove clothing immediately if wet or contaminated to avoid flammability hazard. /Amyl acetates/

Areas in which amyl acetate is handled should be provided with adequate ventilation so that concn of vapor may not exceed 200 ppm.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-AMYL ACETATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from oxidants.

Storage temp: ambient (cool)

Large quantities should be stored outdoors, in above ground storage tanks. Drums should be stored in a cool, well ventilated area. All storage containers should be grounded.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1531.0 [ppm]

50.0 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

170 [ppm]

1000 [ppm]

100 ppm (525 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (525 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

1000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

1000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH. . The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Browning [1965] that exposure to 4,000 ppm of a mixture of n-amyl acetate and isoamyl acetate produced complete loss of reflexes in rabbits within an hour [Koelsch 1912], and on the statement by Sax [1975] that 5,000 ppm n-amyl acetate produced deep narcosis in cats in 30 minutes. . . . Human data: Somnolence has been reported after exposure to 952 ppm for 30 minutes [Lehmann 1913].

1000 PPM

1000 ppm

See: 628637

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 100 ppm. /Pentyl acetate, all isomers/

50 ppm as TWA; 100 ppm as STEL.

270 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Residues of amyl acetate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Solvent, cosolvent, attractant.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Amyl acetate:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

N-amyl acetate appears as a mixture of isomers. A clear colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. Flash point varies from 65 °F to 95 °F. Less dense (at 7.2 lb / gal) than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a persistent banana-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a persistent banana-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Persistent banana-like odor

295 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

149.2 °C

149.00 to 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

148.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

less than -148 °F (USCG, 1999)

-70.8 °C

(n-) 91 °F (cc); (all isomers) 106F (cc); (iso-) 69 °F (cc) (USCG, 1999)

77 °F (25 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

60 °F (16 °C) (Closed cup)

25 °C c.c.

91 °F (n-), 106 °F (all isomers), 69 °F (iso-)

0.2 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water, 1.73X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

1.7 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: poor

0.876 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8756 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.88

0.879 @ 20°C

4.5 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

5.17 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

3.5 [mmHg]

3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C /from experimentally derived coefficients/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.65

5.17 mmHg

log Kow = 2.30

Henry's Law constant = 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Stability during transport: stable

680 °F (USCG, 1999)

680 °F (360 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

1.58 cP at 11 °C

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

N-AMYL ACETATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. This compound is incompatible with the following: Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids (NIOSH, 2024).

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis and acids.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids

Amyl Acetate

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

0 ppm, >9 yrs

Management of time-sensitive chemicals (JCHAS)

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, nose; dermatitis; possible central nervous system depression, narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

LC (rat) = 3,00 ppm/6h

LD50 Rat female oral 17250 mg/kg bw /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

LD50 Rat female oral 12306 mg/kg bw /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

LD50 Rat male oral >14064 mg/kg bw /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

LD50 Rabbit female dermal >14080 mg/kg bw /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-AMYL ACETATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Male and female human volunteer subjects were exposed for 3 to 5 minutes to different concentrations of amyl acetate vapor (identity of actual isomer not specified). Following each exposure, subjects classified the degree of irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Amyl acetate caused mild eye and nose irritation and severe throat irritation at 200 ppm. Slight transient throat discomfort was experienced at 100 ppm. ...

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In rare instances disturbances of the optic nerve have been reported ... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Instillation of 0.1 mL undiluted Primary Amyl Acetate directly into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye resulted in moderate conjunctival irritation in six of six animals, which persisted for as long as 3 days. No corneal injury or iritis was observed. Instillation of a flooding volume 0.5 mL of undiluted Primary Amyl Acetate into the rabbit eye resulted in eye irritation and minimal corneal injury described as Grade 2 on a Draize scale of 0 to 10. ... /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of 0.5 mL undiluted Primary Amyl Acetate to the clipped intact skin of rabbits for 4 hr under occluded conditions produced moderate irritation with well-defined irritation and slight edema. Seven days after dose, erythema was still evident in two of six animals and desquamation was evident in all animals. ... /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The oral toxicity of Primary Amyl Acetate was evaluated in groups of male and female rats; the test material was administered undiluted at doses of 0, 4, 8, or 16 mL/kg. A dose of 16 mL/kg bw (14,064 mg/kg bw) killed 2 of 5 rats after one day. ... All survivors recovered within two days. Signs of toxicity included sluggishness, depressed respiration, unsteady gait, lacrimation, and prostration. There was no mortality at the lower doses, and sluggishness was the only sign of toxicity observed. ... /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A group of 10 rats (5 male, 5 female) was exposed to Primary Amyl Acetate as a substantially saturated vapor for six hr; average chamber concentrations for males and females were 3693 and 3628 ppm (equivalent to 19,646 and 19,300 mg/cu m), respectively. All animals displayed signs of toxicity which included breathing difficulties, periocular wetness, and immobility; abnormal righting reflex and abnormal toe and tail pinch reflex was noted immediately following exposure. One male died; the only gross pathological finding was redness of the lungs. Surviving rats appeared normal during the 14-day observation interval. In a 4 hr exposure study, male and female rats exposed to 976 ppm (5192 mg/cu m) for 4 hr appeared normal during and after exposure and during the 14 day observation interval. /Primary Amyl Acetate (mixed isomers): 65% 1-pentyl acetate and 35% 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-AMYL ACETATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1300000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 210000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

n-Amyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for lacquers and paints; in the extraction of penicillin; in photographic film; in leather polishes; in nail polish; as a warning odor; as a flavoring agent; in printing and finishing fabrics; and in solvent for phosphors in fluorescent lamps may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Amyl acetate occurs naturally in fruits and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-amyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 51 hours. n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 34. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. n-Amyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil is expected to occur based upon a 5-day theoretical BOD of 31% using an acclimated mixed culture. If released into water, n-amyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation in water is expected to occur based upon 5-day theoretical BODs of 64% in fresh water and 35% in salt water and a freshwater biodegradation half-life of 10 days determined from a river die-away test. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to n-amyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-amyl acetate via ingestion of food (mostly fruits that naturally contain n-amyl acetate) and drinking water. (SRC)

... Occurs naturally in various fruit, such as volatile aroma of banana oil, where it is biosynthesized from L-leucine. ... Has been identified in yeasts, liquors, & in the alarm system for the honeybee's defense.

OCCURS IN PEARS AND CONTRIBUTES TO THEIR SCENT.

n-Amyl acetate occurs in fruits(1-2) and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile(SRC).

n-Amyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for lacquers and paints; in the extraction of penicillin; in photographic film; in leather polishes; in nail polish; as a warning odor; as a flavoring agent; in printing and finishing fabrics; and in solvent for phosphors in fluorescent lamps(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Amyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon a 5-day theoretical BOD of 31% using an acclimated mixed culture(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.3(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon 5-day theoretical BODs of 64% in fresh water and 35% in salt water(8) and a freshwater biodegradation half-life of 10 days determined from a river die-away test(9). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 51 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Two screening tests gave 13 and 38% of theoretical BOD values after 5 days(1). The first test used sewage seed and 1.7-20 ppm of n-amyl acetate and the second test used 440 ppm of the chemical and 10% sewage seed(1). In a biodegradability screening test using non-acclimated sewage seed, the 5 day biological oxygen demand value for n-amyl acetate was 64 and 35% theoretical in fresh and salt water(2). After 20 days the respective values were 72 and 87%(2). The degradation kinetics of n-amyl acetate in Lake Superior harbor water was first order(3). When the water was coarsely filtered (suspended solids 5.6 mg/L), the biodegradation half-life was 10.0 days, when the water was finely-filtered (2.5 mg/L suspended solids), the half-life was 4.5 days(3). The increase in rate using finely-filtered water was attributed to the reduced level of suspended solids since the other water characteristics were comparable, no reason was offered for why this might increase the biodegradation rate(3). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and an acclimated mixed culture inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 31% was observed over a 5-day incubation period(4). Using the same test with an activated sludge inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 23% was observed over a 5-day incubation period(5). The theoretical BOD for n-amyl acetate in river water over a 20-day incubation period was 50%(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-amyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 7.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 51 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.10 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated in fish for n-amyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-amyl acetate can be estimated to be 34(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1300000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 210000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

n-Amyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for lacquers and paints; in the extraction of penicillin; in photographic film; in leather polishes; in nail polish; as a warning odor; as a flavoring agent; in printing and finishing fabrics; and in solvent for phosphors in fluorescent lamps may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Amyl acetate occurs naturally in fruits and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-amyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 51 hours. n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 34. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. n-Amyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil is expected to occur based upon a 5-day theoretical BOD of 31% using an acclimated mixed culture. If released into water, n-amyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation in water is expected to occur based upon 5-day theoretical BODs of 64% in fresh water and 35% in salt water and a freshwater biodegradation half-life of 10 days determined from a river die-away test. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 15 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to n-amyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-amyl acetate via ingestion of food (mostly fruits that naturally contain n-amyl acetate) and drinking water. (SRC)

... Occurs naturally in various fruit, such as volatile aroma of banana oil, where it is biosynthesized from L-leucine. ... Has been identified in yeasts, liquors, & in the alarm system for the honeybee's defense.

OCCURS IN PEARS AND CONTRIBUTES TO THEIR SCENT.

n-Amyl acetate occurs in fruits(1-2) and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile(SRC).

n-Amyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for lacquers and paints; in the extraction of penicillin; in photographic film; in leather polishes; in nail polish; as a warning odor; as a flavoring agent; in printing and finishing fabrics; and in solvent for phosphors in fluorescent lamps(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Amyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon a 5-day theoretical BOD of 31% using an acclimated mixed culture(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.3(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon 5-day theoretical BODs of 64% in fresh water and 35% in salt water(8) and a freshwater biodegradation half-life of 10 days determined from a river die-away test(9). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 51 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Two screening tests gave 13 and 38% of theoretical BOD values after 5 days(1). The first test used sewage seed and 1.7-20 ppm of n-amyl acetate and the second test used 440 ppm of the chemical and 10% sewage seed(1). In a biodegradability screening test using non-acclimated sewage seed, the 5 day biological oxygen demand value for n-amyl acetate was 64 and 35% theoretical in fresh and salt water(2). After 20 days the respective values were 72 and 87%(2). The degradation kinetics of n-amyl acetate in Lake Superior harbor water was first order(3). When the water was coarsely filtered (suspended solids 5.6 mg/L), the biodegradation half-life was 10.0 days, when the water was finely-filtered (2.5 mg/L suspended solids), the half-life was 4.5 days(3). The increase in rate using finely-filtered water was attributed to the reduced level of suspended solids since the other water characteristics were comparable, no reason was offered for why this might increase the biodegradation rate(3). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and an acclimated mixed culture inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 31% was observed over a 5-day incubation period(4). Using the same test with an activated sludge inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 23% was observed over a 5-day incubation period(5). The theoretical BOD for n-amyl acetate in river water over a 20-day incubation period was 50%(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-amyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 7.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 51 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.10 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated in fish for n-amyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-amyl acetate can be estimated to be 34(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-amyl acetate is reported as 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-amyl acetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.3 days(SRC). n-Amyl acetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Amyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: In a survey of drinking water in the United Kingdom, n-amyl acetate was detected in the drinking water in one of 14 treatment plants tested(1). The source of water for this plant was groundwater(1).

n-Amyl acetate has been detected in effluent originating from the explosives industry (26 ppm) and of the porcelain/enameling industry (31 ppm)(1).

n-Amyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in nectarines(1) apples(2,3) and kiwi fruit(4). n-Amyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in the volatile component of baked potatoes(5) and fried chicken(6).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for n-amyl acetate is 100 to 999 persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 265,437 workers (91,128 of these were female) were potentially exposed to n-amyl acetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-amyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl acetate is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-amyl acetate via ingestion of food (mostly fruits that naturally contain n-amyl acetate) and drinking water(SRC).

n-Amyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in human adipose tissue(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. 2. By atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Amyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for amyl acetate (primary): Activated carbon.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Amyl acetates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Amyl acetates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Amyl acetates/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Amyl acetates/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-AMYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1104; Amyl acetates

IMO 3.3; Amyl acetates

IMO 3.2; Amyl acetates

49 091 11; Amyl acetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

R: 10-66; S: (2)-23-25; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III