1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (1 of 44) of reports.

H302 (97.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H400 (88.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (88.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 44 reports by companies.

There are 3 notifications provided by 43 of 44 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene appears as white crystals or off-white solid. (NTP, 1992)

Colorless solid; [HSDB] White or off-white solid; [CAMEO]

Colorless needles

475 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

122 to 126 °F (NTP, 1992)

greater than 235 °F (NTP, 1992)

Flash point > 113 °C

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 67.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

SOL IN HOT WATER, ETHER, BENZENE; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALCOHOL; VERY SOL IN CARBON DISULFIDE, PETROLEUM ETHER

In water, 5.1 mg/l at 25 °C.

1 mmHg at 136.8 °F ; 5 mmHg at 192 °F; 760 mmHg at 475 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.07 [mmHg]

0.073 mm Hg at 25 °C

log Kow= 4.66

Henry's Law constant= 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

DISTILLATION RANGE 240-246 °C

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Schoenflies notation

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Other Classes -> Halogenated Monoaromatics

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

Simple aromatic halogenated organic compounds, such as 1,2,3,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE, are very unreactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. This chemical may react with oxidizers. (NTP, 1992).

IN MFR OF SODIUM SALT OF TRICHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, METHYL ALCOHOL & TETRACHLOROBENZENE WERE HEATED. DURING HEATING PROCESS, PRESSURE SUDDENLY INCR RAPIDLY & EXPLOSION OCCURRED. /TETRACHLORBENZENE/

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

LD50 Rats oral 1727 mg/kg

TDLo Rats oral 2mg/kg (6-15 days preg), Toxic Effects: Reproductive fertility.

Since TeCB's can increase cytochrome p450 levels, ... it appears to induce metabolic enzymes. /This/ induction of microsomal enzyme activity has been shown to enhance the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs, pesticides and other xenobiotics. Exposure to TeCB could therefore result in decreased pharmacologic and/or toxicologic activity of numerous compounds. /In the event/ that chemical agents are metabolized to more active or toxic reactive intermediates ... exposure to TeCB would result in enhanced activity and/or toxicity of these agents. /Tetrachlorobenzenes/

LIVER CONSTITUENTS, CYTOCHROME CONTENTS, & ACTIVITIES OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES & DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID SYNTHETASE WERE EXAM IN RATS TREATED WITH 1,2,3,5-TETRACHLORBENZENE. PHOSPHORUS WAS INCR 91% & HEPATIC GLYCOGEN CONTENT WAS DECR BY TREATMENT.

Three tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) congeners (1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, and 1,2,4,-) were administered daily by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg from day 6-15 of gestation. Mothers were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation and the pups removed by cesarean section for teratological evaluation. Administration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB failed to alter maternal body weight, organ weights, hematological, or the biochemical parameters. The highest dose level of 1,2,4,5-TCB caused maternal death in 9 of 10 animals. In addition, it induced mixed function oxidases and increased serum cholesterol values at 50 and 100 mg/kg. There was a decrease in the number of fetuses at the highest dose levels of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB and at the lowest dose level of the 1,2,4,5- congener. None of the congeners produced any anomalies. There were no treatment-related histopatholgical changes in either the mothers or fetuses. Residues of all three congeners were found in maternal and fetal tissues but generally the amounts of the 1,2,4,5- isomer were about 100 times higher than the other two.

Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm of each of 1,2,3,4- 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-TCB for 13 weeks. Rats fed 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB exhibited significant increases in liver and kidney weight. Moderate to severe histological changes occurred in the liver and kidney of rats fed the three isomers, but the 1,2,4,5-isomer caused the most severe lesions. 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated in fat and liver in a dose dependent manner. Results indicate that 1,2,4,5-TCB is the most toxic isomer of the three.

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dosed orally with 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5- and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at levels that ranged from 200-4000 mg/kg, and were observed clinically for 14 days. ... Clinical signs of toxicity included depression, flaccid muscle tone, prostration, piloerection, loose stool, hypothermia, dacryorrhea, coma and death.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2,3,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Individuals who suffer from/ skin, liver, kidney or chronic respiratory disease, will be at an increased risk if they are exposed to chlorobenzenes. /Chlorobenzenes/

LC50 Bluegill sunfish 57.8 mg/l/24 hr; 11.5 mg/l/48hr; 6.42 mg/l/96hr.

LC50 Sheepshead Minnow > 7.5 mg/l/24 hr; 5.59 mg/l/48hr; 3.67 mg/l/96hr.

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's production and use as a starting material and intermediate for herbicides and defoliants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It is a degradation byproduct of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene and therefore may enter the environment as a result of the microbial degradation of these compounds. Based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated atmospheric half-life of 80 days. 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soils based upon log Koc values in the range of 3.2-4.2 measured in soils and sediment. Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be important based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on the Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C, but adsorption may attenuate this process. A half-life of 45 days in sewage sludge amended soil and a half-life of 19 days in anaerobic sediment suggest that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow in soil and water. In water, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its measured Koc values. This compound is expected to volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant, but adsorption may attenuate this process. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 and 150 hours, respectively when neglecting adsorption. The volatilization half-life in a model pond is about 36 days when adsorption is considered. When irradiated with light greater than 285 nm, this compound was degraded 66 percent in a water solution, suggesting that photolysis in surface waters may be important. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is considered high based on BCF values in the range of 1,300 to 3,600 measured in fish. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's production and use as a starting material and inermediate for herbicides and defoliants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(1,SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is a degradation byproduct of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene and therefore may enter the environment as a result of the microbial degradation of these compounds(2,SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and log Koc values in the range of 3.2-4.2(2,3), 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected from moist soil surfaces given its Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A half-life of 45 days in sewage sludge amended soil suggests that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and a log Koc value of 3.9(2) measured in sediment, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) given its Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 and 150 hours, respectively when neglecting adsorption(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is 36 days when adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 1,300 to 3,600 measured in fish(7-9), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A half-life of 19 days in an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry suggests that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow(10). When irradiated with light greater than 285 nm, this compound was degraded 66 percent in 40 hrs in a water solution(11), suggesting that photolysis in surface waters may be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 2.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was biodegraded by an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry obtained from the Tsurumi River, Japan(1). The first-order biodegradation rate constant was 0.037 days-1, corresponding to a half-life of about 19 days(1). The half-life of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in sewage sludge amended soil was 45.4 days(2). An enriched microbial culture derived from sediment of the Rhine River reductively dechlorinated 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in 280 days after a lag period of 47 days(3). An enriched microbial culture obtained from sediment of Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands dechlorinated 250 nmols of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in 300 hours(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 80 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene in a water solution irradiated at wavelengths greater than 285 nm was 66 percent photodegraded in 40 hours(2).

A measured steady state bioconcentration factor of 1800 was obtained for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene using bluegill.

Bluegill sunfish exposed to 7.7 ug/l of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene for 14-28 days had an avg BCF value of 1,800(1). A BCF value of 3,600 was observed for guppies exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene(2) and a BCF value of 1,300 was observed for mosquito fish exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Log Koc values of 4.2(1) and 3.2(2) were reported for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene. A log Koc value of 3.9 was measured for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in sediment obtained from Ise Bay, Japan(3) According to a recommended classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene has low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This value indicates that 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will volatilize from water, but adsorption may attenuate this process(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 150 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 36 days when adsorption is considered(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected, but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.1-1.4 ng/l in the Niagara River(1). Water collected in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calacasieu River, LA contained 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene at a concn of 42 ng/l(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.01 and 0.005 ng/l in Lake Ontario(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at an avg concn of 18 pg/l in Lake Ontario(4) and 0.004 ng/l in Lake Huron(5). Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in rivers from Slovenia at a mean concn of 80 ng/l(6). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in the Elbe River, Germany at concns of 0.23-0.84 ng/l(7).

DRINKING WATER: Combined isomers of tetrachlorobenzene were detected in the drinking water of homes near Love Canal, NY at concns of 120-2,000 ng/l(1).

Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 38-1,800,000 ng/cu m in the effluent of a waste gasification and combustion pilot plant(1) and detected at concns of 74.7 and 48 ng/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Biebesheim, Germany(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in the effluent from a coal-fired power plant(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a concn of 0.3 ug/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Germany(4). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 0.01-0.11 ug/l in the effluent of 2 Dow Chemical plants near the St. Claire River, Canada(5). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in pulp mill effluents in Canada(6). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 29 and 57 ug/cu m in the effluent of municipal refuse incinerators located in Virginia and Ohio, respectively(7).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in the sediment of Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands at concns of 4 and 2 ng/kg(1). Mean 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene concns of 0.1, 0.4, 0.3 and 6 ppb were detected in the superficial sediments from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, respectively(2). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected at concns of 0-0.4 ng/g in sediment from Ise Bay, Japan(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a max concn of 3 ng/g in sediment taken from the Scheldt estuary, Netherlands(4). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was detected in soil samples in Niagara Falls, NY at mean concns of 910, 4,620, 2,000, 1,300 and 290 pg/g(5). Sediment from the St Lawrence River contained 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at concns of 0.39-1.6 ng/g(6). Soil from Hengelo, Netherlands contained 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at a mean concn of 1.61 mg/kg(7). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in sediment (6.6 ng/g) and suspended particulate matter (1.9 ng/g) in Lake Ontario(8). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in sediment off the coast of Taiwan at concns of 1-12 ng/g(9).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in the air of Hamburg, Germany at concns of 0.5-20.9 ng/cu m(1). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at mean concns of 690 parts per trillion in the urban air of the US and 95 parts per trillion in source dominated air(2). Combined tetrachlorobenzne isomers were detected in the ambient air of Niagara Falls, NY at trace levels to 451 ng/cu m(3).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in carrots (0.0297 ug/kg (peel)) and potatoes (0.0216 ug/kg (peel)) sampled in the UK(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in the following oils: corn (0.04 mg/kg), rape (0.005 mg/kg), sunflower (0.001 mg/kg), peanut (0.001 mg/kg), sesame (0.005 mg/kg) walnut (0.005 mg/kg), hazelnut (0.01 mg/kg) and poppy (0.005 mg/kg)(2).

Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in pine needles at concns of 3-30 ng/g and grass at 15 ng/g(1).

Combined 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in aquatic organisms collected in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calacasieu River estuary, LA (ug/g of lipids): 4.7 ug/g - Atlantic croaker; 7.5 ug/g - blue crabs; 0.79 ug/g - spotted sea trout; and 3.4 ug/g - blue catfish(1). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in trout from the Great Lakes at concns of 0.1-1.0 ng/g(2). Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in fish from Slovenia at concns of 40 and 180 ug/g(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a mean concn of 0.3 ng/g in fish from 400 sites in the US(4).

Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in herring gull eggs from the Detroit River at mean concns of 0.01-0.45 ppm(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in herring gull eggs near Lake Huron at median concns of 0.5-201 ng/g(2) and near Lake Superior at concns of 0.004-0.01 ug/g(3). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in eggs of terns (0.002 and 0.005 mg/kg), double-crested cormorant (0.003 mg/kg) and black-crowned night herons (0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg)(4).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in human milk in Canada at 0.03 ng/g (whole milk) and 0.92 ng/g (milk fat)(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where this compound is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the AVDI of all tetrachlorobenzene isomers for humans is less than 0.1 ng/kg body weight(1).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene has been detected in 13 of 108 samples of human adipose tissue at a mean concn of 30 ng/g(1). Combined trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in human adipose tissue in Slovenia at a concn of 60 ng/g and in human hair samples at 40 ng/g(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in the adipose tissue of non-occupationally exposed individuals in Germany(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at an avg concn in human blood of 5.1 ng/g and adipose tissue at 0.41 ng/g(4).

LC50 Bluegill sunfish 57.8 mg/l/24 hr; 11.5 mg/l/48hr; 6.42 mg/l/96hr.

LC50 Sheepshead Minnow > 7.5 mg/l/24 hr; 5.59 mg/l/48hr; 3.67 mg/l/96hr.

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's production and use as a starting material and intermediate for herbicides and defoliants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It is a degradation byproduct of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene and therefore may enter the environment as a result of the microbial degradation of these compounds. Based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated atmospheric half-life of 80 days. 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soils based upon log Koc values in the range of 3.2-4.2 measured in soils and sediment. Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be important based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on the Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C, but adsorption may attenuate this process. A half-life of 45 days in sewage sludge amended soil and a half-life of 19 days in anaerobic sediment suggest that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow in soil and water. In water, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its measured Koc values. This compound is expected to volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant, but adsorption may attenuate this process. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 and 150 hours, respectively when neglecting adsorption. The volatilization half-life in a model pond is about 36 days when adsorption is considered. When irradiated with light greater than 285 nm, this compound was degraded 66 percent in a water solution, suggesting that photolysis in surface waters may be important. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is considered high based on BCF values in the range of 1,300 to 3,600 measured in fish. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's production and use as a starting material and inermediate for herbicides and defoliants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(1,SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is a degradation byproduct of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene and therefore may enter the environment as a result of the microbial degradation of these compounds(2,SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and log Koc values in the range of 3.2-4.2(2,3), 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected from moist soil surfaces given its Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A half-life of 45 days in sewage sludge amended soil suggests that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and a log Koc value of 3.9(2) measured in sediment, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) given its Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 and 150 hours, respectively when neglecting adsorption(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is 36 days when adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 1,300 to 3,600 measured in fish(7-9), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A half-life of 19 days in an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry suggests that biodegradation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will be slow(10). When irradiated with light greater than 285 nm, this compound was degraded 66 percent in 40 hrs in a water solution(11), suggesting that photolysis in surface waters may be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 2.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was biodegraded by an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry obtained from the Tsurumi River, Japan(1). The first-order biodegradation rate constant was 0.037 days-1, corresponding to a half-life of about 19 days(1). The half-life of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in sewage sludge amended soil was 45.4 days(2). An enriched microbial culture derived from sediment of the Rhine River reductively dechlorinated 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in 280 days after a lag period of 47 days(3). An enriched microbial culture obtained from sediment of Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands dechlorinated 250 nmols of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in 300 hours(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 80 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene in a water solution irradiated at wavelengths greater than 285 nm was 66 percent photodegraded in 40 hours(2).

A measured steady state bioconcentration factor of 1800 was obtained for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene using bluegill.

Bluegill sunfish exposed to 7.7 ug/l of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene for 14-28 days had an avg BCF value of 1,800(1). A BCF value of 3,600 was observed for guppies exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene(2) and a BCF value of 1,300 was observed for mosquito fish exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Log Koc values of 4.2(1) and 3.2(2) were reported for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene. A log Koc value of 3.9 was measured for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in sediment obtained from Ise Bay, Japan(3) According to a recommended classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene has low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene is 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This value indicates that 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene will volatilize from water, but adsorption may attenuate this process(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 150 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 36 days when adsorption is considered(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected, but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.1-1.4 ng/l in the Niagara River(1). Water collected in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calacasieu River, LA contained 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene at a concn of 42 ng/l(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.01 and 0.005 ng/l in Lake Ontario(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at an avg concn of 18 pg/l in Lake Ontario(4) and 0.004 ng/l in Lake Huron(5). Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in rivers from Slovenia at a mean concn of 80 ng/l(6). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in the Elbe River, Germany at concns of 0.23-0.84 ng/l(7).

DRINKING WATER: Combined isomers of tetrachlorobenzene were detected in the drinking water of homes near Love Canal, NY at concns of 120-2,000 ng/l(1).

Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 38-1,800,000 ng/cu m in the effluent of a waste gasification and combustion pilot plant(1) and detected at concns of 74.7 and 48 ng/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Biebesheim, Germany(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in the effluent from a coal-fired power plant(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a concn of 0.3 ug/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Germany(4). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 0.01-0.11 ug/l in the effluent of 2 Dow Chemical plants near the St. Claire River, Canada(5). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in pulp mill effluents in Canada(6). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at concns of 29 and 57 ug/cu m in the effluent of municipal refuse incinerators located in Virginia and Ohio, respectively(7).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in the sediment of Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands at concns of 4 and 2 ng/kg(1). Mean 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene concns of 0.1, 0.4, 0.3 and 6 ppb were detected in the superficial sediments from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, respectively(2). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected at concns of 0-0.4 ng/g in sediment from Ise Bay, Japan(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a max concn of 3 ng/g in sediment taken from the Scheldt estuary, Netherlands(4). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was detected in soil samples in Niagara Falls, NY at mean concns of 910, 4,620, 2,000, 1,300 and 290 pg/g(5). Sediment from the St Lawrence River contained 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at concns of 0.39-1.6 ng/g(6). Soil from Hengelo, Netherlands contained 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at a mean concn of 1.61 mg/kg(7). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in sediment (6.6 ng/g) and suspended particulate matter (1.9 ng/g) in Lake Ontario(8). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in sediment off the coast of Taiwan at concns of 1-12 ng/g(9).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in the air of Hamburg, Germany at concns of 0.5-20.9 ng/cu m(1). Combined tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected at mean concns of 690 parts per trillion in the urban air of the US and 95 parts per trillion in source dominated air(2). Combined tetrachlorobenzne isomers were detected in the ambient air of Niagara Falls, NY at trace levels to 451 ng/cu m(3).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in carrots (0.0297 ug/kg (peel)) and potatoes (0.0216 ug/kg (peel)) sampled in the UK(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in the following oils: corn (0.04 mg/kg), rape (0.005 mg/kg), sunflower (0.001 mg/kg), peanut (0.001 mg/kg), sesame (0.005 mg/kg) walnut (0.005 mg/kg), hazelnut (0.01 mg/kg) and poppy (0.005 mg/kg)(2).

Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in pine needles at concns of 3-30 ng/g and grass at 15 ng/g(1).

Combined 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in aquatic organisms collected in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calacasieu River estuary, LA (ug/g of lipids): 4.7 ug/g - Atlantic croaker; 7.5 ug/g - blue crabs; 0.79 ug/g - spotted sea trout; and 3.4 ug/g - blue catfish(1). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in trout from the Great Lakes at concns of 0.1-1.0 ng/g(2). Combined isomers of tri- and tetrachlorobenzene were detected in fish from Slovenia at concns of 40 and 180 ug/g(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at a mean concn of 0.3 ng/g in fish from 400 sites in the US(4).

Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in herring gull eggs from the Detroit River at mean concns of 0.01-0.45 ppm(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in herring gull eggs near Lake Huron at median concns of 0.5-201 ng/g(2) and near Lake Superior at concns of 0.004-0.01 ug/g(3). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in eggs of terns (0.002 and 0.005 mg/kg), double-crested cormorant (0.003 mg/kg) and black-crowned night herons (0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg)(4).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in human milk in Canada at 0.03 ng/g (whole milk) and 0.92 ng/g (milk fat)(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where this compound is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the AVDI of all tetrachlorobenzene isomers for humans is less than 0.1 ng/kg body weight(1).

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene has been detected in 13 of 108 samples of human adipose tissue at a mean concn of 30 ng/g(1). Combined trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in human adipose tissue in Slovenia at a concn of 60 ng/g and in human hair samples at 40 ng/g(2). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in the adipose tissue of non-occupationally exposed individuals in Germany(3). 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected at an avg concn in human blood of 5.1 ng/g and adipose tissue at 0.41 ng/g(4).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.