Formic Acid

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P234, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P390, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 3384) of reports.

H226 (21.1%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302 (18.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (99.7%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (19.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (17.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3384 reports by companies from 77 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 3384 reports by companies.

There are 76 notifications provided by 3383 of 3384 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Give nothing to drink. Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

... Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers my explode in fire. ...

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with weak alkaline solution such as disodium carbonate. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spill or leak procedures: Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Neutralize spill and washings with soda ash or lime.

Environmental considerations--land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime ... crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Environmental considerations--water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations--air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U123, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for formic acid: biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Mite-Away Quick Strips/

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated area (bee hive) during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 72 hrs.. /Mite-Away Quick Strips/

Appropriate PPE as listed must be worn for re-entry into the treated area (bee hive) after the 72 hour REI and within the remaining 7 days. PPE required for entry into treated bee hives (that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated), is: Wear coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and shoes, acid resistant gloves (PVC, neoprene or nitrile), and protective eyewear. Wear a respirator with an organic-vapor removing cartridge with a pre-filter approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-23C), or a canister approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-14G), or a NIOSH approved respirator with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge or canister with any N, R, P or HE pre-filter. /Mite-Away Quick Strips/

User Safety Recommendations: Users should remove Personal Protective Equipment/clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Replace chemical gloves if punctured or stretched. Have water readily available should skin or eye contact occur. Only use out of doors, stand upwind of product. Use caution when opening the container, especially in warm weather. /Mite-Away Quick Strips/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Store only in original container. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in a dry, well-ventilated place. Separate from oxidizing materials and alkaline substances.

Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outdoors or detached storage is preferred.

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids, and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Store indoors, in original container, out of direct sunlight, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sulphuric acid, oxidizing agents, and sources of ignition and away from the reach of children. Avoid heat, sparks, and open flames. Do not eat, drink or smoke in areas of use or storage. Use caution when opening the container, especially in warm weather, i.e.: open outdoors and stay upwind. Keep separate to prevent cross-contamination of other pesticides, fertilizer, food, or feed. /Mite-Away Quick Strips/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

5.0 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

25 [ppm]

250 [ppm]

5 ppm (9 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)

30 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

30.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: Because no data on acute inhalation toxicity are available on which to base an IDLH for formic acid, the chosen IDLH is based on an analogy with formaldehyde, which has an IDLH of 30 ppm. . . . Human data: Workers exposed to about 15 ppm have complained of nausea [Fahy and Elkins 1954].

See: 64186

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 10 ppm.

5 ppm as TWA; 10 ppm as STEL.

5 ppm [1965]

10 ppm [1965]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 3 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 25 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 250 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Arab Republic of Egypt TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/cu m)

Australia TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/cu m)

Austria TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/cu m)

Belgium TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/cu m)

For more Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema.

The pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with label use directions.

Formic acid appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 156 °F. Density 10.2 lb / gal. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

CBI; Dry Powder; Liquid; Other Solid; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a pungent, penetrating odor. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

colourless, highly corrosive liquid/characteristic pungent odour

Colorless liquid with a pungent, penetrating odor.

Colorless liquid with a pungent, penetrating odor. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]

Colorless fuming liquid

Colorless liquid [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution]

Pungent, penetrating odor

213.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

224 °F (90% solution)

101 °C @760 [mm Hg]

47.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

20 °F (90% solution)

156 °F (NTP, 1992)

156 °F (69 °C) (closed cup); 90% soln: 122 °F (50 °C) (closed cup)

138 °F, open cup

122 °F (90% solution, open-cup)

(oc) 122 °F (90% solution)

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol; partially soluble in benzene, toluene, xylenes

Dissolves to the extent of about 10% in benzene, toluene, and xylenes, and to a lesser extent in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Miscible with water

1000.0 mg/mL

Solubility in water: miscible

miscible with water, alcohol, glycerin, ether

(in ethanol)

Miscible

1.22 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.220 at 20 °C/4 °C

Bulk density 10.16 lb/gal at 20 °C

Relative density of the vapor/air mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.03

Relative density (water = 1): 1.2 (20 °C)

1.22 (90% solution)

1.220 @ 20°C

1.6 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.59 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.6

35 mmHg at 68 °F ; 200 mmHg at 142.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

Fumes in air. Soluble in water with release of heat.

Acids, Carboxylic

CSL00178

Formic acid + Hydrogen peroxide

Reaction resulted in an explosion

Explosive

Not Available

User Reported

04/22/2022

FORMIC ACID reacts exothmerically with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Reacts with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Reacts with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable or toxic gases. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate carbon dioxide but still heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. May initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze other chemical reactions. A mixture with furfuryl alcohol exploded [Chem. Eng. News 18:72(1940)].

/Aluminium/ ... reduces the acid (itself a reducant) with incandescence.

During prepn of ... /peroxyformic acid/ by a patented procedure involving interaction of formic acid with hydrogen peroxide in presence of metabolic acid, an explosion occurred which was attributed to spontaneous separation of virtually pure peroxyformic acid.

/Reacts/ ... explosively with oxidizing agents...

During an attempt to prepare furfuryl formate from furfuryl alcohol and concentrated formic acid, an explosion occurred.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, strong caustics, concentrated sulfuric acid [Note: Corrosive to metals.]

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that formic acid and sodium formate are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Formic acid

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Blurred vision. Pain. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Sore throat. Abdominal cramps. Ulceration in the mouth.

irritation eyes; skin, throat; skin burns, dermatitis; lacrimation (discharge of tears); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus); cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); nausea

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Formic Acid

9 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

9 x 10^-4 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 15,000 mg/m3/15m

LD50 Dog oral 4000 mg/kg

LD50 Dog iv 3000 mg/kg /Sodium formate/

LC50 Mouse inhalation 6200 mg/cu m /15 min

LD50 Mouse oral 700 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Hemodialysis accelerates both the elimination of both methanol and formic acid and also assists in correction of metabolic acidosis. Experimental data suggests that the administration of folic acid may be of benefit by hastening the metabolism of formic acid to carbon dioxide. Prompt ... /treatment/ can probably decr the morbidity and mortality /associated with this form/ of poisoning.

In cases of formic acid ingestion, sodium bicarbonate may... decrease tissue penetration of the formic acid and enhance urinary elimination.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to formic acid at potentially hazardous levels: 1. Initial medical screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... /chronic respiratory disease, skin disease, kidney disease, liver diseases and eye disease/ which might place the employee at incr risk from formic acid exposure. ... 2. Periodic medical exam: Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical exam.

Consideration should be given to possible irritant effects on skin, eyes, and lung in any placement or periodic examinations.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ To determine if /formic acid/ (FA) levels are higher in the alcohol-drinking population and to assess its neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal rat brain slice cultures. ... Serum and /cerebral spinal fluid/ (CSF) FA was measured in samples from both ethanol abusing and control patients, who presented to a hospital emergency department. FA's neurotoxicity and its reversibility by folic acid were assessed using organotypic rat brain hippocampal slice cultures using clinically relevant concentrations. Serum FA levels in the alcoholics (mean +/- SE: 0.416 +/- 0.093 mmol/l, n = 23) were significantly higher than in controls (mean +/- SE: 0.154 +/- 0.009 mmol/l, n = 82) (p < 0.0002). FA was not detected in the controls' CSF (n = 20), whereas it was >0.15 mmol/l in CSF of 3 of the 4 alcoholic cases. Low doses of FA from 1 to 5 mmol/l added for 24, 48 or 72 hours to the rat brain slice cultures caused neuronal death as measured by propidium iodide staining. When folic acid (1 micromol/l) was added with the FA, neuronal death was prevented.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... An examination of 12 fatalities attributed to methanol poisoning is presented. Six individuals were found deceased, and their postmortem methanol and formic acid concentrations ranged from 84 to 543 mg/dL and 64 to 110 mg/dL, respectively. In the other six individuals, hospital treatment such as bicarbonate, ethanol infusion, and hemodialysis was administered. Antemortem methanol and formic acid concentrations ranged from 68 to 427 mg/dL and 37 to 91 mg/dL, respectively, whereas corresponding postmortem methanol and formic acid levels ranged from undetectable to 49 mg/dL and undetectable to 48 mg/dL, respectively. Hospital treatment of formic acid toxicity resulted in significantly reduced postmortem methanol and formic acid concentrations. ...

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Workers exposed to formic /acid/ ... in a textile plant complained of nausea. Air tests in the area revealed concentrations ... averaging 15 ppm.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ingestions of less than 10 grams by children have led to superficial oropharyngeal burns with the children recovering. In adults, ingestions exceeding about 50 grams were generally fatal with lesser doses resulting in superficial oropharyngeal burns, hematemesis, hepatotoxicity, ulcerations and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In a ... rabbit, pure liquid formic acid applied with a brush to part of cornea ... /caused/ immediate local opacity. This began to clear ... in 5 days, but by that time there was hypopyon, posterior subcapsular lens opacity, absence of portions of corneal endothelium, infiltration, and growth of new blood vessels at the limbus. The iris was also infiltrated and hyperemic. In another rabbit a five minute application of formic acid diluted to 10% also caused dense white local opacity, and at 5 days the reaction in the cornea was similar to that of the eye exposed to concentrated acid, but hypopyon was absent.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In sheep formic acid given orally (150 mg/kg) was without adverse effect, except for some indication of anorexia.

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 34 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 34 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: static, 22 °C, pH 7.0-8.2; Concentration: 151.2 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: immobilization

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill); Concentration: 175 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Two formic acid autumnal treatments, gel packets (BeeVar formulation) and impregnated paperwick (Liebig-Dispenser), were tested in apiary... . The total amount of formic acid administered per hive during all the treatment period was approximately 200 g for either treatment. A significantly higher adult bee mortality was recorded in the Liebig-Dispenser-treated hives compared with the BeeVar-treated group. On the contrary, BeeVar treatment produced an interruption of brood reared, whereas the extension of the sealed brood area of the Liebig-Dispenser-treated hives was not significantly different from that of the control hives. Neither queen mortality nor robbing activity was observed due to the treatments. Formic acid residues in honey collected in the nest were 3,855 +/- 2,061 and 3,030 +/- 1,624 mg/kg for the BeeVar- and the Liebig-Dispenser-treated hives, respectively. After 21 days from the end of the treatment, the residues fell to 1,261 +/- 1,054 and 794 +/- 518 mg/kg for the honey sampled from the BeeVar and Liebig-Dispenser groups, respectively.

2.90e+01

1.20e+02

3.10e-01

1.30e+00

6.30e-01

4.00e+03

1.30e-04

9.00e-01

3.00e-04

Volatile

1.06e+05

8.70e+01

3.70e+02

9.40e-01

3.90e+00

1.90e+00

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Formic acid's production and use as a preservative in foods and silage; acidulant in dyeing of natural and synthetic fibers, leather tanning; coagulating latex in rubber production, and in chemical synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in hydrofracking to prevent pipe corrosion and application to freshly cut grass prior to ensilation will result in its direct release to the environment. Formic acid occurs in fruits, vegetables, and leaves and roots of plants, and also in the defensive secretions of numerous insects, particularly of ants. Formic acid is an intermediary human metabolite that is immediately transformed to formate. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 42.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates formic acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase formic acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 36 days. Formic acid does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, formic acid is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of formic acid is 3.75, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Formic acid may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Theoretical BOD values ranging from 4.3% to 77.6% after 5 days using sewage, activated sludge, fresh water, and synthetic sea water inocula indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, formic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 150 and 1,100 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to formic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where formic acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to formic acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing formic acid as well as when stung by certain insects and marine cnidarians. (SRC)

Formic acid occurs in fruits, vegetables, and leaves and roots of plants(1), and also in the defensive secretions of numerous insects, particularly of ants(2). It is also an intermediate product in the decomposition of organic matter in lake sediment(3) and a photooxidation product of alkanes, alkenes, and biogenic terpenes by hydroxyl-radical(4,5). Formic acid is an intermediary human metabolite that is immediately transformed to formate(6).

Found in the bites and stings of various insects including bees and ants

IDENTIFIED AS CILIA TOXIC & MUCOUS COAGULATING AGENT IN TOBACCO SMOKE. /FROM TABLE/

Formic acid's production and use as a preservative in foods and silage; acidulant in dyeing of natural and synthetic fibers, leather tanning; coagulating latex in rubber production, and in chemical synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydrofracking to prevent pipe corrosion(2) and application to freshly cut grass prior to ensilation(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.54(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that formic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of formic acid is 3.75(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of formic acid from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(6). Formic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 42.6 mm Hg(7). Theoretical BOD values ranging from 4.3% to 77.6% after 5 days using sewage and activated sludge inocula(8-13) indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.54(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that formic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 150 and 1100 days, respectively(SRC). The pKa of formic acid is 3.8(5), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow -0.54(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Theoretical BOD values ranging from 4.3% to 77.6% after 5 days using sewage, activated sludge, fresh water, and synthetic sea water inocula(9-15) indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), formic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 42.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase formic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 36 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Formic acid does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Formic acid biodegrades readily in screening tests(1-9). Specific results include: 4.3 and 38.8% of theoretical BOD after 5 and 10 days using a sewage inoculum(1); 43.7-77.6% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with a sewage inoculum(2); 70% of theoretical BOD in 24 hours using activated sludge(3); 66% of theoretical BOD in 12 hours using an activated sludge inoculum(4); 39.9% of theoretical BOD in 24 hours with activated sludge(5); 48 and 51% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with unacclimated and acclimated sewage inoculum, respectively(6); and 40.5 and 51.7% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with sewage inocula in fresh water and synthetic seawater, respectively(7). Microorganisms are present in the air that can degrade formate in rainwater(8). Formic acid, present at 100 mg/L, reached 110% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(9).

ANAEROBIC: Formic acid is amenable to anaerobic biodegradation. In one study, 89% degradation was obtained after a 4 day lag by methane fermentation(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of formic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 36 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Formic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Formic acid does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The anhydrous acid catalyzes its own esterification with alcohols and polyols, but often also promotes dehydration to the ether or olefin(5). Anhydrous formic acid decomposes to carbon monoxide and water(6). Reactions between hydroxyl radicals and formic acid occur in cloud water. During daylight hours, aqueous-phase hydroxyl radical reactions can both produce and destroy formic acid in cloud drops and may control the formic acid levels in rain(7).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for formic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of formic acid is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that formic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of formic acid is 3.75(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for formic acid is 1.67X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that formic acid is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 150 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1100 days(SRC). Formic acid's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of formic acid from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 42.6 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, FL, the site of a wood treatment facility contained 0.13 ppb of formic acid at 6 m depth(1). No formic acid was found at 18 m depth(1).

SURFACE WATER: Concentrations of formic acid in the Ohio River, Little Miami River and Tannes Creek were 12-39 ppb, 18.4-25.2 ppb, and 22.3 ppb, respectively(1). In Lake Kizaki in Japan, surface concentration of formic acid was 115 ppb(2). Although the concentration varied with depth (0-28 m) between 0 and 115 ppb, the variation was not a smoothly decreasing one(2).

RAIN/SNOW/FOG: The volume-weighted average concentration of formic acid in Venezuelan rains was 7 uM in the continental region(1). Formic acid was detected in 14 wet precipitation samples collected from 9 sites in southern California between 1982 and 1984 with concentrations ranging from 0.18 uM in snow from rural Wrightwood to 15.85 uM in rain from urban Los Angeles, and an average concentration of 4.12 uM(2). Six in-cloud precipitation samples collected from a cloud in Shenandoah National Park, VA during September 1990 had an average formic acid concentration of 8.3 uM(3). Precipitation samples collected at two Wisconsin lakes on the Wisconsin Acid Deposition Monitoring Network contained formic acid concentrations ranging from the detection limit of 20 ppb to 2,576 ppb, median 382 ppb(4). The average volume-weighted concentration of formic acid in rainwater in a study (154 measurements) at Wilmington, NC was 7.4 umol/L and contributed 19% of the rainwater's acidity(5). Fogwater in Corvallis, OR had a median and high formic acid concentration of 61 and 133 umol/L, respectively(6).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U123, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for formic acid: biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for FORMIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1779; FORMIC ACID

IMO 8.0; FORMIC ACID

49 313 20; Formic acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs and combustible materials.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II