thiometon

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (97.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (97.6%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The pure thiometon is unstable. It is hydrolyzed in aqueous soln. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for THIOMETON (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Formulations are said to be stable for at least 2 yr when stored below 40 °C.

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Colorless oily liquid; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS OILY LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless oil

Characteristic odor

110 °C at 0.1 mm Hg

at O.013kPa: 110 °C

It is slightly soluble in light petroleum; soluble in most organic solvents.

200 mg/l in water @ 25 °C

Readily soluble in common organic solvents. Slightly soluble in petroleum ether and mineral oils.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.02

1.209 @ 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.2

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 8.5

0.000017 [mmHg]

1.7X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.02

In its pure state thiometon is of low stability, but it is stable in apolar solvents, especially xylene or chlorobenzene. Thiometon is unstable under alkaline conditions.

Hydrolyzes more rapidly in alkaline media than in acidic media.

Shelf-life (of Ekatin 50ZP) at 20 °C is circa 2 years.

Non-corrosive

Refractive index: 1.5515

Miscible with other emulsifiable organophosphate insecticides.

Good stability when in non-polar solvents, more unstable in the pure state. Hydrolyzed more rapidly in alkaline media than in acidic media.

Easily hydrolyzed in aqueous solution at 25 °C; 50% loss in 25 days at pH 3, 27 days at pH 6 and 17 days at pH 9.

Boiling point

Heat of sublimation

Vapor pressure

Acaricides, Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Incompatible with alkaline preparations and formulating materials.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Dizziness. Sweating. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Weakness. Muscle twitching. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Further see Inhalation.

Other Poison - Organophosphate

FAO/WHO ADI: 0.003 mg/kg

LCLo (rat) = 20 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat oral 120-130 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal > 1000 mg/kg

Testosterone reduces the hemolytic action of Ekatin on the morphotic blood elements by accelerating maturation of erythroblastic cells. Testosterone, by accelerating the metabolism of the pesticide causes a defective defence process of the organism by decreasing the number of macrophages. Intoxication of androgenized /Coturnix coturnix (pharaoh quail)/ with Ekatin leads to a breakdown of the systemic adaptive mechanism by rapid and early switching on the adrenal cortex in response to stress caused by poisoning.

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/

Atropine is the antidote of choice as in organophosphate poisoning. Although the total amount of atropine required usually is less, the same initial doses are recommended. Pralidoxime usually is necessary and may reduce the effectiveness of atropine (especially with carbaryl). ... Patients require approximately 6-12 hr of atropine treatment, but all significantly poisoned patients should be observed at least 24 hr after the last atropine dose. /Organophosphate poisoning/

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for THIOMETON (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

Twelve female agricultural workers exposed to thiometon were followed for at least 6 months. Changes were reported in catalase, cytochrome oxidase and ceruloplasmin and the changes persisted in some of the workers for the entire period.

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Organophosphorus cmpd can produce dermal irritation but most are weak sensitizers. /Organophosphate cmpd/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THIOMETON (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Toxic to bees.

Groups of male rats were given 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively, all the animals showed mild to severe illness interpreted as poisoning; all died, except four receiving 5 mg/kg/day and a single rat receiving 10 mg/kg/day. The survivors recovered after 10 wk while still receiving thiometon; when they were killed after 13 wk, histological study failed to reveal specific pathology.

Rabbits injected intraperitoneally with a Polish sample of thiometon at a rate of 100 mg/kg developed toxic lesions and proliferation of fibroblasts in the myocardium and endocardium within 24 hr. In addition to hyperemia, the myocardium showed foci of inflammatory, fatty, degenerative and necrotic changes.

Beagle dogs treated with thiometon at rates ranging from about 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg/day for 2 yr developed histological changes in the optic nerve and a calf showed changes in a peripheral sensory nerve. Changes in motor nerves were very slight and functional change apparently was absent.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THIOMETON (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... /Thiometon/ has been mentioned as one /cmpd/ capable of changing intraocular pressure and therefore to be avoided by agricultural workers with glaucoma, with only one eye, or with a wide range of other ophthalmological difficulties, including conjunctivitis and color blindness.

Work ... must not be carried out by young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health; the same applies to alcoholics. Contraindications for work with organophosphorus pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). /Organophosphorus pesticides/

LC50 Carp 13.2 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 4.7 mg/l/24 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.7 mg/l/48 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.2 mg/l/96 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Saccobranchus fossilis 11.0 mg/l/96 hr in a static bioassay

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

LC50 Carp 13.2 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 4.7 mg/l/24 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.7 mg/l/48 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.2 mg/l/96 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Saccobranchus fossilis 11.0 mg/l/96 hr in a static bioassay

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Thiometon is released directly to the environment during its use as a systemic insecticide for the control of aphids, woolly aphids, suckers, sawfly larvae, thrips, and mites. If released to the atmosphere, thiometon will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere, based on a measured vapor pressure of 1.7X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C. Vapor-phase thiometon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 4 hours. Particulate-phase thiometon may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. An estimated Koc of 240 suggests that thiometon will have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be significant because of this compound's low vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant. Based on limited data, thiometon is expected to biodegrade in both soil and water. Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C; sterile water samples did not degrade this compound. In soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon primarily resulted in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones. This compound is expected to hydrolyze in both soil and water; rate constants for the neutral hydrolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of thiometon were 1.1X10-7 /sec and 6.6X10-3 /M-sec at 20 °C, respectively. Thiometon is not expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter in water. It is not expected to directly photodegrade in water; however, it may react with singlet oxygen in water with an estimated half-life of 1000 days for a winter day and 100 days for a summer day. Thiometon is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected based on an estimated BCF value of 30. The general population may be exposed to thiometon through the ingestion of contaminated fruit. (SRC)

Thiometon is released directly to the environment during its use as a systemic insecticide for the control of aphids, woolly aphids, suckers, sawfly larvae, thrips, and mites(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that thiometon will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to biodegrade in soil(SRC). Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C; sterile water samples did not degrade this compound(4). From soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon will primarily result in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones(5). Thiometon may also hydrolyze, particularly in alkaline soils, based on studies in water(4) giving rate constants for neutral and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1.1X10-7 /sec and 6.6X10-3 /sec, respectively(4) for this compound. Volatilization of thiometon is not expected to be significant from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(6). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 1.7X10-5 mm Hg(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that thiometon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to biodegrade in water(SRC). Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C; sterile water samples did not degrade this compound(4). From soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon will primarily result in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones(5). Thiometon is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from experimental values of water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(5). This compound is expected to hydrolyze; rate constants for the neutral hydrolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of thiometon were 1.1X10-7 /sec and 6.6X10-3 /M-sec at 20 °C, respectively(3). Thiometon is not expected to directly photodegrade; however, it may react with singlet oxygen in water with an estimated half-life of 1000 days for a winter day and 100 days for a summer day(4). An estimated BCF value of 30(1,SRC), from a measured water solubility(2), suggests that thiometon will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), thiometon, which has a measured vapor pressure of 1.7X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase thiometon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase thiometon may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

From soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon will primarily result in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones(1). Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C(2); thiometon in autoclaved Rhine River water was not degraded over the same period of time(2). Assuming a water temperature of 10 °C and a concentration of 100 ug/l thiometon a half-life of 29 days was calculated for this compound in river water(2).

Fire or explosion: Highly flammable: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances labeled "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Propyl formates/

Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Propyl formates/

Public safety: Call Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 50 to lOO meters (160 to 330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Propyl formates/

Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Propyl formates/

For more Environmental Abiotic Degradation (Complete) data for THIOMETON (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF value of 30 was calculated for thiometon(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 200 mg/l(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not occur(SRC).

The Koc of thiometon is estimated as approximately 240(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 200 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that thiometon has moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Rf values for thiometon in a silt loam soil at pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10 were 0.89, 0.87, and 0.23, respectively; Rf values in a sandy loam soil under the same pH conditions were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively(4). A silt loam soil with organic matter added and one without added organic matter had Rf values of 0.87 and 0.77, respectively; a sandy loam soil with organic matter added and one without had Rf values of 0.88 and 0.91, respectively(5).

The Henry's Law constant for thiometon is estimated as 2.8X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 1.7X10-5 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 200 mg/l(2). This value indicates that thiometon will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3,SRC). Thiometon's values for vapor pressure(1) and Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should not be significant(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: Thiometon was detected in 28% of water samples collected from the Tadzhik SSR region, Russia(1). In 1986 an accident resulted in the release of 1200-3900 kg thiometon to the Rhine River at Schweizerhalle, Switzerland; a concentration of 500 ug/l was measured at Village-Neuf on the Rhine River, 173 km downstream from the original site(2). A concentration of 12 ug/l thiometon was measured in the Rhine River at Karlsruhe, The Netherlands, in 1989 from accidental spills(3).

A chemical storehouse fire resulted in the discharge of 1200-3900 kg of thiometon into the Rhine River; its presence in river sediment was not caused by sorption. This compound was present in the form of dense, immiscible globules(1).

Thiometon was detected in fresh citrus fruits, pitted and seedy fruits, and vegetables from the Region of Murcia, Spain in 1989(1). The calculated daily ingestion of thiometon was 65.3, 11.1, and 0 ng/person, respectively(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The pure thiometon is unstable. It is hydrolyzed in aqueous soln. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for THIOMETON (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for THIOMETON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 21-25; S: (1/2)-36/37-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III