Fluoroacetamide

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (98.6%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 69 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 minutes of exposure but may be delayed as long as 20 hours. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Fluoroacetamide Exposure: Signs and symptoms may be extremely severe and range from nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea to convulsions, coma, and heart failure. Other symptoms include hyperactivity, respiratory depression or arrest, cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes), and ventricular fibrillation.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to fluoroacetamide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to fluoroacetamide.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. RUSH to a health care facility.

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to fluoroacetamide.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. RUSH to a health care facility.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. RUSH to a health care facility.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of fluoroacetamide is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

5.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of fluoroacetamide may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

5.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. (EPA, 1998)

This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P057, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Use restricted to sewers, locked warehouses, & other areas to which the public have no access.

Caution : Fluoroacetamide is extremely toxic. There is no known antidote. Immediately transport victims to a health care facility. Highly toxic fumes of fluorine-containing compounds and nitrogen oxides will be emitted when fluoroacetamide is heated to decomposition. Avoid sources of extreme heat including fire.

(Non-Specific -- Sodium Fluoroacetate) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Large spills: dike spill for later disposal. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. (EPA, 1998)

Separated from acids.

STORE IN CLOSED CONTAINERS IN CLOSED AREA.

0.53 [mg/m3]

5.8 [mg/m3]

24 [mg/m3]

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system. This may result in cardiac dysrhythmia and death. The effects may be delayed.

Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

NO contact with acids. NO contact with hot surfaces.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Avoid inhalation of dust. Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Fluoroacetamide is a colorless crystalline powder. Used as a rodenticide. Highly toxic.

Colorless or white solid; [HSDB] Fine faintly brown crystals; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALLINE POWDER.

Colorless crystalline powder

White...solid

Sublimes on heating (EPA, 1998)

Sublimes

250 °C @760 [mm Hg]

225 to 228 °F (EPA, 1998)

Freely sol in water, sol in acetone; sparingly sol in chloroform

Moderately sol in ethanol; sparingly sol in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

Solubility in water: very good

0.99 [mmHg]

0.001 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= -1.05

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen flouride/ and /nitrogen oxides/.

Sublimes on heating

Schoenflies notation

Chemical bond

Crystal structure

Electric dipole moment

Formula unit

Internuclear distance

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Point group

Rotational excitation cross section

Space group

Unit cell

Unit cell parameter

Vibrational mode frequency

Rodenticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Rodenticides

Very soluble in water [Farm Chemicals]

Amides and Imides

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

FLUOROACETAMIDE is a fluorinated amide. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Fluoroacetate produces its toxin action by inhibiting the citric acid cycle. The fluorine substituted acetate becomes incorporated, as a normal acetate, into fluoroacetyl coenzyme A, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate. Fluorocitrate inhibits the enzyme aconitase and thereby inhibits the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. As a result there is an accumulation of large quantities of citrate in the tissue, and the cycle is blocked. The heart and CNS are the most critical tissues involved in poisoning by general inhibition of oxydative energy metabolism (A640).

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine levels may occur. Tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole may occur (T36).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L1160) ; oral (L1160) ; dermal (L1160) ; eye contact (L1160).

Convulsions. Nausea. Vomiting.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Pupillary constriction. Muscle cramps. Excessive salivation.

Nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, numbness, a tingling sensation, and apprehension are seen initially, and may last for up to 6 hours. Numbness and tingling of the face, excessive salivation, blurred vision, peripheral paresthesias, convulsions, and coma followed inhalation and dermal contact with fluoroacetate (T36).

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

LC50 (mice) = 550 mg/m3

LD50: 4-15 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A640)

LD50: 80 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 4 to 15 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 85 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 30.62 mg/kg /FROM TABLE/

LD50 Rabbit oral 1.5-2.0 mg/kg /from table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for FLUOROACETAMIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Consider gastric lavage after ingestion, and/or administer charcoal as a slurry. In case of refractory seizures after following ingestion, consider continuous infusion of midazolam, propofol, and/or pentobarbital. Hyperthermia, lactic acidosis and muscle destruction may necessitate use of neuromuscular blocking agents with continuous EEG monitoring. If the exposure occurred through inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. In case of dermal exposure, Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. (T36)

TOXIC EFFECTS OF SUCROSE-CONTAINING SODIUM FLUOROSILICATE FED TO HOUSEFLIES IS DELAYED WHEN DIFLUBENZURON IS ADDED. A SIMILAR, THOUGH LESS PRONOUNCED, EFFECT IS EXERTED BY DFB IN FLUOROACETAMIDE TOXICITY.

REMOVAL OF THE MATERIAL FROM GI TRACT & SUPPORTIVE THERAPY ARE ONLY MEASURES THAT MIGHT BE BENEFICIAL IN CASES OF INGESTION OF SUBLETHAL DOSES IN ANIMALS.

EXPTL THERAPY (VET): THE ANTIDOTAL EFFECT OF ACETAMIDE WAS STUDIED IN CHICKENS. ADMIN ORALLY AT DOSE RATES OF 0.5 & 2.5 G/KG, ONLY AT HIGHER DOSAGE RATE DID ACETAMIDE PREVENT LETHAL ACTION OF FLUOROACETAMIDE (10 MG/KG) WHEN GIVEN 1 HR BEFORE, AT THE SAME TIME OR 10 OR 20 MIN AFTER ADMIN OF FLUOROACETAMIDE.

1. IF THIS SUBSTANCE HAS BEEN INGESTED, EMPTY THE STOMACH IMMEDIATELY BY INTUBATION, ASPIRATION, & LAVAGE, USING 5% SODIUM BICARBONATE. BEFORE WITHDRAWING THE LAVAGE TUBE, INSTILL A SLURRY OF 30-50 G ACTIVATED CHARCOAL /SRP: IN CHILDREN, 60-100 G IN ADULTS/. 2. MONITOR CARDIAC RHYTHM BY CONTINUOUS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY. 3. MONOACETIN (GLYCERYL MONOACETATE) HAS ANTIDOTAL PROPERTIES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. THE LIBERATED ACETATE COMPETES SUCCESSFULLY WITH FLUOROCITRATE IN THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO STERILE PHARMACEUTICAL PREPN OF THIS CMPD: HIGH-QUALITY, FRESH LAB GRADE MATERIAL MUST BE USED. A. IF VICTIM IS FULLY CONSCIOUS & NOT CONVULSING, ADMIN 100 ML OF MONOACETIN IN 500 ML OF WATER, BY MOUTH. REPEAT IN 1 HR. B. IF VICTIM IS OBTUNDED, UNCONSCIOUS, OR CONVULSING, GIVE 0.1-0.5 ML/KG OF UNDILUTED MONOACETIN BY DEEP IM INJECTION EVERY HALF HR FOR 4-6 HR, ROTATING THE INJECTION SITES TO MINIMIZE PAIN & SWELLING. MONOACETIN CAN ALSO BE GIVEN IV ON THE SAME SCHEDULE, USING A 1:5 DILUTION IN STERILE ISOTONIC SALINE. /SODIUM FLUOROACETATE/

4. CONTROL CONVULSIONS A. ADMIN 100% OXYGEN BY POSITIVE PRESSURE TO PROVIDE AS MUCH PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE AS POSSIBLE, DESPITE SEIZURES. B. ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS ... (A) DIAZEPAM (VALIUM) USUALLY CONTROLS MILD CONVULSIONS. FOR ADULTS, GIVE 5-10 MG, SLOWLY, IV; FOR CHILDREN UNDER 6 YR OR 23 KG BODY WT, GIVE 0.1 MG/KG BODY WT, SLOWLY, IV. REPEAT IN 4-6 HR IF NECESSARY. (B) PENTOBARBITAL MAY BE NEEDED IN ADDN TO CONTROL SEVERE CONVULSIONS. DOSAGE: 5 MG/KG BODY WT, OR 0.20 ML/KG BODY WT, USING THE USUAL 2.5% SOLN. IF POSSIBLE, INJECT SOLN IV, AT A RATE NOT EXCEEDING 25 MG (1 ML) PER MIN UNTIL CONVULSIONS ARE CONTROLLED. IF IV ADMIN IS NOT POSSIBLE, GIVE TOTAL DOSE BY DEEP IM INJECTION, NOT EXCEEDING 5 MG/KG BODY WT (0.20 ML/KG OF 2.5% SOLN). /SODIUM FLUOROACETATE/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FLUOROACETAMIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

At about 1130 hr, an 18-month old girl removed a 120 ml bottle of 1% fluoroacetamide form a low drawer in the family kitchen & drank some of the contents. On the advice of a pharmacist, the child was given olive oil, the white of an egg, & milk at about noon & was made slightly sick. The child remained lively & played in the garden until her usual bedtime, 1830 hr. At about 2330 hr that evening the child vomited but was put back to bed when she appeared all right. Apparently the child was not checked until 1030 hr next morning, when she was found in a semiconscious state. On a physician's orders, she was taken to hospital, but convulsions occurred on the way & the patient arrived about 1130 hr in a shocked state. The child was given about 10 ml acetamide in water once, 3.7 ml of brandy in water each hour, & symptomatic treatment. She continued to have occasional convulsions & remained unconscious until she died almost 96 hr after ingesting the poison. Both the heart & kidney contained 6.3 mg of organic fluoride/g of dry tissue; the citrate content (108 ppm in heart & 23.9 in kidney) was not considered significantly high. From the evidence available, it was estimated that the baby had consumed about 300 mg of fluoroacetamide or 23 mg/kg.

... APPARENT SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN QUALITY OF SYMPTOMS THAT LEAD TO DEATH. DOGS DIE OF CONVULSIONS OR RESP PARALYSIS, BUT IN ... MONKEYS, HORSES, & RABBITS CNS ACTIONS ARE USUALLY INCIDENTAL, & DANGEROUS FATAL COMPLICATION IS VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION.

... FLUOROACETAMIDE ... /IS/ HIGHLY TOXIC SUBSTANCE ... TO MOST ANIMAL SPECIES, EXCEPT FROGS & TOADS.

CATS & DOGS WERE VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DIRECT POISONING WITH FLUOROACETAMIDE WHILE BARN OWLS (TYTO ALBA), BUZZARDS (BUTEO BUTEO) & BLACK KITES (MILVUS MIGRANS) WERE RESISTANT. IN SECONDARY POISONING EXPT, 2 PALESTINE VIPERS (VIPERA PALESTINAE), A SYRIAN BLACK SNAKE (COLUBER JUGULARIS) & 2 MONTPELLIER SNAKES (MALPOLON MONSPESSULANUS) WERE RESISTANT. A MONGOOSE (HERPESTES ICHNEUMON) & A HYENA (HYAENA HYAENA) WERE SUSCEPTIBLE TO POISONING. APPARENTLY FLUOROACETAMIDE CONSTITUTES HEALTH HAZARD TO CARNIVORES SUCH AS DOGS, CATS & MONGOOSES BUT WOULD NOT AFFECT BIRDS OF PREY.

ANIMALS ACUTELY POISONED BY ... /FLUOROACETAMIDE/ SHOW LISTLESSNESS, IRRITABILITY, CLONIC CONVULSIONS, ABASIA, PILOERECTION, & IRREGULAR RESPIRATION. ONE CHARACTERISTIC USUALLY OBSERVED IN ANIMALS DYING FROM ACUTE POISONING WITH FLUOROACETAMIDE AS WELL AS WITH SODIUM FLUOROACETATE IS POSTMORTEM RIGIDITY. DEATH GENERALLY OCCURS IN COMA AFTER CONVULSIONS HAVE STOPPED. SUBACUTELY POISONED ANIMALS SHOW ANOREXIA, EMACIATION, ALOPECIA, & ABSCESS FORMATION.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FLUOROACETAMIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Fluoroacetamide's production and former use as an insecticide and rodenticide may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates fluoroacetamide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase fluoroacetamide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.8 days. If released to soil, fluoroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 6.4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Fluoroacetamide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, fluoroacetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. It has been suggested that fluoroacetamide should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved; field studies in soil show loss of toxicity in 3 to 11 weeks at 10 and 50 ppm, respectively. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The neutral hydrolysis half-life is 2.4 yr at pH 7 which indicates that hydrolysis is slow. Occupational exposure to fluoroacetamide may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where fluoroacetamide was produced or used. (SRC)

Fluoroacetamide's production and former use as an insecticide and rodenticide(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Fluoroacetamide effluents from a manufacturing facility in Great Britain were reportedly responsible for the poisoning of farm animals(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 6.4(2), indicates that fluoroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of fluoroacetamide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of fluoroacetamide from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). The persistence of fluoroacetamide was studied in garden soil by determining its toxicity to aphids(5); at a concn of 50 ppm, toxicity had ceased after 11 weeks of incubation; at a conc of 10 ppm, toxicity lasted only 3 weeks; in a control soil that had been steam sterilized, toxicity was still evident at both concns after 17 weeks suggesting that the degradation was microbial in nature(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 6.4(2), indicates that fluoroacetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The neutral hydrolysis rate constant for fluoroacetamide at 25 °C was experimentally determined to be 3.3X10-5/hr which corresponds to an aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 2.4 yr at pH 7(8). This indicates that hydrolysis is slow(SRC). It has been suggested that fluoroacetamide should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fluoroacetamide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase fluoroacetamide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

Fluoroacetamide is reported to be a chemical that should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved(1). The persistence of fluoroacetamide was studied in garden soil by determining its toxicity to aphids(2). At a concn of 50 ppm, toxicity had ceased after 11 weeks of incubation and at a conc of 10 ppm, toxicity lasted only 3 weeks(2). In a control soil that had been steam sterilized, toxicity was still evident at both concs after 17 weeks suggesting that the degradation was microbial in nature(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of fluoroacetamide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The neutral hydrolysis rate constant for fluoroacetamide at 25 °C was experimentally determined to be 3.3X10-5/hr which corresponds to an aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 2.4 yr at pH 7(2). This indicates that hydrolysis is slow(SRC). Fluoroacetamide is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for fluoroacetamide(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.05(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Fluoroacetamide's production and former use as an insecticide and rodenticide may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates fluoroacetamide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase fluoroacetamide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.8 days. If released to soil, fluoroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 6.4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Fluoroacetamide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, fluoroacetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. It has been suggested that fluoroacetamide should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved; field studies in soil show loss of toxicity in 3 to 11 weeks at 10 and 50 ppm, respectively. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The neutral hydrolysis half-life is 2.4 yr at pH 7 which indicates that hydrolysis is slow. Occupational exposure to fluoroacetamide may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where fluoroacetamide was produced or used. (SRC)

Fluoroacetamide's production and former use as an insecticide and rodenticide(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Fluoroacetamide effluents from a manufacturing facility in Great Britain were reportedly responsible for the poisoning of farm animals(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 6.4(2), indicates that fluoroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of fluoroacetamide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of fluoroacetamide from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). The persistence of fluoroacetamide was studied in garden soil by determining its toxicity to aphids(5); at a concn of 50 ppm, toxicity had ceased after 11 weeks of incubation; at a conc of 10 ppm, toxicity lasted only 3 weeks; in a control soil that had been steam sterilized, toxicity was still evident at both concns after 17 weeks suggesting that the degradation was microbial in nature(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 6.4(2), indicates that fluoroacetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The neutral hydrolysis rate constant for fluoroacetamide at 25 °C was experimentally determined to be 3.3X10-5/hr which corresponds to an aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 2.4 yr at pH 7(8). This indicates that hydrolysis is slow(SRC). It has been suggested that fluoroacetamide should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fluoroacetamide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase fluoroacetamide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

Fluoroacetamide is reported to be a chemical that should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization can be achieved(1). The persistence of fluoroacetamide was studied in garden soil by determining its toxicity to aphids(2). At a concn of 50 ppm, toxicity had ceased after 11 weeks of incubation and at a conc of 10 ppm, toxicity lasted only 3 weeks(2). In a control soil that had been steam sterilized, toxicity was still evident at both concs after 17 weeks suggesting that the degradation was microbial in nature(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of fluoroacetamide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The neutral hydrolysis rate constant for fluoroacetamide at 25 °C was experimentally determined to be 3.3X10-5/hr which corresponds to an aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 2.4 yr at pH 7(2). This indicates that hydrolysis is slow(SRC). Fluoroacetamide is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for fluoroacetamide(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.05(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of fluoroacetamide is 6.4(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that fluoroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for fluoroacetamide is estimated as 2.23X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that fluoroacetamide is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). The potential for volatilization of fluoroacetamide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.99 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to fluoroacetamide may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where fluoroacetamide was produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P057, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous, NOS; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for FLUOROACETAMIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3021; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, nos, flash point less than 23 °C.

UN 2902; Pesticide, liquid, toxic, nos.

UN 2903; Pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, nos, flash point between 23 °C and 61 °C.

UN 2588; Pesticide, solid, toxic, nos.

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for FLUOROACETAMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Symbol: T+; R: 24-28; S: (1/2)-36/37-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II