1,3-dioxolane

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (39.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H360 (20.4%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 599 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, and P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemial or carbon dioxide. /Dioxolane/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid. /Dioxolane/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Dioxolane/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

50.0 [ppm]

300 [mg/m3]

500 [mg/m3]

3000 [mg/m3]

20.0 [ppm]

20 ppm [1997]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Dioxolane appears as a clear colorless liquid. Slightly denser than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a mild, ethereal odor; [ACGIH]

Colorless liquid.

Water-white liquid

78 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-97.2 °C

35 °F (2 °C) (Open cup)

Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone

Miscible in water

1.0600 at 20 °C/4 °C

A cyclic acetal; bulk density (wt/gal): 8.2 lb at 20 °C

1.066 @ 20°C

2.6 (Air= 1)

79.0 [mmHg]

79 mm Hg at 20 °C

79 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = -0.37

Henry's Law constant = 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Index of refraction: 1.3974 at 20 °C/D

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Dielectric constant

Electric dipole moment

Excess enthalpy

Excess volume

Fusion temperature

Heat of solution

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Lineshape

Melting temperature

Mixing enthalpy

Molecular structure

Optical coefficient

Phase diagram

Phase equilibrium

Phase transition

Highly flammable. When exposed to air it undergoes autooxidation with formation of peroxides. In the distillation process peroxides will concentrate causing violent explosion. Soluble in water.

Acetals, Ketals, Hemiacetals, and Hemiketals

Highly Flammable

Peroxidizable Compound

Ethers, such as DIOXOLANE, can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert.

Potentially expolsive reaction with lithium perchlorate.

Lithium perchlorate-dioxolane electrolyte systems are unsafe for secondary battery applications, as an explosion occurred during overnight cyclic testing of a Li/TiS2 system. The effect was duplicated under all over-discharge or cell-reversal conditions.

... Can react with oxidizing materials.

1,3-Dioxolane

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

LC50 (rat) = 20,650 mg/m3/4H

LD50 Rat inhalation 20650 mg/cu m/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 68.4 mg/L/4 hr

LC50 Rat (male) inhalation 87 mg/L/4 hr

LC50 Guinea pig inhalation 166 mg/L/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,3-DIOXOLANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Dioxolane rated 8 on rabbit eyes /on a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the most severe./[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 1032]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... The DL50 and CL50 values for 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane come to 8.5 g/kg m.c. and 5.8 g/kg m.c. respectively, and CL50 greater than 26000 mg/m3 and 87000 mg/m3 of air. Only 1,3-dioxolane may be absorbed through intact skin. ... The compounds exhibit irritating effects upon the eyeball and eye protective apparatus. Only 1,3-dioxolane induces skin irritation under repeated exposure.[Czajkowska T et al; Med pr 38 (3): 184-90 (1987)]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute inhalation studies revealed that the 4-hour acute LC50 is 68.4 mg/L in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nominal exposure concentrations ... were 201.9, 88.4, 67.9, 60.6 and 37.9 ... mg/L. Respiratory and neuromuscular abnormalities were the immediate responses to the test material during the exposure and during the four hour-post-exposure observation periods. Severity and incidences of these findings followed a concentration-related pattern. During the 14-day post-exposure observation period, all survivors appeared to recover by day 4. Most surviving animals appeared to regain pre-exposure body weights by Day 7 and showed normal weight gain patterns during the second week. Necropsy findings revealed high incidences of lung and liver discoloration as well as bladders distended with fluid and gastrointestinal tracts distended with gas in animals dying prior to scheduled sacrifice. The frequency of these findings appeared to be concentration related.[EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for 1,3-Dioxolane (November 2000). Available from, as of September 06, 2006: http://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... 5 albino rats (Sprague-Dawley CD)/sex/group /was admin by/ oral gavage /at/ 2500, 3500, 5000, 7100, 10000 mg/kg. LD50 /was/ 5.2 g/kg with 95% confidence limits of 4.3 to 6.1 g/kg. Mortality /for/ males /at each/ dose level /was/ 0, 2, 1, 5, 5 /and for/ females 0, 0, 2, 5, 5. Clinical signs /at/ 2500 mg/kg /were/ ataxia (1 female from 2 to 4 hours after dosing), respiratory rate decrease (3 animals, 2 to 4 hours) /and/ motor activity decrease (all animals 1 to 4 hours); /at/ 3500 mg/kg /were/ ataxia (2 females 2 or 4 hours after dosing), fine tremors (1 male, 4-hours after dosing only), respiratory rate decrease (5 animals, 2 to 4 hours), motor activity decrease (9/10 animals starting at 1 hour, decreasing to 2 animals at 24 hours), piloerection (3 animals, 2 hours to day-2), /and/ prostration (3 animals, from 2 to 4 hours); /at/ 5000 mg/kg /were/ ataxia (1 male, only at 2 to 4 hours after dosing), fine tremors (1 female 1 to 4 hours after dosing), respiratory rate decrease (5 animals, 2 to 4 hours), motor activity decrease (9 animals starting at 1 hour, decreasing to 4 animals at 24 hours), prostration (5 animals total, various times from 1 to 24 hours), /and/ hypothermia (2 animals at 4 or 24 hours after dosing); /at/ 7100 mg/kg /were/ respiratory rate decrease (8 animals total, various 1 to 24 hours after dosing), motor activity decrease (1 animal 1 to 2 hours after dosing), prostration (8 animals total, various times from 1 to 24 hours), /and/ hypothermia (4 animals at 4 or 24 hours after dosing); /at/ 10000 mg/kg /were/ respiratory rate decrease (6 animals total, various 1 to 4 hours after dosing), labored breathing (2 animals at 1 hour after dosing only), prostration (9 animals total, various times from 1 to 4 hours), /and/ hypothermia (1 animal at 2 hours after dosing).[EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for 1,3-Dioxolane (November 2000). Available from, as of September 06, 2006: http://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,3-DIOXOLANE (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The ability of trimethyl phosphite to induce morphological transformation in the C3H/10T 1/2 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay) was evaluated. Based on preliminary toxicity tests (exposure time=18 hrs), trimethyl phosphite in acetone was tested at concentrations of 0, 128, 256, 512, 1024 and 2048 ul/ml, with cell survival ranging from 71.6% to 40.9&% at 128 and 1024 ul/ml, respectively. Trimethyl phosphite did not induce transformation at any of the concentrations tested in this study.

In a one-generation reproduction study, male Charles River rats (5/group) were orally exposed to 1,3-dioxolane in their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 0.5 or 1.0% for 90 days prior to mating with previously untreated females (10/group, 2/male). Treatment continued through the mating period. Dams and pups were examined with respect to survival and body weight through postpartum day (PD) 21 and the animals were retained for further experimentation. Significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: decreased maternal body weights (high-dose group on PD 1 and 4, male weights not reported), decreased rates of coupling and parturition, and increased number of stillborn pups, (both treatment levels), decreased survival of pups (both treatment groups, zero 24-hour survival rate for high-dose group pups), and decreased numbers of pups (high-dose group). No significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: parental mortality, fecundity or female fertility indices, gross external abnormalities, and pup body weights.

In a one-generation reproduction study, male Charles River rats (5/control and 0.5% groups, 4/1.0% group) were orally exposed to 1,3-dioxolane in their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 0.5 or 1.0% for 90 days prior to mating with previously untreated females (10/control and 0.5% groups, 8/1.0% group, all groups 2 females/male). Treatment continued through the mating period for both sexes, and for the dams also through gestation, lactation and the 10-day rest period after weaning of the F1a pups and before the second mating with untreated, proven males. There were no treatments during the remainder of these tests. Dams and F1b pups were examined with respect to survival and body weight through postpartum day 21, the F1b pups were retained for further testing, and the dams were sacrificed and subjected to histopathological examination. Significant differences observed between treated and control animals in the following: decreased fecundity index, incidence of parturition, and female fertility index (both treatment levels), and decreased pup survival (low-dose group at days 12 and 21, high-dose group at day 21). No significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: parental mortality, male fertility index, number of pups born, stillborn, cannibalized, or viable pups (at birth or on lactation days 1, 4, 12 and 21), maternal or pup body weights, gross maternal pathologic examination, weights maternal organs (adrenals, both gonads, liver, pituitary, and uterus), and maternal histopathologic examination.

In a one-generation reproduction study, male Charles River rats (5/group) were orally exposed to dioxolane (1,3-dioxolane) in their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.03 or 0.10% for 90 days prior to mating with previously untreated females (10/group, 2 females/male). Treatment continued through mating, gestation and lactation. Dams and pups were examined with respect to survival and body weight through postpartum day (PD) 21 and the animals were retained for further experimentation. A significant difference was observed between treated and control animals in decreased male pup body weight (low-dose group on lactation day 21). No significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: maternal mortality, mating and fertility indices, male and female fertility, incidence of parturition, gross abnormalities in pups, number of pups delivered stillborn or viable, or cannibalized (lactation days 1, 4, 12 or 21), survival indices, female pup body weight, and female parental body weight.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for 1,3-DIOXOLANE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 7650000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 6955000 to 8415000 ug/L) for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 6950000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 6203000 to 7787000 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow); Conditions: saltwater; static; Concentration: 12000000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 9871000 to 14588000 ug/L) for 48 hr /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow); Conditions: saltwater; static; Concentration: 10000000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 8294000 to 12057000 ug/L) for 96 hr /formulated product/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Dioxolane was tested for growth inhibition of / the green algae/ Selenastrum capricornutum ... Algae growth was measured out to 14 days past initial exposure at levels of 1000, 5000 or 10,000 mg/L with counts recorded on day 3 and later. Significant inhibition was seen only at 5000 mg/L and above ... 1000 mg/L was determined to be the NOEC.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegates, five per group) were exposed to dioxolane at concentrations of 7500, 11,000, 13,000, 15,000 and 25,000 mg/L ... the 48-hr LC50 was reported to be 12,000 mg/L and ... the 96-hour LC50 was reported to be 10,000 mg/L. A clear dose-response was established with a 24-hour mortality of 5/5 at 25,000 mg/L.

1,3-Dioxolane's production and use as a low-boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes and cellulose derivatives may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates 1,3-dioxolane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dioxolane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours. If released to soil, 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 15. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Dioxolane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1,3-dioxolane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 33 hours and 13 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1,3-dioxolane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dioxolane is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Dioxolane's production and use as a low-boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes and cellulose derivatives(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dioxolane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1,3-Dioxolane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 33 hours and 13 days, respectively(SRC). The aquatic oxidation rate for the reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.0X10+9 L/mol-s (pH not stated)(5). Based on this rate and a hydroxyl radical concn of 1X10-17 mol/L in water under continuous sunlight(6), the half-life for the aquatic oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane can be estimated to be 200 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dioxolane, which has a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dioxolane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.04X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.04X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The aquatic oxidation rate for the reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.0X10+9 L/mol-s (pH not stated)(3). Based on this rate and a hydroxyl radical concn of 1X10-17 mol/L in water under continuous sunlight(4), the half-life for the aquatic oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane can be estimated to be 200 days(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1,3-dioxolane(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1,3-dioxolane is estimated as 15(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-dioxolane is 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 33 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 13 days(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Dioxolane was qualitatively detected in 4 samples of final effluents taken from 3 publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and 1 oil refinery in Lockport (oil refinery), Roselle, Danville, and Decatur, Illinois(1).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 7650000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 6955000 to 8415000 ug/L) for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 6950000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 6203000 to 7787000 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow); Conditions: saltwater; static; Concentration: 12000000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 9871000 to 14588000 ug/L) for 48 hr /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow); Conditions: saltwater; static; Concentration: 10000000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 8294000 to 12057000 ug/L) for 96 hr /formulated product/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Dioxolane was tested for growth inhibition of / the green algae/ Selenastrum capricornutum ... Algae growth was measured out to 14 days past initial exposure at levels of 1000, 5000 or 10,000 mg/L with counts recorded on day 3 and later. Significant inhibition was seen only at 5000 mg/L and above ... 1000 mg/L was determined to be the NOEC.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegates, five per group) were exposed to dioxolane at concentrations of 7500, 11,000, 13,000, 15,000 and 25,000 mg/L ... the 48-hr LC50 was reported to be 12,000 mg/L and ... the 96-hour LC50 was reported to be 10,000 mg/L. A clear dose-response was established with a 24-hour mortality of 5/5 at 25,000 mg/L.

1,3-Dioxolane's production and use as a low-boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes and cellulose derivatives may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates 1,3-dioxolane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dioxolane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours. If released to soil, 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 15. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Dioxolane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1,3-dioxolane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 33 hours and 13 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1,3-dioxolane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dioxolane is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Dioxolane's production and use as a low-boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes and cellulose derivatives(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dioxolane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1,3-Dioxolane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 33 hours and 13 days, respectively(SRC). The aquatic oxidation rate for the reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.0X10+9 L/mol-s (pH not stated)(5). Based on this rate and a hydroxyl radical concn of 1X10-17 mol/L in water under continuous sunlight(6), the half-life for the aquatic oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane can be estimated to be 200 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dioxolane, which has a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dioxolane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.04X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.04X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The aquatic oxidation rate for the reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.0X10+9 L/mol-s (pH not stated)(3). Based on this rate and a hydroxyl radical concn of 1X10-17 mol/L in water under continuous sunlight(4), the half-life for the aquatic oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane can be estimated to be 200 days(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1,3-dioxolane(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1,3-dioxolane is estimated as 15(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-dioxolane is 2.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-dioxolane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 33 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 13 days(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,3-Dioxolane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 79 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Dioxolane was qualitatively detected in 4 samples of final effluents taken from 3 publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and 1 oil refinery in Lockport (oil refinery), Roselle, Danville, and Decatur, Illinois(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 74,950 workers (747 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1,3-dioxolane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,3-dioxolane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dioxolane is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dioxolane/

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Dioxolane/

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dioxolane/

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dioxolane/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-DIOXOLANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1166; Dioxolane

IMO 3.2; Dioxolane

49 091 58; Dioxolane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid