nicotine sulfate

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 43 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Signs and Symptoms of Nicotine Sulfate Exposure: Acute exposure to nicotine sulfate may produce the following signs and symptoms: irritation of the nose, throat, eyes, and skin, nausea, salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cold sweat, headache, dizziness, disturbed hearing and vision, mental confusion, marked weakness, faintness and prostration, paralysis, lowered blood pressure, difficult breathing, and weak, rapid, and irregular pulse. Death may occur from respiratory depression or from shock.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to nicotine sulfate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to nicotine sulfate.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to nicotine sulfate.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 q (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Dike fire control water; do not scatter the material.

As for nicotine, extinguish with alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Large fires can be extinguished with water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Wear positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

If material is on fire or involved in a fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P075, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray the soln into a furnace with afterburner and scrubber. B) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in a furnace with effluent gas scrubbing. Recommendable method: Incineration.

Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material is not on fire and not involved in a fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material.

Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

To clean up, do not touch spilled material; stop leak if possible. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for disposal.

Small dry spill: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.5 [mg/m3]

9.0 [mg/m3]

9.9 [mg/m3]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m, skin. /Nicotine/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Nicotine/

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. This may result in central nervous system depression and respiratory depression. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxic effects upon human reproduction.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

If contact with the material is anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use local exhaust, ventilation and breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Nicotine sulfate, solid appears as a white solid. The sulfate salt of nicotine, an alkaloid obtained from tobacco. Toxic by ingestion or skin contact.

Nicotine sulfate, solution appears as an clear colorless aqueous solution. Toxic by inhalation and may be toxic by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

White crystalline solid

White crystals

Decomposes on heating

Soluble in water and alcohol

All salts are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether /Nicotine salts/

Solubility in water: soluble

1.15 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.15 AT 20 °C (SOLID)

Relative density (water = 1): 1.15

1.15 @ 20°C

0.00001 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Specific optical rotation: +88 deg at 20 °C/D (p = 70)

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/ and organic fumes.

Teratogens

Water soluble

Soluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Nicotine-An alkaloid produced from tobacco. The solid is combustible, highly toxic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 919].

NICOTINE SULFATE arises from the neutralization of nicotine with sulfuric acid. Emits very toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 919]. May react exothermically with strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Redness.

Burning sensation. Confusion. Nausea. Vomiting. Excessive salivation. Diarrhoea. Sweating. Dizziness. Convulsions. Drowsiness. Respiratory arrest.

LD50 Rabbit dermal 50 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit sc 20 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 285 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 8.55 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nicotine sulfate injected subcutaneously at 2.5 mg/kg depressed the motor activity of mice and lengthened their stay on the hot plate. Adiphenine hydrochloride at 25 mg/kg antagonized the nicotine sulfate action, while morphine hydrochloride at 20 mg/kg or chlorpromazine hydrochloride at 2.5 mg/kg enhanced it. In golden hamsters, large doses of nicotine sulfate 8-16 mg/kg sc produced an inconsistent taming, while the effect of chlorpromazine hydrochloride at 5 mg/kg was more pronounced. Nicotine sulfate rapidly potentiated the chlorpromazine HCl taming.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

Emergency and supportive measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat seizures, coma, hypotension, hypertension, and arrhythmias if they occur. observe for at least 4-6 hours to rule out delayed toxicity, especially after skin exposure. For ingestion of intact gum tablets or transdermal patches, observe for a longer period (up to 12-24 hours). /Nicotine/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patients with dermatitis caused by agricultural pesticides were tested at Saku General Hospital. Patch tests carried out on vegetable farmers from Nagano Prefecture revealed that 10-28% of the farmers were sensitive to nicotine sulfate.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptoms /of nicotine sulfate exposure/ include acute intoxication, skin injuries, and respiratory damage.

/CASE REPORTS/ ...Although rare, acute ingestions of large amounts of nicotine can produce rapid and dramatic toxicity. /Investigators/ present a case of an ingestion of a nicotine sulfate solution by a 15-year-old boy resulting in hypoxia and irreversible encephalopathy. The diagnosis of acute nicotine toxicity potentially could be delayed due to the fact that nicotine and cotinine are so commonly found on drug screens that they are considered "normal variants."

/CASE REPORTS/ A patient developed nicotine poisoning after cutaneous application of nicotine sulfate. Measurement of nicotine and metabolite levels in the blood demonstrated prolonged absorption of nicotine despite vigorous skin decontamination. This suggests that the skin may be a reservoir for slow release of nicotine into the circulation. Despite extraordinarily high levels of nicotine, the patient had full resolution of signs and symptoms of intoxication, indicating rapid and profound development of tolerance.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In December 2002, approximately 250 lbs. of ground beef was adulterated with nicotine sulfate by a supermarket employee and subsequently sold to the public. Soon afterward, reports of illness associated with ground beef purchased at a single store were identified. Authorities suspected the ground beef was tainted with Black Leaf 40, a banned pesticide containing approximately 40% nicotine as nicotine sulfate. ... Analysis revealed that the raw tainted beef contained about 350 mg/kg nicotine free base, a potentially lethal dose of nicotine per serving for an adult. Additionally, we found elevated sulfate levels in the samples that tested positive for nicotine, providing evidence that nicotine sulfate was the probable adulterant.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Nicotine sulfate is slightly less toxic /than nicotine/, lethal dose for 18-month-old lambs estimated as 0.2 to 0.3 g. ... Toxic dose for adult sheep is 0.7 to 1 g. ... /Investigators/ found that 1 g doses were needed to produce poisoning in bulls & heifers of from 1 yr to 18 mo of age.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ To investigate effects of systemic nicotine on mucus secretion from tracheal submucosal glands we anesthetized 13 ferrets (5 male, 8 female; average weight 1138 +/- 469 g, mean +/- SD) with pentobarbital (initial dose, 62 +/- 26, total dose, 90 +/- 26 mg/kg), cannulated the jugular vein for iv application of infusions and drugs and cannulated the femoral artery for determination of blood pressure, heart rate, blood cells, and blood gases. /Investigators/ opened the thorax, cannulated the trachea 1 cm above the carina and ventilated the lungs through the lower airways with a Harvard respirator. ... An electromagnetic flow probe /was placed/ around the ascending aorta for measurement of cardiac output. ... Transpulmonary pressure /was measured/ as tracheal pressure with a strain gauge transducer. /Investigators/ created an isolated segment of trachea between the larynx and the tracheal cannula. ... The segment /was perfused/ with medium M-199 containing 30 uCi/mL Na(2)35SO4 (35S) and /was/ injected /with/ 100 uCi 35S intravenously. After 90 min ... the radioactive solution /was drained/ from the luminal side and replaced it with nonradioactive medium which /was/ collected at 5-min intervals for determination of nondialyzable radioactivity. At 25 min nicotine sulfate (5 x 10(-7)-10(-5) M/kg) /was injected/ and /investigators/ continued to collect the perfusate every 5 min. Systemic nicotine had profound effects on circulatory and ventilatory variables and on gland secretion. Initial hypertension was followed by bradycardia and a fall in blood pressure and cardiac output.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Rats were given daily injections of nicotine sulfate in doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg. The behavioral effect of these injections was measured as locomotor activity in photocell cages. Repeated administration of the same dose to each rat resulted in an enhancement of the stimulant effect of nicotine. This enhanced behavioral effect was quite pronounced within 5 days of repeated injection. Tissue from the cerebral cortex of these rats, exposed to nicotine for 5 days, was assayed for binding of [3H]acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors. These relatively small doses of nicotine resulted in 18-26% increases in cortical nicotinic receptors, compared to saline-treated rats. Rats exposed to 0.2 mg/kg of nicotine for 5 days and then given saline for 7 days still showed an enhanced behavioral response to nicotine on the eighth day after exposure, and nicotinic binding in the cortex was still elevated. However, 21 days after exposure to nicotine both the behavioral response to nicotine and the binding values had returned to the same values as those of saline-treated rats. These data imply that increased binding of [3H]acetylcholine to nicotinic sites and the enhanced behavioral effect of nicotine are functionally linked.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Chronic inhalation of aerosol at 0.33 mg/cu m for 4 months prevented development of conditioned reflex to sound with food reinforcement. In rats and rabbits the threshold concn was 0.2 mg/cu m for chronic inhalation of nicotine sulfate.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Anas platyrhychos (Mallard, female, 4 months old) oral 587 mg/kg (95% Confidence limits: 397-869 mg/kg)

LD50 Phasianus colchicus (Pheasant, female, 3-4 mongth old) oral 1200-2000 mg/kg

LD50 Coturnix (Quail, male, 2 month old) oral 530 mg/kg (95% confidence limits: 385-735 mg/kg)

LD50 Pigeon (male) oral >2000 mg/kg

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Levels as low as 6.0 mg/kg produced some symptoms in mallards. Mortalities in most species occurred as soon as 6 min or as late as 2 days following treatment.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Proadifen HC1 (SKF-525A), a hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitor, was evaluated as a synergist for eight chemicals that produced temporary immobilization (TI) at sublethal levels in birds. Probit analysis showed that Proadifen HC1 administered orally and concurrently at 100 mg/kg to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with four of the test chemicals (alpha-chloralose, chlordiazepoxide, nicotine sulfate and phencyclidine) significantly lowered (p = 0.05) the estimated median lethal (LD50) and/or temporary immobilization response (TI50). Proadifen HC1 reduced ... the LD50 dose for nicotine sulfate 4.10-fold and the TI50 2.98-fold... . ...These data show that the LD50 and/or TI50 of temporary immobilizing agents for birds can be affected by the use of a synergist such as Proadifen HCL, and indicate that synergism between bird control chemicals or pesticides and drugs could be used to improve efficacy, lower application rates and reduce environmental contamination.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Acute symptoms: wing shivers or fasciculation, ataxia, excessive swallowing and chewing motions, masseter tenseness, mild ... /CNS depression/ strong whole-body tremors, miosis, terminal wing-beat convulsions or opisthotonos.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

LD50 Anas platyrhychos (Mallard, female, 4 months old) oral 587 mg/kg (95% Confidence limits: 397-869 mg/kg)

LD50 Phasianus colchicus (Pheasant, female, 3-4 mongth old) oral 1200-2000 mg/kg

LD50 Coturnix (Quail, male, 2 month old) oral 530 mg/kg (95% confidence limits: 385-735 mg/kg)

LD50 Pigeon (male) oral >2000 mg/kg

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Levels as low as 6.0 mg/kg produced some symptoms in mallards. Mortalities in most species occurred as soon as 6 min or as late as 2 days following treatment.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Proadifen HC1 (SKF-525A), a hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitor, was evaluated as a synergist for eight chemicals that produced temporary immobilization (TI) at sublethal levels in birds. Probit analysis showed that Proadifen HC1 administered orally and concurrently at 100 mg/kg to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with four of the test chemicals (alpha-chloralose, chlordiazepoxide, nicotine sulfate and phencyclidine) significantly lowered (p = 0.05) the estimated median lethal (LD50) and/or temporary immobilization response (TI50). Proadifen HC1 reduced ... the LD50 dose for nicotine sulfate 4.10-fold and the TI50 2.98-fold... . ...These data show that the LD50 and/or TI50 of temporary immobilizing agents for birds can be affected by the use of a synergist such as Proadifen HCL, and indicate that synergism between bird control chemicals or pesticides and drugs could be used to improve efficacy, lower application rates and reduce environmental contamination.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Acute symptoms: wing shivers or fasciculation, ataxia, excessive swallowing and chewing motions, masseter tenseness, mild ... /CNS depression/ strong whole-body tremors, miosis, terminal wing-beat convulsions or opisthotonos.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P075, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray the soln into a furnace with afterburner and scrubber. B) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in a furnace with effluent gas scrubbing. Recommendable method: Incineration.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Nicotine sulfate, solid; Nicotine sulfate, solution/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Nicotine sulfate, solid; Nicotine sulfate, solution/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Nicotine sulfate, solid; Nicotine sulfate, solution/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Nicotine sulfate, solid; Nicotine sulfate, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for NICOTINE SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1658; Nicotine sulfate, solution

UN 3445; Nicotine sulphate, solid

IMO 6.1; Nicotine sulfate, solid or soln

49 214 51; Nicotine sulfate, liquid & solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II