methylalcohol

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370 **: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 7623) of reports.

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301 (99.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (99.9%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (99.4%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370 (> 99.9%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 7623 reports by companies from 149 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 7623 reports by companies.

There are 148 notifications provided by 7619 of 7623 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H360FD (100%): May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

- Methanol is highly flammable.

- The agent will be easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames.

- Fire will produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- Vapors may travel to the source of ignition and flash back.

- Run-off to sewers may create a fire hazard.

- Caution: The agent has a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fires may be inefficient.

- For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol-resistant foam.

- For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the agent. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

- For fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from the area and let the fire burn.

- Run-off from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all containers with flooding quantities or water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

General Spill Actions: Stop or reduce discharge of material if this can be done without risk. Eliminate all sources of ignition. Avoid skin contact and inhalation. A fluorocarbon water foam can be applied to the spill to diminish vapor and fire hazard. Hycar and carbopol, which are absorbent materials, have shown possible applicability for vapor suppression and/or containment of methanol in spill situations. Leaking containers should be removed to the outdoors or to an isolated, well-ventilated area and the contents transferred to other suitable containers. The following materials are recommended for plugging leaks of methanol: polyester (eg Glad bag), imid polyester (eg brown-in-bag), stafoam urethane foam, sea-going epoxy putty, and MSA urethane.

Spills on Land: Contain if possible by forming mechanical or chemical barriers to prevent spreading. Absorb on sand, vermiculite or other absorbent and shovel into metal containers for disposal. Application of universal gelling agent to immobilize the spill, or the use of fly ash or cement powder to absorb the liquid bulk should also be considered. Other recommended sorbent materials are activated carbon and a universal sorbent material.

Spills in Water: After containment, a universal gelling agent can be injected to solidify trapped mass to increase the effectiveness of berms. Activated carbon can be applied at 10% the spilled amount over region occupied by 10 mg/L or greater concentrations. Then use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Methanol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U154 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Disposal: Waste methanol must never be discharged directly into sewers or surface waters. Large quantities of waste methanol can either be disposed of at licensed waste solvent disposal company or reclaimed by filtration and distillation. It can also be incinerated.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Methanol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Separated from incompatible materials. Cool. Fireproof. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

When large amounts of methanol are stored in enclosed 14 Methanol spaces, monitoring by means of lower explosion limit monitors is desirable.

Permanently installed fire-extinguishing equipment should be provided in large storage facilities. Water cannons are generally installed in storage tank farms to cool steel constructions and neighboring tanks in the event of fire. Large tanks should have permanently installed piping systems for alcohol-resistant fire-extinguishing foams.

Small-Scale Storage. Small amounts (</= 10 L) of methanol for laboratory and industrial use are stored in glass bottles or sheet-metal cans; amounts up to 200 L are stored and transported in steel drums. Some plastic bottles and containers cannot be used because of their permeability and the danger of dissolution of plasticizers. High-density polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable, whereas poly(vinyl chloride) and polyamides are unsuitable.

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for Methanol (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methanol in urine = 15 mg/L; sample at end of shift;

100.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) = 55,000 ppm * = > 10% LEL; ** = > 50% LEL AEGL 3 - 10 min = ** 40,000 ppm For values denoted as * safety consideration against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account For values denoted as ** extreme safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account Level of Distinct Order Awareness (LOA) = 8.9 ppm

AEGLs Status: Interim

530 [ppm]

2100 [ppm]

7200 [ppm]

200 ppm (260 mg/m³)

250 ppm (325 mg/m³)

TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (325 mg/m3) [skin]

200.0 [ppm]

TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) See Appendix G

6000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

6000 ppm [From NPG: Methyl alcohol] (NIOSH, 2024)

6000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Two human studies showed no effects at vapor concentrations ranging from 160 to 1,000 ppm [McAllister 1954; MDOH 1937]. It has been stated that it probably would be dangerous to be exposed to concentrations of the order of 30,000 to 50,000 ppm for as much as 30 to 60 minutes [Patty 1963].

6000 ppm

See: 67561

250.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm, skin; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 250 ppm, skin.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methanol in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 15 mg/L; Notation: The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value.; The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals.

200 ppm as TWA; 250 ppm as STEL; (skin); BEI issued.

200 ppm [2008]

250 ppm [2008]

260 mg/m

130 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Methanol appears as a colorless fairly volatile liquid with a faintly sweet pungent odor like that of ethyl alcohol. Completely mixes with water. The vapors are slightly heavier than air and may travel some distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Any accumulation of vapors in confined spaces, such as buildings or sewers, may explode if ignited. Used to make chemicals, to remove water from automotive and aviation fuels, as a solvent for paints and plastics, and as an ingredient in a wide variety of products.

Methanol, tallow alkyl iminobisethanol appears as a yellow-colored liquid with an "alcohol" odor. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Corrosive. Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.

Colorless watery liquid.

Colorless liquid

Clear, colorless liquid

Slight alcoholic odor when pure; repulsive, pungent odor when crude

Characteristic pungent odor

148.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

64.7 °C at 760 mm Hg

64.00 to 65.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

64.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-144 °F (NTP, 1992)

-97.8 °C

-97.6 °C

-97.53 °C

52 °F (NTP, 1992)

52 °F (NFPA, 2010)

9.7 °C (49.5 °F) - closed cup

15.6 °C (open cup) /from table/

52 °F (11 °C) (closed cup)

9 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water at 25 °C

Miscible with water at 20 °C

Miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, most organic solvents and ketones

Soluble in acetone, chloroform

1000 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.792 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8100 at 0 °C/4 °C; 0.7866 at 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.79

0.7914 @ 20°C

1.11 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.11 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.1

Highly flammable. Soluble in water in all proportions.

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

CSL00025

METHANOL + NITRIC OXIDE

vapor can ignite in the presence of a spark

Flammable

ACS Safety Letters

CSL00027

METHANOL + PALLADIUM

Palladium on carbon (10%) is highly pyrophoric under hydrogen atmosphere and to some extent in air. Palladium on carbon (Pd/C) frequently ignites when it first comes in contact with methanol (and to a lesser extent, any flammable organic solvent) and as such represents a significant safety risk.

Pyrophoric

M (up to 100g)

Addition of Pd/C (10% wet) to the reaction flask containing hydrogen atmospehere (additional catalyst addition to the ongoing reaction in 100 mL methanol) resulted is small fire.

User-Reported

CSL00028

METHANOL + 1-acetoxyethyl bromide

A significant amount of heat and gas was generated upon the addition of methanol to 1-acetoxyethyl bromide at 25°

Gas Emitter

Not Available

CSL00044

METHANOL + Precious metal catalysts

Risk of fire in the presence of air

Hydrogenation

CSL00051

METHANOL + boron tribromide

Quenching a small amount of boron tribromide into methanol resulted in significant exotherm and ignition. Boron tribromide should be quenched by diluting in an inert solvent (hexanes, dichloromethane) and then slowly pouring over ice.

Flammable,Water Reactive

CSL00068

METHANOL + NITRIC ACID

Potentially explosive in the presence of polar molecules

Explosive

CSL00077

METHANOL + 5-METHYLISOXAZOLE + SODIUM HYDROXIDE

potentially explosive

CSL00094

METHANOL + CHLORINE

Potentially explosive in the presence of alcohols

Based on the data presented in this safety assessment, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Methyl Alcohol is safe as used to denature alcohol used in cosmetic products.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methanol is a clear colorless liquid, used in hydraulic fracturing mixtures. It is also used as dehydrator of natural gas; fuel for utility plants (methyl fuel); feedstock for manufacture of synthetic proteins by continuous fermentation; source of hydrogen for fuel cells, home-heating-oil extender. HUMAN STUDIES: Humans (and non-human primates) are uniquely sensitive to methanol poisoning. Nearly all of the available information on methanol toxicity in humans relates to the consequences of acute rather than chronic exposures. A vast majority of poisonings involving methanol have occurred from drinking adulterated beverages and from methanol-containing products. The minimum lethal dose of methanol in the absence of medical treatment is between 0.3 and 1 g/kg. Wide interindividual variability of the toxic dose is a prominent feature in acute methanol poisoning. Two important determinants of human susceptibility to methanol toxicity appear to be (1) concurrent ingestion of ethanol, which slows the entrance of methanol into the metabolic pathway, and (2) hepatic folate status, which governs the rate of formate detoxification. The symptoms and signs of methanol poisoning, which may not appear until after an asymptomatic period include visual disturbances, nausea, abdominal and muscle pain, dizziness, weakness and disturbances of consciousness ranging from coma to clonic seizures. Visual disturbances range from mild photophobia and misty or blurred vision to markedly reduced visual acuity and complete blindness. In extreme cases death results. The principal clinical feature is severe metabolic acidosis of the anion-gap type. ANIMAL STUDIES: The rate of metabolic detoxification, or removal of formate is vastly different between rodents and primates and is the basis for the dramatic differences in methanol toxicity observed between rodents and primates. The acute and short term toxicity of methanol varies greatly between different species, toxicity being highest in species with a relatively poor ability to metabolize formate. In such cases of poor metabolism of formate, fatal methanol poisoning occurs as a result of metabolic acidosis and neuronal toxicity, whereas, in animals that readily metabolize formate, consequences of CNS depression (coma, respiratory failure) are usually the cause of death. Overall methanol has a low acute toxicity to non-primate animals. In the rabbit, methanol is a moderate irritant to the eye. It was not skin sensitizing. The association between methanol exposure and lymphoma in some animal studies is weak, and is better interpreted as due to confounding factors or to a mechanism not relevant in humans. The inhalation of methanol by pregnant rodents throughout the period of embryogenesis induces a wide range of concentration-dependent teratogenic and embryolethal effects. Treatment-related malformations, primarily extra or rudimentary cervical ribs and urinary or cardiovascular defects, were found in fetuses of rats. Increased incidences of exencephaly and cleft palate were found in the offspring of mice. No increase in micronuclei was observed in the bone marrow of mice exposed to methanol. Methanol did not induce micronuclei in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells in vitro. Methanol was mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma assay, in a Basc test, or in Drosophila, sex-linked, recessive lethal mutation assay. Treatment of primary cultures of Syrian golden hamster embryo cells with methanol did not lead to cell transformation. Methanol was not mutagenic to Salmonella strains TA97, TA98, TA1535, TA 1537, and TA1538 in Ames tests with or without metabolic activation. Equivocal results were obtained with Salmonella strain TA102 in the presence of metabolic activation. Methanol was not mutagenic in a DNA-repair test using various strains of E. coli WP2 and in a forward mutation assay using Schizosaccharomyces pombe. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Methanol is of low toxicity to aquatic organisms, and effects due to environmental exposure to methanol are unlikely to be observed, except in the case of a spill.

"Toxic alcohols" is a collective term that refers to several hydroxylated aliphatic compounds that can cause significant metabolic and systemic toxicity. This includes methanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. Methanol is among the most dangerous toxic alcohols, potentially producing significant morbidity and mortality in heavily exposed individuals who are left untreated. It is found in various household and industrial agents, and methanol poisoning may be due to accidental or intentional ingestions. Accidental poisonings have been due to distillation and fermentation errors, and as the result of beverage contamination. Examples of products that contain methanol include windshield wiper fluid, industrial solvents, some types of antifreeze, carburetor cleaner, etc. The exposures to methanol can cause varying degrees of toxicity and the management strategies range from close laboratory monitoring to antidotal therapy and dialysis. The primary treatment is fomepizole, and ethanol may be administered if fomepizole is not an option.

The target of methanol in the eye is the retina, specifically the optic disk and optic nerve. Muller cells and rod and cone cells are altered functionally and structurally, because cytochrome oxidase activity in mitochondria is inhibited, resulting in a reduction in ATP. (T10)

Methanol

Developmental

2 mg/kg-day

2 x 10 ^1 mg/m^3

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute methanol poisoning in humans is characterized by an asymptomatic period of 12h to 24h followed by formic acidemia, ocular toxicity, coma, and in extreme cases death. Visual disturbances develop between 18h to 48h after ingestion and range from mild photophobia and blurred vision to markedly reduced visual acuity and complete blindness. (T10)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Methanol can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact. Ingestion is an important route of exposure.

Oral (T10)

Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Weakness. Visual disturbances. Drowsiness. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; headache, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; visual disturbance, optic nerve damage (blindness); dermatitis

- Irritation, redness, and pain.

- Ingestion of methanol may cause a wide range of adverse health effects:- Neurological: headache, dizziness, agitation, acute mania, amnesia, decreased level of consciousness including coma, and seizure.

- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, lack of an appetite (anorexia), severe abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding (hemorrhage), diarrhea, liver function abnormalities, and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).

- Ophthalmologic: visual disturbances, blurred vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), visual hallucinations (misty vision, skin over the eyes, snowstorm, dancing spots, flashes), partial to total loss of vision, and rarely eye pain. Visual examination may reveal abnormal findings. Fixed dilated pupils are a sign of severe exposure to methanol.

- Other: Electrolyte imbalances. Kidney failure, blood in the urine (hematuria), and muscle death at the cellular level (rhabdomyolysis) have been reported in severe poisonings. Fatal cases often present with fast heart rate (tachycardia) or slow heart rate (bradycardia) and an increased rate of respiration. Low blood pressure (hypotension) and respiratory arrest occur when death is imminent.

- See Ingestion Exposure.

- Irritation.

Methanol can produce sensory irritation and narcosis at airborne concentrations below those which produce organ system pathology. (T10)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract

Chemical: METHANOL

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 64,000 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat oral 5628 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 14.4 g/kg

LD50 Monkey oral 2-3 g/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 7300 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Methanol (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Chlorella fusca ssp. vacuolata (Green Algae) strain 21115; Conditions: freshwater, static, 28 °C, pH 6.9; Concentration: 0.77 umol/L for 24 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate /100% purity/

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green Algae) 65000-78000 cells/mL; Conditions: static, 25 °C; Concentration: 3.6 umol/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 3.46-3.74 ug/L; Effect: general growth

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 15000 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 3010 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 1910-5570 ug/L); Effect: physiology photosynthesis /99% purity formulation/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 15000 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: >60400 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: population growth rate /99% purity formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Methanol (48 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ At 40,000-80,000 mg/L, methanol killed Chironomus dorsalis meig larvae within 2 days; 500-20,000 mg/L within 26 days. 50-200 mg/L delayed imago emergence; at emergence, limb defects or hemorrhages were observed. 250 mg/L cause morphological changes in larval development.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... The mussel, Mytilus edulis, /was exposed/ to methanol concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10% (v/v) for 96 hr. All the mussels in both the 5 and 10% exposure groups died within 13.5 hr. Sublethal narcotic effects such as slow movement and sporadic filter feeding were reported in mussels exposed to 2 and 3%. Mussels exposed to 1% methanol exhibited no adverse effects during the 96-hr exposure period.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effect of methanol on the fertilization of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) ova was examined at methanol exposure levels of 0.001% to 10% by volume (7.9 to 79,000 mg/L). Both gametes (sperm and unfertilized ova) and fertilized eggs were exposed to methanol for brief periods. Exposures up to and including 1% methanol did not significantly affect fertilization, survival to hatching, hatching time, alevin size at hatch or physical deformities among alevins, although a methanol concentration of 10% was lethal in most cases.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Ninety-six-hour acute toxicity tests revealed cladoceran crustacea Moina micrura as the most sensitive to methanol (LC50, 4.82 g/L), followed by freshwater teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (LC50, 15.32 g/L) and oligochaete worm Branchiura sowerbyi (LC50, 54.89 g/L). The fish, when exposed to lethal concentrations of methanol, showed difficulties in respiration and swimming. The oligochaete body wrinkled and fragmented under lethal exposure of methanol. Effects of five sublethal concentrations of methanol (0, 23.75, 47.49, 736.10, and 1527.60 mg/L) on the feeding rate of the fish and on its growth and reproduction were evaluated by separate bioassays. Ninety-six-hour bioassays in the laboratory showed significant reduction in the appetite of fish when exposed to 736.10 mg/L or higher concentrations of methanol. Chronic toxicity bioassays (90 days) in outdoor enclosures showed a reduction in growth, maturity index and fecundity of fish at 47.49 mg/L or higher concentrations of methanol. Primary productivity, phytoplankton population, and alkalinity of water were also reduced at these concentrations. Chronic exposure to 1527.60 mg/L methanol resulted in damages of the epithelium of primary and secondary gill lamellae of the fish. The results revealed 23.75 mg/L as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of methanol to freshwater aquatic ecosystem.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Methanol (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.20e+05

1.20e+06

2.10e+04

8.80e+04

2.00e+04

2.00e+00

4.10e+00

2.00e+01

Volatile

1.06e+05

3.70e+05

3.70e+06

6.30e+04

2.60e+05

6.10e+04

Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Methanol's production and use as a solvent, fuel additive, and in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids will result in its direct release to the environment. It can also be released directly to the environment in exhaust gases from combustion engines. Methanol has been identified as a natural emission product from various plants and as a biological decomposition product of biological wastes and sewage; natural emission sources include volcanic gases, vegetation, microbes, and insects, and methanol is a product of decaying organic material. If released to the atmosphere, a vapor pressure of 127 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that methanol will exist solely in the vapor phase. Vapor phase methanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 days. If released to soil, methanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon a measured Koc of 2.75. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Methanol may also volatilize from dry soils based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation half-lives of 1 and 3.2 days measured in a sandy silt loam and sandy loam from Texas and Mississippi, respectively, suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, methanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 and 35 days, respectively. Rapid biodegradation in a variety of screening studies using sewage seed and activated sludge inoculum suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water. BCF values of less than 10 in fish suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis and photolysis are not expected to be an important environmental fate processes since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze and photolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to methanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methanol via inhalation of ambient air, and ingestion of food and drinking water. Exposure to methanol can occur when people use certain paint strippers, aerosol spray paints, wall paints, windshield wiper fluid, and small engine fuel. (SRC)

Methanol has been identified as a volatile emission product from evergreen cypress trees(1). Methanol is formed during biological decomposition of biological wastes, sewage, sludges and various organic compounds(2,3). Natural emission sources include volcanic gases, vegetation, microbes, and insects(4). Methanol is a product of decaying organic material(5).

A small amount of methanol is found in the expired breath of normal subjects, possibly by endogenous metabolic production.

Methanol's production and use as a solvent, fuel additive, and in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and dimethyl terephthalate, chemical synthesis, antifreeze, fuel for utility plants, fermentation feedstock and home heating oil extender(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Methanol's use in hydraulic fracturing fluids(2,3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). The largest anthropogenic source of methanol release to the environment is evaporation from solvent uses which amounts to an estimated 1.1 billion lbs annually(4). Annual emission releases from methanol production, end-product manufacturing, and storage/handling have been estimated to be 68, 49, and 12 million lbs, respectively(4). Methanol has been identified as product in the exhaust of combustion engines using fuels containing ethanol, 2-propanol, isooctane and hexane(5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 2.75(2) indicates that methanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). Methanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 127 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation half-lives of 1 and 3.2 days measured in a sandy silt loam and sandy loam from Texas and Mississippi, respectively(5), suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 2.75(2) indicates that methanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 and 35 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of <10 measured in fish(6) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Methanol lacks functional groups that hydrolyze or absorb light under environmentally relevant conditions(3), therefore hydrolysis and photolysis are not expected to be important environmental fate processes(SRC). Methanol has been shown to undergo rapid biodegradation in a variety of screening studies using sewage seed and activated sludge inoculum(7-10), which suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methanol, which has a vapor pressure of 127 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The major degradation product from reaction with hydroxyl radicals is formaldehyde(4).

AEROBIC: The half-life for methanol applied to a sandy loam from Mississippi (68% sand, 23.4% silt, 8.6% clay, 0.94% organic carbon, pH 4.8) was 3.2 days. The half-life of methanol applied to a sandy silt loam from Texas (61.5% sand, 31.1% silt, 7.4% clay, 3.28% organic carbon, pH 7.8) was 1 day. The moisture content of each soil was maintained at approximately 80% of its field capacity over the 64 day incubation period, and the half-lives did not account for any potential volatilization loss(1).

AEROBIC: Methanol, present at 0.050 mg/L, reached 48% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(1). Using activated sludge as inoculum, methanol achieved 93%(2) and 21%(3) of its theoretical BOD in 2 day and 1 day Warburg respirometer studies, respectively. Using a standard dilution technique, methanol reached 53.4% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days, and 97.7% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 50 days using sewage seed(4). Using an activated sludge acclimated to methanol, 55% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 23 hours(5). Methanol had a half-life of 0.4 days in a sewage die-away test(6). Methanol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 92% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(7).

AEROBIC: Using a starting concentration of 2.56 ppm, methanol achieved 88.7% of its theoretical BOD over a 5 day incubation period using a freshwater standard dilution technique, and 70.7% of its theoretical BOD over a 5 day incubation period using a sea water dilution technique(1). Significant biodegradation of organic waste (methanol and acetic acid and formic acid) was observed when injected into wells (850-1000 ft depth) as determined by concentration monitoring and microbial population count(2). Soil-sediment suspensions, maintained under aerobic conditions, resulted in a 5-day CO2 evolution (14-C) of 53.4%(3).

ANAEROBIC: Approximately 83-91% biodegradation was observed in an anaerobic die-away test, using marine water and sediment from the San Francisco Bay during a 3-day incubation period(1). Methanol was found to be susceptible to biodegradation in low oxygen subsurface regions in microcosm studies simulating subsurface conditions; complete degradation was observed within one year or less(2). Methanol degraded readily in test tube microcosms simulating subsurface soils and groundwaters from sites in VA and NY(3). Soil-sediment suspensions, maintained under anaerobic conditions, resulted in a 5-day CO2 evolution (14-C) of 46.3%(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 9.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Methanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Methanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Methanol in aqueous solution exhibited no degradation when exposed to sunlight using an EPA test protocol(3). Sediment and clay suspension solution did not photocatalyze the degradation of methanol in aqueous solution during irradiation with UV light(4). The rate constant for the reaction of methanol with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solutions of natural water is 9.7X10+8 L/mol-sec(5); this corresponds to an aquatic half-life of about 2.5 years at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per liter(6). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methanol with nitrate radicals is 2.1X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(7). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 160 days at a night-time atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(8).

Measured BCF values of less than 10 were reported for fish (golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus)) exposed to 0.05 mg/L of methanol for three days in an aquatic tank(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The measured Koc for methanol is reported to be 2.75(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that methanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U154 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Disposal: Waste methanol must never be discharged directly into sewers or surface waters. Large quantities of waste methanol can either be disposed of at licensed waste solvent disposal company or reclaimed by filtration and distillation. It can also be incinerated.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Methanol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Methanol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1230; Methanol

IMO 3; Methanol

49 092 30; Methanol or methyl alcohol (wood alcohol)

49 092 37; Methanol (contaminated, only for refining)

49 104 04; Methanol, solidified (alcohol, not otherwise specified)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Methanol is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Methanol is included on the dangerous goods list.

Flammable Liquid Poison (international)

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II