acetone

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 5005) of reports.

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (> 99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (98.7%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 5005 reports by companies from 95 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 5005 reports by companies.

There are 94 notifications provided by 5003 of 5005 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P331, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical.

Flammable. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. //spr:clup// Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents

Environmental considerations- water spill Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U002 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incineration: Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACETONE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids

Store acetone in closed containers, and keep away from heat, sparks, and flames.

Acetone is stored in steel tanks

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetone in urine = 25 mg/L; at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

23480.0 [ppm]

500.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) = 26,000 ppm * = >10% LEL; ** = >50% LEL AEGL 3 - 10 mins = ** 16,000 ppm For values denoted as * safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account. For values denoted as ** extreme safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account. Level of Distinct Odor Awareness = 160 ppm

AEGLs Status: Interim

200 [ppm]

3200 [ppm]

5700 [ppm]

250 ppm (590 mg/m³)

TWA 250 ppm (590 mg/m3)

1000.0 [ppm]

1000 ppm (2400 mg/m³)

TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) See Appendix G

2500 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

2500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Volunteers experienced slight irritation at 300 ppm but 500 ppm was tolerated [Nelson et al. 1943]. Eye irritation, headache, lightheadedness, nasal irritation, and throat irritation were noted in workers exposed to concentrations considerably in excess of 1,000 ppm and perhaps as high as 6,500 ppm [Raleigh and McGee 1972]. No indications of toxicity were reported following exposures to 2,100 ppm for 8 hours/day [Haggard et al. 1944].

2500 ppm (IDLH based on a 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.)

2500 ppm (10% LEL)

2500 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 67641

250.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 500 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 750 ppm.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: acetone in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 50 mg/L; Notation: The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals.

2014 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: Acetone; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 250 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 500 ppm; Notations: A4, Not Classifiable as a human carcinogen; BEI; Molecular Weight: 58.05; TLV Basis: Central nervous system impairment; Upper respiratory tract and eye irritation.

2014 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding indices, comprise those for which (1) a BEI is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted index is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted BEI is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial indices during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Chemical: acetone; Determinant: acetone in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 25 mg/L; Notation: The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals.

250 ppm as TWA; 500 ppm as STEL; BEI issued; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

1210 mg/m

Acute Inhalation: 26 ppm (N004)

Intermediate Inhalation: 13 ppm (N004)

Chronic Inhalation: 13 ppm (N004)

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

Acetone appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Flash point 0 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

clear, colourless, volatile with a characteristic odour

Colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.

Colorless volatile liquid

Fruity odor

Characteristic odor

Pungent, sweetish

133 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

56.08 °C

56.00 to 57.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

56.05 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-137 °F (NTP, 1992)

-94.9 °C

-94.8 °C

0 °F (NTP, 1992)

-16.99 °C (1.42 °F) - closed cup

-4 °F (-20 °C) (Closed cup)

0 °F (closed cup)

-18 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Miscible with benzene

Miscible with alcohol, dimethylformamide, ether

1000 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

miscible with water, alcohol, ether, chroroform and most fixed oils

(in ethanol)

Miscible

0.791 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7845 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.790-0.793 (20 °C )

0.791 @ 20°C

2 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.0 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.0

180 mmHg at 68 °F ; 270 mmHg at 86 °F (NTP, 1992)

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Highly Flammable

CSL00003

ACETONE + sodium percarbonate

can form explosive acetone peroxide compounds

Explosive

S (up to 1g)

oxidation

User-Reported

CSL00009

ACETONE + Hydrogen peroxide

Formation of acetone peroxides possible. Try to avoid combination or check for peroxides

ACS Safety Letters

CSL00014

ACETONE + PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE

Warning - This combination has been documented in the literature to explode when mixed. These two reagents should NEVER come in contact with one another. Ensure that all POCl3 is quenched prior to rotary evaporation or any other means of POCl3 contacting acetone residues.

CSL00052

ACETONE + POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + CALCIUM HYDROXIDE + CHLOROFORM

Chloroform and acetone interact vigorously and exothermally in presence of solid potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to form 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane.

Bretherick's

CSL00053

ACETONE + BROMINE

During bromination of acetone to bromoacetone, presence of a large excess of bromine must be avoided to prevent sudden and violent reaction.

Bromination

HSDB Acetone

CSL00055

ACETONE + NITRIC ACID

Potentially explosive

CSL00135

ACETONE + 5-BROMOPYRIMIDINE + SULFURIC ACID + PERACETIC ACID

Upon drying the powder product was being scraped from a sintered glass funnel to complete the neutralization of the hemiacid salt when an explosion occurred. Subsequent testing determined that the peroxide dimer of acetone was the most likely cause of the explosion. This material is reported to be both shock and friction sensitive and known to sublime at room temperature.

CSL00188

Piranha solution + acetone

10 milliliters of acetone were added to 30 ml of Piranha solution in a plastic waste bottle. The solution immediately exploded the bottle, but because the bottle was plastic, there was no shrapnel associated with the explosion. Fume hood and PPE protection limited injuries to facial acid burns

Small (up to 1g)

Reported to Ralph Stuart by EHS colleague; Piranha solution is described at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piranha_solution

User Reported

07/20/2022

CSL00196

(Trimethylsilyl)acetylene + Acetone + Oxygen

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetone is a colorless volatile liquid. It is a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, rubber cements. It is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis. Acetone is used in manufacturing of coatings, plastics, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is also used in production of other solvents and intermediates including: methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetic acid (ketene process), diacetone alcohol, bisphenol A, methyl methacrylate, explosives, rayon, photographic films, isoprene. Acetone is not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Acetone has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a corrosion inhibitor. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acetone is relatively less toxic than many other industrial solvents; however, at high concentrations, acetone vapor can cause CNS depression, cardiorespiratory failure and death. In children 2 to 3 mL/kg is considered to be toxic. Acute exposures of humans to atmospheric concentrations have been reported to produce either no gross toxic effects or minor transient effects, such as eye irritation. More severe transient effects (including vomiting and fainting) were reported for workers exposed to acetone vapor concentrations for about 4 hr. Acute exposures to acetone have also been reported to alter performances in neurobehavioral tests in humans. Females were reported to suffer menstrual irregularities. Acetone also occurs as a metabolic component in blood, urine and human breath. Acetone is one of three ketone bodies that occur naturally throughout the body. It can be formed endogenously in the mammalian body from fatty acid oxidation. Fasting, diabetes mellitus and strenuous exercise increase endogenous generation of acetone. Under normal conditions, the production of ketone bodies occurs almost entirely within the liver and to a smaller extent in the lung and kidney. Products are excreted in the blood and transported to all tissues and organs of the body where they can be used as a source of energy. ANIMAL STUDIES: Oral LD50 values in adult rats are in the range of 5800-7138 mg/kg. Mice were given 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm acetone (females) and 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 ppm acetone (males) via drinking water for 13 weeks. Absolute liver weight and liver weight to body weight ratios were significantly increased and absolute spleen weight and spleen weight to body weight ratios were significantly decreased in the females (50,000 ppm). In other experiments, rats were assessed for liver oxidative balance and lipid content after treatments with acetone in water for 28 days. Compared with controls, acetone-treated rats had increased hepatic GSH, hepatic vitamin E, glycemia, cholesterolemia, and hepatic fat, which is similar to the features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Acetone is not considered to be genotoxic or mutagenic. In a study of pregnant rats and mice exposed to acetone vapor during days 6-19 of gestation, slight developmental toxicity was observed. Reports of other reproductive effects of acetone include observations of testicular effects and changes of sperm quality in rats. Acetone has been used extensively as a solvent vehicle in skin carcinogenicity studies and is not considered carcinogenic when applied to the skin. The avoidance and escape behavior of female rats exposed to 3000, 6000, 12,000, or 16,000 ppm of acetone vapors for 10 days for 4 hr/day were studied. The 3000 ppm exposures had no effect on all exposure days, the 6000 ppm exposure initially inhibited the conditioned avoidance response but not the unconditioned escape response, and the two highest exposures inhibited both responses. Normal responses were obtained after three days of exposure to 6000 and 12,000 ppm, indicating that adaptive changes develop upon repeated exposure. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Acetone was tested with mallard eggs. Fertile eggs were immersed in 0, 10 or 100% acetone for 30 seconds at room temperature on days 3 or 8 of incubation. There were no significant effects with 10% acetone; however, 100% acetone caused a significant decrease in survival, embryonic weight and embryonic length for both exposure groups. It is unknown whether the mortality was due to the toxicity of acetone or to its solvent capabilities.

Since acetone is highly water soluble, it is readily taken up by the blood and widely distributed to body tissues. Acetone may interfere with the composition of the membranes, altering their permeability to ions. Systemically, acetone is moderately toxic to the liver and produces hematological effects. The renal toxicity may be due to the metabolite, formate, which is known to be nephrotoxic and is excreted by the kidneys. One of the major effects of acetone is the potentiation of the toxicity of other chemicals. Pretreatment with acetone has been shown to potentiate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform by inducing particular forms of cytochrome P-450, especially cytochrome P-45OIIE1, and associated enzyme activities. (N004)

9 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on lack of data concerning carcinogenicity in humans or animals. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Pulmonary congestion and edema can follow inhalation of acetone, which irritates the mucosa. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by repeated vomiting of blood has been reported. Neurobehavioral effects, indicative of narcosis, sedation, respiratory depression, ataxia, paresthesia and renal lesions can also result from acetone poisoning. (N004, A578)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L937) ; oral (L937) ; dermal (L937) ; eye contact (L937)

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Dizziness. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, nose, throat; headache, dizziness, central nervous system depression; dermatitis

Sore throat, cough, confusion, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness are some signs observed after acetone poisoning. Moreover, ingestion of the product can cause nausea and vomiting. Redness, pain, blurred vision as well as corneal damage can result from eye exposure. A dry skin can be the result of dermal contact. Irritation of the nose, throat, lungs, and eyes can also occur depending on the route of exposure. (L937)

Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Ocular (Eyes), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Chemical: ACETONE

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) =50,100 mg/m3/8H

LD50: 2400 mg/kg/day (Oral, Mouse) (N004)

In children 2 to 3 mL/kg is considered to be toxic.

LD50 Rat oral 10.7 mL/kg (=8450 mg/kg bw)

LD50 Rat oral 9800 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 5800 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 3000 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following oral exposure to acetone, consider insertion of a nasogastric tube to aspirate stomach contents only after recent, large acetone ingestions; symptomatic and supportive treatment is generally all that is required. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure to acetone. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)

... The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of vit E treatment against acetone-induced oxidative stress in rat RBCs. Thirty healthy male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-230 g and averaging 12 weeks old were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: Control (A), acetone-treated (B) and acetone + vit E-treated groups (C), each containing ten animals. Group A received only drinking water. Acetone, 5% (v/v), was given with drinking water to B and C groups. In addition, C group received vit E dose of 200 mg/kg/day im. The experiment continued for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, the blood samples were obtained for biochemical and morphological investigation. Acetone treatment resulted in RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis, increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and RBC, and decreased RBC vit E levels. Vit E treatment decreased elevated TBARS levels in plasma and RBC and also increased reduced RBC vit E levels, and prevented RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis ...

/Researchers/ prepared microsomes from lungs and livers of rats exposed to 20 ppm pyridine by inhalation for 5-6 hours/day for 10 days, to acetone (7.5%, v/v) in drinking water for 10 days or by inhalation to 50% aqueous acetone for 5-6 hours/day for 10 days, or to acetone in combination with pyridine administered separately as above. Controls received water for inhalation and oral exposures. In the liver microsomes, there was induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity for oral acetone by 2.5-fold, for pyridine by inhalation by 2.8-fold, and for the combination of acetone and pyridine by 7.6-fold, indicating greater-than-additive interaction. The levels of CYP1A1 were induced by acetone, pyridine, and the combination by 8.3-, 6.6-, and 32.7-fold, respectively. These results indicated even greater synergistic interaction. Similar greater-than-additive interaction results were also found for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MEROD) and CYP1A2 in the liver microsomes. Microsomal EROD was induced by all treatments in the lung, and a synergistic interaction was even greater in the lung, with an increase that was 4-fold for acetone, 21-fold for pyridine, and 115.5-fold for the combination. CYP1A1 was also induced synergistically by acetone and pyridine in the lung microsomes.

/In a previous study it was/ demonstrated that acetone potentiated the nerve conduction velocity and neurobehavioral effects of 2,5-hexanedione in rats, but /it was/ noted that the mechanism of action of this potentiation was not fully understood. More recently, /researchers/ performed similar experiments. This time, they included histological examination of the sciatic and tibial nerves in rats immediately after the 6-week exposures in rats allowed a 10-week recovery period. As in previous experiments, acetone potentiated 2,5-hexanedione-induced open field ambulation and rearing balance in the rotarod tests, and grip strength. The ambulation was reversible during the recovery period by all treatments, but the effects on rearing and balance were reversible in the 2,5-hexanedione group only. That is, the potentiation by acetone persisted. Histological examination revealed that after exposure, giant axon swelling was induced by 2,5-hexanedione and the combination of 2,5-hexanedione and acetone, and a change in the distribution of fiber area size occurred in rats exposed to 2,5-hexanedione. The lesions observed in the co-exposure group were statistically similar to the effects of 2,5-hexanedione alone, but appeared aggravated by co-exposure, as seen by conventional pathological evaluation. After the 10-week recovery period, the nerve tissues appeared normal. The investigators concluded that neurotoxicity of the combined exposure was not reversible and that the mechanism of acetone potentiation is probably an effect on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-hexanedione.

Pretreatment with acetone for 6 days (one-tenth the LD50) potentiated acute ethanol toxicity in rats. ... /Investigators/ ... demonstrated that acetone pretreatment potentiates chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity. ... Acetone protected animals against electroshock or isonicotinic acid hydrazide-induced convulsions. Acetone ... enhanced the hepatotoxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene (200 ppm) in rats.

EC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) 2-3 instar nauplii; Conditions: saltwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 14852000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 14141000-15563000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization

LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) age 14 days; oral >40,000 ppm, in diet, (no mortality to 40,000 ppm)

LC50; Species: Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked pheasant) age 10 days; oral >40,000 ppm, in diet, (no mortality to 40,000 ppm)

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout) weight 1.0 g; Conditions: /static/, 12 °C; Concentration: 5,540 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit: 4,740-6,330 mg/L)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETONE (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Acetone was ...tested with mallard eggs. Fertile eggs were immersed in 0, 10 or 100% acetone for 30 seconds at room temperature on days 3 or 8 of incubation. There were no significant effects with 10% acetone; however, 100% acetone caused a significant decrease in survival, embryonic weight and embryonic length for both exposure groups. It is unknown whether the mortality was due to the toxicity of acetone or to its solvent capabilities. White Leghorn chick embryos were also tested with acetone. The test article was injected into the eggs at 5 uL/egg. Statistical analysis was not performed and controls were not used; however, it appeared that acetone did not affect mortality or malformation of the embryos.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ There is increasing concern about the sub-lethal effect of hydrophobic chemicals in the water medium. Even though acetone is a commonly used solvent in toxicity testing, few studies have focussed on its chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna and the available results are often contradictory. In this study, acetone was tested on D. magna in a 21-day exposure experiment and the effects on mortality, fertility and morphology of exposed organisms (F(0) and offspring (F(1)-F(2), reared without acetone) were evaluated. No significant reduction of survival was observed with increasing concentrations, and no significant reduction in fecundity in any treatment group in terms of average number of daphnids per mother was observed. Abnormal development of second antennae was observed on F(1) from F(0) exposed to 79 mg/L solvent. The ET50 of acetone on the number of mothers that produced deformed offspring over time was 12.5 days. Our results suggest that the acetone concentration should not exceed 7.9 mg/L, which is 10 times less than the allowed concentration as determined by OECD chronic assays on D. magna. More attention should be paid to small, water-soluble molecules usually considered of low concern for chronic toxicity because they might affect other metabolic pathways.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acetone has been used to solubilize liposoluble molecules in toxicological tests using fish. The effects over time of a sublethal concentration (0.1%) of acetone on the livers of trout sac-fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated by electron microscopy. Changes in the hepatocyte membranes (dilation of the interhepatocytic space, formation of intracellular myelinic figures) occurred between the first and 7th day of exposure. However, these changes were minor and they did not persist after 22 days of exposure. Acetone caused changes in hepatocytes which could have affected the toxicity of the xenobiotics tested. Thus use of this solvent as vehicle in toxicological experiments should be avoided.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The /Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)/ 24 hr LC50 for acetone and ethanol in a flow-through bioassay system at 10 °C plus or minus 0.5, are 6100 mg/L and 11,200 mg/L, respectively. ... Acetone and ethanol, at about 0.48 and 0.26 of the fingerling LC50, respectively, affected cardiovascular/respiratory parameters in adult rainbow trout. Acetone produced an increase in ventilation rate to a maximum of 158% of control values, as well as an increase in buccal pressure amplitude attaining a maximum of 410% of control values. ...

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ACETONE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.00e+04

1.10e+06

1.80e+04

3.70e+00

9.00e-01

Volatile

1.14e+05

2.10e+05

3.20e+06

5.40e+04

Acetone's production and use as chemical intermediate to make methyl methacrylate and other chemicals and as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubbers, plastics, pharmaceuticals and rubber cements may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in paints, varnishes removers and a variety of consumer products may result in its direct release to the environment through evaporation. Acetone's use in hydraulic fracturing fluids will result in its direct release to the environment. Acetone is released in combustion emissions and gasoline exhaust. Acetone occurs as a metabolic byproduct of plants and animals and is emitted into the atmosphere by volcanoes, forest fires and vegetation emissions. It is also formed in the troposphere via photo-oxidation of alkanes and alkenes. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 89 days. Acetone absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Results of photolysis tests indicate that acetone has a direct photolysis half-life in the range of 10-80 days in the troposphere depending upon solar angle and sunlight intensity. Acetone has been detected in rain and cloud water, and therefore, may be removed from the air by wet deposition. If released to soil, acetone is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2.4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Acetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Results of biological screening tests indicate that acetone is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. If released into water, acetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in natural water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 hours and 8.8 days, respectively. The volatilization half-life of acetone applied to the surface of a shallow stream was in the range of 8-18 hours. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to acetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetone via inhalation of ambient air, inhalation of cigarette smoke, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing acetone. (SRC)

/Acetone is a/ normal micro-component of blood and urine; formed by oxidation of humic substances.

Acetone occurs naturally as a metabolic byproduct of plants and animals and is released into the atmosphere by volcanoes and forest fires(1). Vegetative releases, forest fires, and other natural events account for nearly half of the estimated annual emissions of acetone(2). Acetone has been identified in air samples from numerous plants and microorganisms(2). Acetone occurs in expired air of all mammals, is excreted as a metabolic end-product by some bacteria, molds, and fungi and occurs in emissions from poultry manure(2). About 50% of the acetone that occurs in the troposphere results from the photo-oxidation of tropospheric occurring alkanes and alkenes(2).

Acetone's production and use as chemical intermediate to make methyl methacrylate and other chemicals and as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubbers, plastics, pharmaceuticals and rubber cements(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in paints, varnishes removers(1) and a variety of consumer products may result in its direct release to the environment through evaporation(2). Acetone's use in hydraulic fracturing fluids(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Acetone is released in emissions from backyard waste incinerators, pine wood combustion, neoprene combustion and wood burning stoves(2,4). Acetone is released in gasoline exhaust(5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Acetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of other screening tests also indicate that acetone is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6,7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 hours and 8.8 days, respectively(SRC). Experimentally determined volatilization half-lives in a shallow stream were measured in the range of 8-18 hours(5-7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.24(9) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of other screening tests also indicate that acetone is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(11,12). Volatilization may be faster removal mechanism of acetone than biodegradation in very shallow, rapidly moving water(5-7). Acetone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetone, which has a vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 89 days(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 1.80X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Acetone absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Results of photolysis tests indicate that acetone has a direct photolysis half-life in the range of 10-80 days in the troposphere depending upon solar angle and sunlight intensity(5,6). Acetone has been detected in rain and cloud water(7), and therefore, may be removed from the air by wet deposition(SRC).

AEROBIC: The percent theoretical BOD of acetone in water seeded with settled domestic sewage was 56%, 76%, 83% and 84%, over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods(1). Percent theoretical BOD's of acetone in a raw sewage inocula were reported as 37% and 81% over 5 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively(2), 54% over a 5 day incubation period(3), 71% over a 7 day incubation period(4), 55% and 72% over 5 day and 10 day incubation periods respectively(5) and 38% over a 5 day incubation period(6). The percent theoretical BOD of acetone in freshwater was reported as 56%, 76%, 83% and 84% over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively(7). The percent theoretical BOD of acetone in seawater was reported as 38%, 67%, 69% and 76% over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively(7). Acetone, present at 100 mg/L, reached 96% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified the compound as readily biodegradable(8). Using OECD Guideline 301B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test), acetone was found to be readily biodegradable with 60% degradation after 5 days and 90.9% CO2 evolution after 28 days(9).

ANAEROBIC: Acetone was shown to be readily biodegradable under anaerobic conditions(1-3). Complete degradation of acetone (at 500 mg/L) occurred in 4 days in an anaerobic Warburg respirometer using adapted activated sludge(2). The percent theoretical methane recovery of acetone in an anaerobic aquifer was 89% over a 3 week incubation period following a 25 day acclimation period(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has a recommended measured value of 1.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 89 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetone with atmospheric nitrate radicals has been measured as 8.5X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 years(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(4). Acetone absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The average rate constant for the photodissociation of acetone by natural sunlight in the lower troposphere was measured as 1X10-7 sec-1(5); this corresponds to a half-life of about 80 days(5). Direct photolysis tests determined an acetone quantum yield of 0.08 with CO2, methanol and formaldehyde identified as degradation products(6). The direct photolysis rate constant in the troposphere near sea level at 40 deg solar angle was determined to be 0.785X10-6/sec which corresponds to half-life of about 10 days(6). Acetone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(7).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetone(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In a 1931 test report, a BCF value of 0.69 was determined for adult haddock fish over an 11 hour exposure period(4); however, the test protocol does not meet important criteria of current standard BCF methods(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetone can be estimated to be 2.4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil. In sorption studies, acetone showed no adsorption to montorillonite, kaolinite clay, or stream sediment(3,4).

The Henry's Law constant for acetone was measured as 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) at 25 °C(1). This value indicates that acetone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as approximately 21 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as approximately 8.8 days(SRC). Volatilization rate constants of acetone measured in an experimental stream (234 m long, water velocity 0.67 m/min) were in the range of 8.23X10-4 min-1 to 11.1X10-4 min-1(3); these rate constants correspond to volatilization half-lives of about 10-14 hours(3). Similar experiments in the same stream measured acetone volatilization rate constants in the range of 6.22X10-4 min-1 to 14.5X10-4 min-1(4,5); these rate constants correspond to volatilization half-lives of about 8-18 hours(4,5). Acetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C(6).

GROUNDWATER: Acetone was detected in groundwater near a chemical manufacturing facility in Michigan at a maximum concentration of 1,600 ug/L(1). Acetone was detected in groundwater in NJ at a concentration of 3,000 ug/L(2). Acetone was detected at a concentration of 620 ppb in the groundwater at the Lipari landfill, NJ(3). Acetone was detected at a concentration of 11 ug/L in the on-site wells and 0.19 ug/L in the off-site groundwater near a manufacturing facility in MI(4). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in 12.4% of the groundwater sampled at 178 sites in the US(5) and in the groundwater of a waste disposal facility in SC(6). The average concentration of acetone in groundwater sampled at 5 wood treatment facilities was 20 ug/L(7). Acetone was detected in the groundwater of a coal strip-mine in Ohio at concentrations of 1,300 mg/L and 2,700 ug/L(8).

DRINKING WATER: Acetone was identified, not quantified, in 10 out of 10 drinking water samples collected in 10 cities in the US(1). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in the drinking water of New Orleans, LA(2), Seattle, WA(3) and Tuscaloosa, AL(4). Acetone was detected in a drinking water well in New Jersey at a concentration of 3,000 ppb(5). Six drinking water wells in the vicinity of a landfill contained 0.2 to 0.7 ppb of acetone(6). An unspecified concentration of acetone leached from a section of high density polyethylene tubing supplying drinking water in Paris(7). Acetone was detected in the municipal wells in Waite Park, MN at concentrations between 74-3,300 ug/L(8).

SURFACE WATER: Five of nine sites in Lake Michigan contained 1-4 ppb acetone(1). In a survey of 14 heavily industrialized river basins in the USA (204 samples), 33 contained detectable amounts of acetone including 18 of 31 sites in the Chicago area and the Illinois River basin, 8 of 30 sites in the Delaware River basin, 1 of 45 sites in the Mississippi River basin in AL and TX, 3 of 27 sites in the Ohio River basin, and 3 of 15 west coast sites(2). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in the Black River in Tuscaloosa, AL(3), and the Cuyahoga River in the Lake Erie basin(4). Acetone was detected in the Potomac River at a concentration of less than 40 ug/L(5). Acetone was commonly detected in surface water samples collected from various lakes in Poland(6).

SEAWATER: Samples of seawater and surface slicks taken from Biscayne Bay and the Florida Current contained 39.6 and 89.7 ppb of acetone, respectively(1). Grab samples of surface water from the Straits of Florida and the Eastern Mediterranean contained 20 and 28 ppb of acetone, respectively(2). Samples of ocean water taken at 1,200 m depths contained unspecified concentrations of acetone(2).

RAIN/SNOW: 50 ppb of acetone was detected in one of 6 samples tested at 5 cities in California(1). An unspecified concentration of acetone was detected in rain in Japan(2). Acetone/acrolein was detected in rainfall in Los Angeles, CA at a concentration of 0.05 ug/mL and in ice at Urban Fairbanks, AK at a concentration of 0.21 umols/mL(3). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in rainfall in Germany(4). Acetone was detected in the clouds (460 ng/L) and rainfall (0.5 ng/L) at a state park in North Carolina(5). Acetone was commonly detected in precipitation samples collected in Poland(6).

Acetone was detected in the effluent of a chemical plant located in Sweden at a concentration of 5.5 kg/cu m(1). Acetone was detected in the effluent of a municipal landfill in Quebec, Ontario at concentrations of 6,838 ppb and 32,500 ppb(2). Acetone was identified, not quantified in the emissions of new carpets(3), automobiles(4,5) and common household waste(6-9). Acetone was detected in the effluent from a solid waste composting plant at concentrations of 6,100 ug/cu m (tipping area), 7,800 ug/cu m (indoor air), 9,200 ug/cu m (fresh compost), 9,500 ug/cu m (middle age compost), 6,100 ug/cu m (old compost) and 2,300 ug/cu m (curing region)(10). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in the emissions of 314 out of 1,005 common household products(11). Acetone was detected in the effluent of a waste incinerator in Germany at a concentration of 17.6 ug/cu m(12). Acetone was detected in the emissions of a photocopying machine at rates of less than 100 ug/hr to 2,200 ug/hr(13). Acetone was detected at a concentration of 25 ug/cu m in the compost blower exhaust of a composting facility in Virginia(14). The emission rate of acetone was measured as 1.699 and 2.396 mg acetone emitted per km driven for vehicles classified as light duty and heavy duty, respectively(15). The average emission rate of acetone measured using 11 different vehicles was 1.19 mg acetone emitted per km driven for vehicles equipped with a catalytic converter and 42 mg acetone emitted per km driven for vehicles without catalytic converters(16). Acetone levels of 1.95-3.07 ng/L were detected in volatile emissions from dairy silage(17). Acetone emission factors of 5.6, 6.7 and 3.5 mg/kg were identified in exhaust from 1999, 2001 and 2006 light-duty gasoline vehicles, respectively, in San Francisco CA(18).

Acetone was detected in the leachate of several municipal landfills at concentrations between 6-4,400 ug/L(1). Acetone was detected in the wastewater of a truck parts producing plant in Michigan at a concentration of 44.5 ug/L(2). Acetone was detected in the effluent of an unauthorized hazardous waste disposal facility in New Jersey at a concentration of 480 ug/L(3). Acetone was detected at a concentration of 46.6 ppb in the leachate of a landfill in Delaware containing industrial and municipal waste(4). Acetone was detected at concentrations between 0.05-62 mg/L and 0.14-44 mg/L in the leachate of industrial landfills and municipal landfills in the US(5). Acetone was detected in the leachate of a landfill in Connecticut at a concentration of 3,500 ug/L(6). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in the leachate of a municipal landfill located in Norman, OK(7).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U002 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incineration: Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ACETONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1090; Acetone

IMO 3.0; Acetone

49 081 05; Acetone

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II