Thioglycolic Acid

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (96.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (96.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (11.2%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (44.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (16%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (82.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 313 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: If any of your laboratory personnel should inhale this chemical, remove them at once to open air and arrange for immediate transportation to a medical facility.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, food and feedstuffs and combustible substances. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.0 [ppm]

33 [ppm]

200 [ppm]

1 ppm (4 mg/m³)

TWA 1 ppm (4 mg/m3) [skin]

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

1.0 [ppm]

8 Hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

1 ppm as TWA; (skin); (DSEN).

1 ppm [2017]

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Thioglycolic acid:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Thioglycolic acid appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Density 1.325 g / cm3. Used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans. [Note: Olfactory fatigue may occur after short exposures.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS VISCOUS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans.

Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans. [Note: Olfactory fatigue may occur after short exposures.]

Colorless liquid

Clear, colorless liquid

Water-white liquid

Strong, unpleasant odor

ODOR HAS CHARACTERISTIC OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS

Strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans [Note: Olfactory fatigue may occur after short exposures].

Pungent /Anhydrous/

248 °F at 20 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

120 °C at 20 mm Hg

248 °F at 20 mmHg

2.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

-16.5 °C

235 °F (NTP, 1992)

126 °C, open cup

130 °C (Closed cup)

126 °C o.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Miscible with chloroform, benzene and many other organic solvents

Miscible with ethanol, and ethyl ether; slightly soluble in chloroform

Miscible with mono- and polyalcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but not with aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

1.3253 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3253 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.3

1.325 @25 °C

3.18 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.2

10 mmHg at 64 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.08 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 0.02 kPa at 30 °C

8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 18 °C: 1.3

10 mmHg at 64 °F

Readily oxidized by air. Water soluble.

Acids, Carboxylic

Sulfides, Organic

Air-Reactive

THIOGLYCOLIC ACID is readily oxidized by air (NTP, 1992). Reacts readily with other oxidizing agents as well in reactions that may generate toxic gases. Incompatible with diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials may generate heat and toxic and flammable gases. May react with acids to liberate hydrogen sulfide. Neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions. Reacts with cyanides, sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates to generate flammable and toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates.

Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids

They may react with water, steam, or acids to produce toxic and flammable vapors. ... They can react violently with powerful oxidizers such as Ca(OCl)2. /Mercaptans/

Air, strong oxidizers, bases, active metals (e.g., sodium potassium, magnesium, calcium) [Note: Readily oxidized by air.]

Based on the available data, the CIR Expert Panel concluded that ... Thioglycolic Acid is safe for use in hair straighteners, permanent waves, tonics, dressings, and so forth, wave sets, other non-coloring hair products, and hair dyes and colors, as described in this safety assessment, at concentrations up to 15.2% (as Thioglycolic Acid). Hairdressers should avoid skin contact and minimize consumer skin exposure. ... Thioglycolic Acid in depilatories is safe when formulated to be non-irritating under conditions of recommended use.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Mecracaptoacetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, thioglycolates, permanent wave solutions, depilatories, and as a vinyl stabilizer. It is a sensitive reagent for iron, molybdenum, silver, tin. Mercaptoacetic acid is also used as a hair waving agent. In addition it is used in hydraulic fracturing mixtures to prevent precipitation of metal oxides (iron control). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: An eczematous rash of the scalp, face & hands often results from contact with the thioglycolate of "cold wave" material used by hairdressers. This material has been reported to be absorbed in sufficient quantity to cause death. A lotion base containing 4.5% Thioglycolic Acid was applied to a 2 x 2-cm area of patients. Sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. None of the subjects had signs of inflammation. After a 12-hour interval, the lotion was applied to pubic, perineal, and scrotal regions, and sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. The lotion was not irritating to majority of the patients. Some patients complained of a hot sensation around the scrotum that lasted for only a few minutes. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is the active ingredient of permanent-waving solution (PWS). The effect of TGA-containing PWS on the health of a human population was evaluated in 3 substudies. Firstly, 57 female hairdressers exposed to TGA-containing PWS (cases) and 64 female schoolteachers (controls) were studied. Their menstruation state was evaluated with information obtained from interviews. The results revealed that the menoxenia rate in the cases was significantly higher than that in the controls. Secondly, 8 female hairdressers selected from those that participated in the above survey underwent a fluctuation test for the mutagenic activity of urine. Eight female medical students were chosen as controls. Difference in the mutagenic activity of urine on S. tiphymurium TA100 between the two groups was highly significant. Finally, a micronucleus assay was carried out on scalp hair follicle cells in healthy volunteers. Scalp hair with the follicle cell mass was sampled from 8 male and 8 female volunteers before permanent waving and at 24, 48 and 72 hr after waving. One thousand hair follicle cells were examined by light microscopy. The number of cells containing a micronucleus and the number of micronuclei in each cell was determined. The permillages of micronuclei in hair follicle cells before and after permanent waving were compared. Micronuclei presence reached its peak value 24 hr after permanent waving, which was significantly higher than that before waving. The rate decreased progressively after 24 hr. Thioglycolic acid was tested at concentrations of up to 300 ug/mL without metabolic activation and of up to 1000 ug/mL with metabolic activation in an in vitro chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes. Exposures were for 24 and 48 hours in absence of S9-mix and 2 hours in presence of S9-mix. Cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of 300 ug/plate without S9-mix and at and above 1000 ug/mL with S9-mix. Thioglycolic acid did not induce a biological relevant increase in the number of cells with structural chromosome aberrations compared to the untreated controls in this test. Small quantities of Thioglycolic Acid, as cysteine-thioglycolic acid mixed disulfide, have been identified in human urine via high-voltage paper electrophoresis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Thioglycolic Acid (5%) caused death in a monkey at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Rats receiving the 660 mg/kg dose of TGA dermally died within 24 hours, whereas none of the animals in the 330 mg/kg dose group died. The following effects of TGA have been reported: potentiation of bradykinin-induced contractions of guinea pig gut and uterus; inactivation of hypocalcemic activity of the salivary gland hormone, b-parotin; stimulation of guinea pig skin histidase activity; inhibition of thyroid iodinating enzyme system (in calf thyroid) in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-generating system; inhibition of uterine response to oxytocin in rats; diabetogenic effect in rats; reduction of rat hepatic succinoxidase activity; reduction of bovine antidiuretic factor activity; and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. The effects of TGA on oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in mice were studied by the method in vitro culture and IVF in mice oocyte. Results: The results showed that TGA could inhibit the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of mouse oocyte in vitro culture, but had no impact on GVBD in vivo. TGA could also inhibit the extruding of first polar baby and affect the quality and viability of mouse oocytes and reduce the fertilization rate of IVF and the oocytes number which were stimulated through superovulation. TGA might be hazardous to the meiotic maturation of mouse oocyte and might reduce the fertility of oocyte. That meant TGA had a reproductive toxicity to female mice to some extent. TGA was not mutagenic using S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 with or without metabolic activation. A sex-linked recessive lethal mutation test was used in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Thioglycolic Acid. The test solution was not mutagenic to any of the 309 X chromosomes tested. In vivo micronucleus testing of Thioglycolic Acid has been completed in the mouse, by oral and dermal routes of administration and no genotoxicity was found. Significant concentrations of dithioglycolate were detected in the urine of rats at 24 hr after injection. Only negligible concentrations of Thioglycolate were detected.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Abdominal cramps. Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; lacrimation (discharge of tears), corneal damage; skin burns, blisters; In Animals: lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); gasping respirations; convulsions

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 210 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat oral 114 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 70 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 242 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 138 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Quantum dots (QDs) are a novel class of inorganic fluorophores which are gaining widespread recognition as a result of their exceptional photophysical properties and their applications as a biomarker and in molecular biomedical imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity in mice exposed to CdSe quantum dots of average size 5.0 +/- 0.2 nm and CdSe doped with 1% cobalt ions of similar size. The quantum dots are surface modified using mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) in order to be biocompatible and water-soluble. The MAA-QDs were given to the mice orally at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg by weight of MAA-QDs. Bone marrow and liver samples were collected after two and seven days of treatment. The results indicated that after two days of treatment, the high dose of doped MAA-QDs was significantly able to induce DNA damage, formation of micronuclei (MNs), and generation of DNA adduct (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG). However, increasing DNA damage and the frequency of MNs formation as well as the generation of DNA adducts were observed with both the undoped MAA-QDs (2000 mg/kg) and doped MAA-QDs (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) after seven days of treatment. The results of /this/ study indicate that exposure to high doses of pure MAA-QDs or MAA-QDs doped with cobalt has the potential to cause indirect in vivo genetic damage, which may be attributed to free radical-induced oxidative stress in mice. /CdSe quantum dots surface modified with mercaptoacetic acid/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A lotion base containing 4.5% Thioglycolic Acid was applied to a 2 x 2-cm area on each of 45 patients. Sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. None of the subjects had signs of inflammation. After a 12-hour interval, the lotion was applied to pubic, perineal, and scrotal regions, and sites were rinsed 10 minutes later. The lotion was not irritating to 33 of the patients. Eleven patients complained of a hot sensation around the scrotum that lasted for only a few minutes.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A Thioglycolic Acid (4.5% wt/wt with pH of 12-12.5) containing spray or lotion was used for preoperative preparation of the scrotum and perineum of 45 patients. Of these, 33 patients had no irritation and 11 noted a ''hot'' feeling. Twenty-six patients had previously undergone the preoperative razor shaving and 85% of the patients preferred the Thioglycolic Acid containing preparations. Four patients did not prefer the Thioglycolic Acid containing preparations because they felt it was ''messy.'' Four patients had hair-bearing skin inlay urethroplasty (hair in the urethra) and placed Thioglycolic Acid containing preparations in the urethra for 10 to 30 minutes. These patients reported discomfort on voiding the bladder that lasted for 24 hours and caused some edema of mucosa in the navicular fossa. However, all evidence of discomfort disappeared by 36 hours and there were no systemic or late complication reactions reported.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ An eczematous rash of the scalp, face & hands often results from contact with the thioglycolate of "cold wave" material used by hairdressers. This material has been reported to be absorbed in sufficient quantity to cause death. /Thioglycolates/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Eye exposure to diluted solutions of low-molecular-weight organic acids caused conjunctival hyperemia, prompt pain and corneal injury. Ingestion produced spontaneous hemorrhaging, intravascular coagulation, gastrointestinal damage, and esophageal and pyloric stricture. Skin irritation occasionally occurred in professional hair dressers who may have been exposed to thioglycolate-containing products, but dermal toxicity was apparently relatively rare in home use.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Male rats that inhaled 620 ppm (at room temperature) or 8200 ppm (heated to 125 °C) thioglycolic acid for 7 hr showed no untoward effect during the exposure or during a 2-wk post exposure observation period.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are nanocrystals of unique composition and properties that have found many new commercial applications; ... The lab study was performed to determine the developmental and behavioral toxicities to zebrafish under continuous exposure to low concentrations of CdTe QDs (1-400 nM) coated with thioglycolic acid (TGA). The results show: (1) the 120 hr LC(50) of 185.9 nM, (2) the lower hatch rate and body length, more malformations, and less heart beat and swimming speed of the exposed zebrafish, (3) the brief burst and a higher basal swimming rate of the exposed zebrafish larvae during a rapid transition from light-to-dark, and (4) the vascular hyperplasia, vascular bifurcation, vascular crossing and turbulence of the exposed FLI-1 transgenic zebrafish larvae. /CdTe quantum dots coated with thioglycolic acid/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exptl exposure of rabbit eyes by application of 2 drops of ... 10% soln ... in water at pH 1.6, with no subsequent irrigation caused immediate pain, & epithelium turned gray within seconds. ... Conjunctiva were edematous ... two days later deeper portions of corneas were diffusely opaque. The conjunctiva were hyperemic & there was moderate discharge

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...a solution of [(35)S]Thioglycolic Acid (330 mg/kg) was applied to clipped skin of the backs of rats via inunction. Animals receiving the 660 mg/kg dose died (cause of death not stated) within 24 hours, whereas none of the animals in the 330 mg/kg dose group died.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; See the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of June 27, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of June 30, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=68-11-1]

Thioglycolic acid (CAS # 68-11-1) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in Wistar albino rats (5/sex/group) administered continuous whole-body exposures to measured concentrations of 0 (control), 0.068, 0.172, 0.338 and 0.582 mg/l for 4 hours. Despite respective atmospheric deviations during 4-hour exposures of 21, 48, 53 and 22%, study authors reported an LC50 of 0.21 mg/l with a standard error of 0.040 mg/l. Mortality occurred in treatment groups administered exposures to 0.172 mg/l (2/5M, 2/5F), 0.338 mg/l (3/5M, 4/5F) and 0.582 mg/l (5/5M, 5/5F). Clinical signs of irritative respiratory toxicity during exposures included partial closure of eyes, wetness about eyes and mouth, abnormal respiration, restlessness, and hunched posture. Abnormal respiration, brown-stained snout and jaws, and sensitivity to touch persisted from 3-13 days of 14-day observation in a dose-related manner. Transient reduced food and water consumption was noted in both male and female rats of 0.172 and 0.338 mg/l exposures, and transient (up to 3 days) reduced bodyweight gains reflected effects of increasing exposure levels. Upon necropsy of study lethalities, lungs were found congested and of increased weight relative to controls. Terminal necropsy of all surviving rats at all exposure concentrations revealed no macroscopic treatment-related changes in the lungs. Detailed microscopic evaluation of decedent rats and rats surviving 2-week recovery disclosed no treatment-related changes other than confirmed lung congestion among study lethalities of 0.172, 0.338 and 0.582 mg/l exposures.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static, 17 °C, pH 7.0-7.3, alkalinity 50-70 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7-8 mg/L; Concentration: 30000 ug/L for 96 hr /formulated product/

Mercaptoacetic acid's production and use as a chemical intermediate, as an ingredient in hair waving solutions and depilatories, and vinyl stabilizer may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in hydraulic fracturing will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase mercaptoacetic acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 hrs. Mercaptoacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, mercaptoacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.4. The pKa of mercaptoacetic acid is 3.55, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The pKa indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces and bioconcentration are not expected to be an important fate processes. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to mercaptoacetic acid may occur through inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where mercaptoacetic acid is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to mercaptoacetic acid via inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with consumer products containing mercaptoacetic acid. (SRC)

Mercaptoacetic acid's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fine and specialty chemicals in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors(1), a reagent for iron, manufacture of thioglycolates, as an ingredient in hair waving solutions and depilatories, and vinyl stabilizer(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydraulic fracturing to control metal oxide precipitation(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static, 17 °C, pH 7.0-7.3, alkalinity 50-70 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7-8 mg/L; Concentration: 30000 ug/L for 96 hr /formulated product/

Mercaptoacetic acid's production and use as a chemical intermediate, as an ingredient in hair waving solutions and depilatories, and vinyl stabilizer may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in hydraulic fracturing will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase mercaptoacetic acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 hrs. Mercaptoacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, mercaptoacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.4. The pKa of mercaptoacetic acid is 3.55, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The pKa indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces and bioconcentration are not expected to be an important fate processes. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to mercaptoacetic acid may occur through inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where mercaptoacetic acid is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to mercaptoacetic acid via inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with consumer products containing mercaptoacetic acid. (SRC)

Mercaptoacetic acid's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fine and specialty chemicals in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors(1), a reagent for iron, manufacture of thioglycolates, as an ingredient in hair waving solutions and depilatories, and vinyl stabilizer(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydraulic fracturing to control metal oxide precipitation(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that mercaptoacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of mercaptoacetic acid is 3.55(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 3.55(3) indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces and bioconcentration are not expected to be an important environmental fate processes(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), mercaptoacetic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 8.68X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase mercaptoacetic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Mercaptoacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Mercaptoacetic acid, present at 100 mg/L, reached 100% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI(1). After 34 days acclimation in a laboratory model river inoculated with synthetic wastewater, mercaptoacetic acid was observed to biodegrade following sequencing stages of adaptation(2). Closed Bottle tests using an activated sludge seed indicated 67% biodegradation of mercaptoacetic acid after 28 days(3). In 7 aerobic Closed Bottle screening tests using sewage and soil as inoculum, none reached the pass level of >60% BODT after 28 days; in 16 OECD screening tests 13% of the tests reached the pass level of >70% DOC following 28 days incubation in a sewage and soil inoculum; in 2 sets of aerobic Japanese MITI screening tests using activated sludge seeds, 6 out of 10 and 4 out of 10 reached the pass level of >60% BODT after 14 days incubation; in five Sturm CO2 Evolution screening tests using a sewage seed, 60% reached the pass level of >60% CO2; and in six Zahn-Wellens screening tests using an activated sludge seed 67% reached the pass level of >70% DOC removal(4). Mercaptoacetic acid was categorized as intermediate in biodegradability following respirometric tests using an activated sludge seed(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of mercaptoacetic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aqueous hydroxyl radical rate constants of 9X10+8, 3.6X10+9 and 6X10+9 L/mol-sec were determined for mercaptoacetic acid at pH 1(2-4); these values correspond to half-lives of 2.4 years, 220 and 130 days(SRC), respectively, at an aqueous hydroxyl radical concentration 1X10-17 mol/L(5). Mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6). Mercaptoacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A pKa of 3.55(1) indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of mercaptoacetic acid can be estimated to be 1.4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that mercaptoacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of mercaptoacetic acid is 3.55(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

A pKa of 3.55(1) indicates mercaptoacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Mercaptoacetic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.68X10-2 mm Hg(2).

Among the many chemicals used in a hair salon, exposure to thioglycolic acid (TGA) used for permanent waving solutions (PWS) potentially causes adverse health effects. However, no report has been previously published on the indoor air concentrations of TGA in a beauty salon that contributes to assessment of exposure to TGA of hairdressers and their customers. This study aimed to demonstrate the present concentration levels of TGA in indoor air of a beauty salon where the PWS containing ammonium thioglycolate was actually used for perm treatments. A field measurement of TGA, dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDGA, a reaction product of TGA and cysteine residues of hair keratin) and ammonia was carried out in a beauty salon located at Tokyo, Japan, from June 30 to July 2. Both TGA and DTDGA were collected in water using an impinger and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The indoor air concentrations of TGA were below the limit of detection of 0.008 mg/cu m at every event and much lower than occupational safety guideline levels set by the NIOSH and ACGIH. Meanwhile, the concentrations of ammonia ranged from 0.15 to 0.87 mg/cu m, and relatively higher concentrations were found during perm events and in samples collected near stations used for perm treatments. Concentrations of DTDGA varied from <0.026 mg/cu m to 0.75 mg/cu m.There was a different emission process of TGA and ammonia from PWS, and airborne TGA is not important as a possible exposure route for hairdressers and customers in this beauty salon.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of mercaptoacetic acid is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 30,055 workers (15,141 of these were female) were potentially exposed to mercaptoacetic acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to mercaptoacetic acid may occur through inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where mercaptoacetic acid is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to mercaptoacetic acid via inhalation of aerosols and dermal contact with consumer products containing mercaptoacetic acid(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1940; Thioglycolic acid

IMO 8; Thioglycolic acid

49 314 60; Thioglycolic acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 23/24/25-34; S: (1/2)-25-27-28-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II