Dinitrofluorobenzene

H301 (12%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (84%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (12%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (94%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (10%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (88%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (10%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (88%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H373 (88%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 50 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection. (NTP, 1992)

2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene appears as clear yellow crystals or yellow crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)

Pale yellow solid; [Merck Index] Yellow low melting crystalline solid; mp = 23-26 deg C; [MSDSonline]

Pale yellow crystals from ether

565 °F at 760 mmHg ; 352 °F at 25 mmHg ; 271 °F at 2 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

81.5 to 86.0 °F (NTP, 1992)

greater than 235 °F (NTP, 1992)

Flash point > 113 °C

0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL at 67.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in benzene, ether, propylene glycol

Soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in chloroform

In water, 400 mg/L at 25 °C

1.482 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 1.4718 g/cu cm at 54 °C

0.0024 [mmHg]

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/ & /fluorine/.

Index of refraction: 1.5690 at 20 °C

Chemical shift

Lineshape

Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitros, Aromatic

Slightly soluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Aryl Halides

Reacts with oxidizing agents (NTP, 1992). When air was admitted after vacuum evaporation of an ether peroxide solution, a violent explosion occurred. A halogenated aromatic nitro compound. Aromatic nitro compounds range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds are increased by the presence of multiple nitro groups.

Solutions in ether may explode when evaporated.

When air was admitted after vacuum evaporation of a (peroxidic) ether solution of the dinitro compound (5 g), a violent explosion occurred. Exploding ether peroxide may have initiated the dinitro compound.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

UV-IRRADIATION OF SKIN OR TOPICAL APPLICATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS CAN CREATE LOCAL MILIEU IN WHICH 2,4-DININTRO-1-FLUOROBENZENE CANNOT FUNCTION AS EFFECTIVE STIMULATOR OF CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY.

ANTIGENIC COMPETITION (DEPRESSED CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO PICRYL CHLORIDE) WAS INDUCED IN MICE BY PAINTING WITH DNFB (600 MUG) & BY IV, IP & ORAL ADMIN (600 MUG). ANTIGENIC COMPETITION ABOLISHED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (5 MG, IP) GIVEN 4 DAYS AFTER IV DNFB (0 TO 600 MUG) OR 4-ETHOXYMETHYLENE 2-PHENYLOXAZOLONE (0 TO 600 MUG), & BY THYMECTOMY 6 WK PRIOR TO INJECTION OF DNFB. THYMUS-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS MAY BE INVOLVED IN ANTIGENIC COMPETITION INDUCED BY IV DNFB. IV DNFB DID NOT INDUCE CONTACT SENSITIVITY IN NORMAL MICE, AS IT DID IN MICE PRETREATED WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 2 DAYS PRIOR TO INJECTION.

SUPPRESSOR T CELLS ACTING ON EFFERENT PHASE (TS-EFF) OF DINITROFLUOROBENZENE-CONTACT SENSITIVITY WERE INDUCED-IN BALB/C MICE BY INJECTION OF DINITROBENZENESULFONATE (DNBSO3) & SUBSEQUENT PAINTING (SENSITIZATION) WITH DNFB. TS-EFF CELLS RELEASED SUPPRESSOR FACTOR, ANTIGEN & STRAIN SPECIFIC, WHICH WAS ACTIVE IN VIVO IN SENSITIZED RECIPIENTS. ADMIN OF DNBSO3 ALONE GENERATED SUPPRESSOR T CELLS, WHICH ACTED ONLY ON AFFERENT PHASE (TS-EFF). SUPPRESSOR T CELLS COULD NOT BE DETECTED IN MICE PAINTED WITH DNFB & DESENSITIZED LATER BY INJECTION OF DNBSO3.

ANTIBODY MEDIATED & CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF OFFSPRING FROM NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS FED CONTROL CHOW OR CHOW CONTAINING 10, 100 OR 250 PPM OF AROCLOR 1248 (PCB) WERE ASSESSED. ONLY OFFSPRING FROM MOTHERS FED 250 PPM HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER CONTACT SENSITIVITY RESPONSE TO DNFB. THERE WAS NO DECR IN PLAQUE FORMING CELL RESPONSE TO SHEEP RED BLOOD CELLS (SRBC) OR SERUM ANTI-SRBC ANTIBODY TITERS AT ANY EXPOSURE LEVEL. SPLEEN & THYMUS DID NOT REVEAL ANY CHANGES IN CELLULARITY ASSOC WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; NOR DID PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DIFFER FROM CONTROLS.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...TESTED IN RABBITS & RATS AT NEAR-LETHAL DOSES FOR TOXIC EFFECTS ON FUNDUS OF EYE, BUT NONE...DETECTED OPHTHALMOSCOPICALLY OR HISTOLOGICALLY. SURVIVING RABBIT RETINA IS DAMAGED IN VITRO AT CONCN OF 0.05 MOLAR.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ SEVERAL GROUPS OF MICE (STRAINS SWISS, BALB/C OR C57BL/6) WERE ADMIN 1 TOPICAL DOSE OF 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE (DMBA, 125 UG). IN MICE ADMIN 5 TOPICAL DOSES/WK OF 0.1% 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (DNFB) IN ACETONE SOLN, SKIN TUMORS DEVELOPED IN ONLY 4 WK IN SOME CASES; AFTER 38 WK, THE TUMOR INCIDENCE WAS 70% (21/30 SWISS MICE). LOWER CONCN (0.03%) OF DNFB INDUCED TUMORS IN 38% OF 21 EVALUABLE DMBA-TREATED SWISS MICE. THE C57BL/6 MICE DEVELOPED FEWER TUMORS THAN THE SWISS OR BALB/C MICE AFTER TREATMENT WITH DMBA FOLLOWED BY EITHER DNFB OR CROTON OIL.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Dose-dependent mutagenicity demonstrated in ames test with samonella & was toxic at very high concn (100 nL/plate). Although, S9 metabolic activation fraction from rat liver blocked mutagenic activity of low concn & diminished toxicity, it did not affect mutagenicity at intermediate to high concn (approx 10-50 nL/plate).

/GENOTOXICITY/ /SRP: GENOTOXIC/ POTENTIAL UTILIZING VARIOUS METHODS AVAIL IN V-79 CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS WAS INVESTIGATED. EXPOSURE DID NOT RESULT IN ANY UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTH, NOR DID IT INCR FREQUENCY OF SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN V-79 CELLS IN PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF RAT LIVER POSTMITOCHONDRIAL SUPERNATANT (S-15). FORWARD MUTATIONS, EITHER TO OUABAIN OR 6-THIOGUANINE RESISTANCE, WERE NOT INDUCED IN PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF S-15. IT WAS ABLE TO INDUCE REVERSIONS IN METHIONINE-REQUIRING ESCHERICHIA COLI AUXOTROPHS IN DOSE-DEPENDENT FASHION & IT INHIBITED METABOLIC COOPERATION, IN DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER, IN V-79 CELLS. ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=70-34-8]

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use as an alkylating agent and reagent in elucidating amino acid sequence in proteins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg at deg 25 C indicates 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 420 days. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. If released to soil, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 575. Nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days, suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in the soil and water. If released into water, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use as an alkylating agent and reagent in elucidating amino acid sequence in proteins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4). Volatilization of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(4) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.83(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(7) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 420 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm(3) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(1) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 420 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene can be estimated to be 575(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is estimated as 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers (0 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used(SRC).

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use as an alkylating agent and reagent in elucidating amino acid sequence in proteins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg at deg 25 C indicates 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 420 days. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. If released to soil, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 575. Nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days, suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in the soil and water. If released into water, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use as an alkylating agent and reagent in elucidating amino acid sequence in proteins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4). Volatilization of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(4) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.83(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(7) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 420 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm(3) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(1) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 420 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene can be estimated to be 575(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is estimated as 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers (0 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1597; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid or solid

IMO 6.1; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid or solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.