1-Butanol

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (13 of 6636) of reports.

H226 (99.8%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (99.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (99.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (98.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (95.7%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 6636 reports by companies from 85 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 13 of 6636 reports by companies.

There are 84 notifications provided by 6623 of 6636 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, and P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Butyl alcohol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: carbon oxides...

Advice for firefighters: wear self contained breathing appartus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers

Suitable extinguishing media: use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Waste water treatment: Activated carbon: absorbability: 0.107 g/g C, 53% reduction, influent: 1,000 mg/L, effl: 466 mg/L; Reverse osmosis: 41.3% rejection from a 0.01 M soln; Stabilization pond design: toxicity correction factor: 2.0 at 4,000 mg/L influent; Anaerobic lagoon: 22 lb Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/day/1,000 cu ft: influent: 170 mg/L, effluent: 75 mg/L; 48 lb COD/day/1,000 cu ft: influent: 170 mg/L, effluent: 80 mg/L

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U031 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incineration: Incinerate by atomizing into a suitable combustion chamber.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing immediately if wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Clothing wet with liquid butyl alcohol should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of butyl alcohol from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the butyl alcohol, the person performing the operation should be informed of butyl alcohol's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid butyl alcohol should be removed immediately and not reworn until the butyl alcohol is removed from the clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and aluminium. Store only in original container. See Chemical Dangers.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

4784.0 [ppm]

100.0 [ppm]

60 [ppm]

800 [ppm]

8000** [ppm]

50 ppm (150 mg/m³)

C 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) [skin]

100 ppm (300 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) See Appendix G

1400 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1400.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is conservative, but the only data available on which to base the IDLH is the statement by Patty [1963] that Smyth [1956] found rats survived when exposed for 4 hours to 8,000 ppm. The IDLH for isobutyl alcohol is also 8,000 ppm. . . . Human data: It has been reported that corneal irritation was occasionally observed in workers exposed to 200 ppm [Sterner et al. 1949].

1400 ppm [Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

1400 ppm

1400 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 71363

20.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 20 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

20 ppm as TWA.

310 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness. If swallowed the substance easily enters the airways and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

N-butyl alcohol is a colorless liquid. Used in organic chemical synthesis, plasticizers, detergents, etc.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a strong, characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless, mobile liquid/vinous odour

Colorless liquid with a strong, characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor.

Colorless liquid

HARSH FUSEL ODOR WITH BANANA

Odor similar to amyl alcohol

Rancid, sweet

Strong characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor

BANANA, FUSEL TASTE

Dry, burning taste

5.00X10-1 ppm (taste detection in water, gas chromatically pure)

243.9 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

117.6 °C

117.7 °C

117.73 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-129 °F (USCG, 1999)

-88.6 °C

-89.8 °C

84 °F (USCG, 1999)

98 °F, 37 °C (closed cup)

Flash point: 28.89 degrees C, closed cup

29 °C c.c.

9 % (NIOSH, 2024)

For more Solubility (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In water, 68 g/L at 25 °C

In water, 6.32X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with many organic solvents

Very soluble in acetone; miscible with ethanol and ethyl ether

> 10% in benzene

63.2 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 7.7 (soluble)

miscible with alcohol, ether, organic solvents, 1 ml in 15 ml water

(in ethanol)

0.81 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8098 at 20 °C/4 °C

PERCENT IN SATURATED AIR 0.86 (25 °C); DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.01 (AIR= 1)

Liquid heat capacity = 0.566 BTU/lb-F at 75 °F; Liquid thermal conductivity = 1.028 BTU-inch/hr-sq ft-F at 75 °F; Saturated vapor density = 0.00145 lb/cu ft at 75 °F; Ideal gas heat capacity = 0.354 BTU/lb-F at 75 °F

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. May form explosive butyl hypochlorite by reacting with hypochlorous acid. May form butyl explosive butyl hypochlorite with chlorine.

Butanol, used as a solvent in an autoclave preparation at 100 °C, severely attacked the aluminum gasket, liberating hydrogen which caused a sharp rise in pressure. Other alcohols would behave similarly ... .

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion.

Strong oxidizers, strong mineral acids, alkali metals, halogens.

Strong oxidizers, strong mineral acids, alkali metals, halogens

1-Butanol

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

0-4 ppm in samples > 1 yr

Jarrell - CHAS

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION: n-Butyl Alcohol (BA) is an aliphatic alcohol with a rancid sweet odor, that is liquid at room temperature. n-Butyl Alcohol has numerous applications in the plastics and textile sector. It is ofen used as an industrial intermediate, converted into derivatives including butyl acetate and other butyl esters, which serve as solvents or monomer components in the production of artificial leather, textiles, safety glass, rubber cement, shellac, raincoats, photographic films, or perfumes. n-Butyl Alcohol can also be used directly as a solvent for paints, lacquers and varnishes, natural and synthetic resins, gums, vegetable oils, dyes and alkaloids. It is historically used as a solvent in nail care cosmetic products, and is also being used at low concentrations in eye makeup, personal hygiene, and shaving cosmetic products. n-Butyl Alcohol has been generally recognized as safe for use as a flavoring substance in food and appears on the 1982 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) list of inactive ingredients for approved prescription drug products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Human exposure to n-butyl alcohol may occur in the workplace during manufacture and industrial/commercial use, and during consumer use of products containing n-butyl alcohol. Workers complained of ocular irritation, disagreeable odor, slight headache and vertigo, slight irritation of nose and throat, and dermatitis of the fingers and hands when the air concentration of n-Butyl Alcohol was greater than 50 ppm. Short term inhalation of n-butanol also produces a variety of CNS effects, including giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, and possible coma. In high concentration in the air it can cause transient mild edema of conjunctiva of the eye, and a slightly reduced erythrocyte count. Inhalation toxicity studies in humans demonstrate sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract, but only at levels above 3000 mg/cu m. n-Butyl Alcohol ingestion may result in vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, drowsiness and unconsciousness. Nail enamel containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol resulted in no reactions. ANIMAL STUDIES: Animal studies demonstrate intoxication, restlessness, ataxia, prostration, and narcosis with exposure to n-butyl alcohol. High concentrations of n-Butyl Alcohol vapors can be fatal. Ocular irritation was observed for n-Butyl alcohol at 0.005 mL of a 40% solution. The behavioral no-effect dose for n-Butyl Alcohol injected subcutaneously (s.c.) was 120 mg/kg. Fetotoxicity has been demonstrated, but only at maternally toxic levels (1000 mg/kg). No significant behavioral or neurochemical effects were seen in offspring following either maternal or paternal exposure to 3000 or 6000 ppm. n-Butyl Alcohol was not mutagenic in the Ames tests and did not have any chromosome-damaging effects in a mouse micronucleus test. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: BA exhibits low toxicity to fish, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates, plants, algae, bacteria and protozoans. However, some algal species are sensitive to BA. Acute toxicity to aquatic life may occur at concentrations greater than 500 mg/L.

n-Butanol

1 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Listed as n-butanol

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human and no animal cancer data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

Redness. Pain. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Aspiration hazard! Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

irritation eyes, nose, throat; headache, dizziness, drowsiness; corneal inflammation, blurred vision, lacrimation (discharge of tears), photophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light); dermatitis; possible auditory nerve damage, hearing loss; central nervous system depression

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Chemical: N-BUTANOL

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 8,000 ppm/4H

LD50 rabbits 4.2 g/kg dermal.

LD50 rats 0.79 to 4.36 g/kg (single oral dose)

LC50 Rat inhalation 8000 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat iv 310 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The effects of combined exposure to m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol on rotarod performance and motor activity in rats and respiratory rate in mice were investigated in the condition of an acute inhalation experiment. Rotarod performance and motor activity were tested in rats exposed to various concentrations of m-xylene, n-butyl alcohol and their mixture consisting of 50 Vol-% m-xylene and 50 Vol-% n-butyl alcohol immediately after termination of a 4-hour exposure period. The respiratory rate in mice was recorded in short 6 min duration exposures to individual solvents and their 50:50 Vol-% mixture. Both solvents and mixtures caused concentration-dependent disturbances of rotarod performance in rats. The medial effective concentration (EC50) for the effect amounted 6530 ppm, 1980 ppm and 3080 ppm for n-butyl alcohol, m-xylene and their mixture, respectively. Both solvents and their mixture changed the spontaneous motor activity in the rat. Because of a two-phase effect, the concentration-dependence of the observed changes could not be defined. The evaluation of the combined effect in motor activity test was carried out by comparing experimental values with expected ones assuming the summation of individual solvent effects. The tested solvents resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in respiratory rate in mice. The concentration which decreased the respiratory rate to 50% (RD50) was 3010 ppm, 1360 ppm and 3140 ppm for n-butyl alcohol, m-xylene and their mixture, respectively...

The activity of partially purified human erythrocyte acid phosphatase (eapase) was enhanced 4-fold by n-butanol. The extent of human prostatic acid phosphatase (papase) activation by n-propanol was lower than that of eapase. Eapase & papase activation by aliphatic alcohols, including n-butanol was noncompetitive.

Potentiates bactericidal effects of alcohol, ethyl & alcohol, propyl.

Pretreatment with n-butanol (10 mmol/kg i.p.) 30 minutes before alloxan (100 mg/kg) protects mice from the permanent hyperglycemic effects (measured at 72 hours) of the diabetogenic agent. This dose of n-butanol caused an elevation of serum glucose at 30 minutes, the time of alloxan administration. Since glucose administration can protect animals from alloxan, the possibility that alcohol-induced hyperglycemia protected mice from alloxan was investigated. Mannoheptulose, an antagonist of glucose action at the pancreatic beta-cell, when given 24 minutes after n-butanol and 6 minutes before alloxan, eliminated the alcohol-induced protection. Fasted mice did not exhibit n-butanol-induced hyperglycemia at 30 minutes and alloxan given at that time produced diabetes. No protection was observed in fed animals when n-butanol was given 5 minutes before alloxan. The high serum levels of butanol and normal serum glucose which were observed at 5 minutes after alcohol administration indicated that the lack of protection was not due to a lack of circulating alcohol but resulted from an absence of hyperglycemia. The results indicate that pretreatment with n-butanol protects mice from alloxan-induced diabetes by the indirect mechanism of producing hyperglycemia at the time of alloxan administration.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... /skin, liver, kidney, eye, or chronic respiratory diseases central and peripheral nervous systems/ which might place the employee at increased risk from butyl alcohol exposure. ... Any employee developing the ... conditions should be referred for further medical exam.

Blood n-butanol concn should not exceed 0.08 mg/L during exposure at the threshold limit value of 50 ppm.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In this study, /researchers/ investigated the time course effect of sensory eye irritation in 16 subjects exposed (i.e., eye only) to n-butanol and 1-octene. Half the subjects were exposed to n-butanol, and the remaining subjects were exposed to 1-octene. Each subject was studied on 5 different days; during each day each subject was exposed in three runs (i.e., run 1, run 2, and run 3) to a constant concentration of either n-butanol or 1-octene. /They/ performed run 1 and run 3, both of which lasted 15 min each, to evaluate persistence in "sensitization." /Researchers/ performed run 2, which lasted 60 min, to study the time course of sensory irritation. Ratings of ocular irritation intensity were obtained continuously during all three runs. The exposure concentrations for n-butanol were 0 mg/cu m, 300 mg/cu m, 900 mg/cu m, and 3 000 mg/cu m, and the exposure concentrations for 1-octene were 0 mg/cu m, 6 000 mg/cu m, 10 400 mg/cu m, and 18 000 mg/cu m. During run 2, /researchers/ observed a slight increase in perceived eye irritation intensity for the lower concentrations of 1-octene and for all exposure concentrations of n-butanol. However, the threshold for irritation was clearly exceeded for only the 1-octene 10 400-mg/cu m and 18 000-mg/cu m exposures. During these two exposures, the response increased 10-fold following 20-40 min of exposure during run 2, after which the response remained constant. /The authors/ investigated the existence of persistence in "sensitization" by comparing intensity of responses between run 1 and run 3. Persistence in "sensitization" was apparent for only the 1-octene exposure.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Clinical testing of n-Butyl Alcohol for nonimmunological contact urticaria was negative in 105 subjects. Repeat-insult patch test (RIPT) studies of nail colors and enamels containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol in one study produced reactions on challenge, but further study linked significant positive reactions to another solvent. In other RIPT studies, only minimal reactions were reported. A photopatch test demonstrated that a nail enamel containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol resulted in no reactions.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Twelve subjects were exposed to 300 or 600 mg/cu M of n-butyl alcohol in inspired air during rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Exposure lasted 2 hr. The results were puzzling in view of the high blood/air partition coefficient for butyl alcohol. The arterial blood concentration was low. The concentration in the last part of the expired air, i.e., the ""alveolar'' concentration, was low. The quotient of ""alveolar'' concentration X 100/inspired concentration was low in relation to the low percentage uptake. However the high solubility of butyl alcohol in water may explain the results. Butyl alcohol was probably partially taken up in the water of the dead space mucous membranes during inspiration. It was then partially released from the membranes. Therefore the concentration of butyl alcohol in the last part of expiration was probably not the same as the concentration in the alveolar air.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Volunteers exposed to n-butanol for 2 hr at air concn of 100 and 200 ppm developed blood concn that never exceeded 1.0 mg/L, whether at rest or during excercise. Exposure to an air concn of 50 ppm for 2 hr resulted in blood levels less than 0.08 mg/l.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) /4-8 wk juvenile, length 1.1-3.1 cm, Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-22 °C, dissolved oxygen >4.0 mg/L/; Concentration: 1940 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, 96 hr /formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: /freshwater, static/; Concentration: 2337 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: lost ability to swim

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: /freshwater, static/; Concentration: 1983 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: lost ability to swim

EC50; Species: Enteromorpha intestinalis (Green Algae); Conditions: saltwater, static, 15 °C; Concentration: 135 mM for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, decreased neutral red uptake /95-99.8% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ BA exhibits low toxicity to fish, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates, plants, algae, bacteria and protozoans. However, some algal species are sensitive to BA. Acute toxicity to aquatic life may occur at concentrations greater than 500 mg/L.

/PLANTS/ N-propanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol at 1x10-4 molar promoted cell elongation and increased total growth of wheat roots grown in white light; higher concentration inhibited meristematic activity.

7.80e+03

1.20e+05

2.00e+03

8.0E+01(G)

4.10e-01

1.00e-01

Volatile

7.64e+03

2.30e+04

3.50e+05

5.90e+03

8.0E+01 (G)

n-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent in surface coatings, varnishes, resins, waxes and gums and in the manufacture of various butyl compounds may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Butyl alcohol occurs as a product of fermentation of carbohydrates in alcoholic beverages and has been detected in the volatiles of various foods. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-butyl alcohol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl alcohol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 45 hours. n-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 3.2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.81X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. n-Butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The biodegradation half-life of n-butyl alcohol in a sub-surface soil was approximately 7 days. n-Butyl alcohol biodegrades rapidly in screening tests using a sewage or activated sludge inoculum and is considered readily biodegradable. If released into water, n-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 and 29 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. In a river die-away test, n-butyl alcohol achieved 33% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days, suggesting biodegradation will be an important fate process in water. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-butyl alcohol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population is exposed to n-butyl alcohol through the ingestion of foods that contain this compound, inhalation of ambient air and exposure to consumer products that contain n-butyl alcohol. (SRC)

n-Butyl alcohol occurs as a product of fermentation of carbohydrates in alcoholic beverages and has been detected in the volatiles of various foods such as cheese, heat-treated milk, muskmelon, and cooked rice(1). It has been reported in camomile, apples, and mulberry(2).

Reported present in peppermint oil from Brazil, Achillea ageratum /Sweet yarrow, Asteraceae/, tea, and in apple aroma.

n-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent in surface coatings, varnishes, resins, waxes and gums and in the manufacture of various butyl compounds(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 3.2(2) indicates that n-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-butyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.81X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). n-Butyl alcohol biodegrades rapidly in screening tests using a sewage or activated sludge inoculum and is considered readily biodegradable(5). The biodegradation half-life of n-butyl alcohol in a sub-surface soil from Blacksburg, VA was approximately 7 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 3.2(2) indicates that n-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.81X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 and 29, days respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). n-Butyl alcohol biodegrades rapidly in screening tests using a sewage or activated sludge inoculum and is considered readily biodegradable(8). In a river die-away test, n-butyl alcohol achieved 33% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days(9), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-butyl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 45 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: n-Butyl alcohol biodegrades rapidly in screening tests using a sewage or activated sludge inoculum and is considered readily biodegradable(1). n-Butyl alcohol reached 66% of its theoretical BOD in a sewage sludge during a 5 day incubation period(2) and 33% of its theoretical BOD using an inoculum from polluted surface water(3). The first-order rate constant for the degradation of n-butyl alcohol in soils was reported as 2X10-6 sec-1(4); this corresponds to a half-life of approximately 4 days(SRC). The first-order biodegradation rate constant of n-butyl alcohol in an activated sludge inoculum was reported as 9.59X10-3 per hour(5); this corresponds to a half-life of about 3 days(SRC). The biodegradation half-life of n-butyl alcohol in a sub-surface soil from Blacksburg, VA was approximately 7 days(6). The biodegradation half-life of n-butyl alcohol in a basic sandy silt loam from Texas was reported as 1 day and the half-life of n-butyl alcohol in an acidic sandy loam from Mississippi was reported as 8.5 days(7). A 20 day BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) test was conducted using unacclimated settled domestic wastewater as the microbial seed (3 mL/BOD bottle)(1); the results showed a BOD5 of 68% ThOD (percent of theoretical oxygen demand), a BOD10 of 87% ThOD, a BOD15 of 92% ThOD, and a BOD20 of 92% ThOD(1). n-Butyl alcohol, present at 100 mg/L, reached >60% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(8).

AEROBIC: Thirty-eight process wastewaters and 37 organic substances identified in the wastewater of the Kashima (Japan) petrochemical complex were subjected to the activated sludge degradability test. The test used the activated sludge of the Fukashiba (Japan) industrial wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized to the wastewater and organic substances. Water in the test container was sampled during aeration at 0 hr and 24 hrs later. After 1 day of acclimation, 100 mg/l of n-butyl alcohol resulted in a chemical oxygen demand of 82% and 93% total organic carbon(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-butyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 8.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 45 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solutions is 4.2X10+9 L/mol-sec(3); this corresponds to an aquatic half-life of 191 days at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per liter(4). n-Butyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5). n-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for n-butyl alcohol(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The measured Koc of n-butyl alcohol is reported as 3.2(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that n-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-butyl alcohol is 8.81X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-butanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.7 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). n-Butyl alcohol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: n-Butyl alcohol was detected in surface water from Tatsuno City, Japan at 318 ppb(1). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, but not quantified, in water samples from Lake Ontario(2).

Effluents from an unidentified petrochemical company contained about 16.0 mg/L n-butyl alcohol and discharged approximately 90 lbs n-butyl alcohol/day(1). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of furniture coatings(2). n-Butyl alcohol was detected at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 238 mg/cu m in landfill gas from 7 waste disposal sites in the United Kingdom(3). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of common garden waste(4). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of landfill compost(5).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Outdoor air samples collected near new house construction in Melbourne, Australia was <0.5 ug/cu m(1). n-Butyl alcohol was detected (detection limit of 0.06 ug/cu m) in outdoor air samples at 7 of 74 homes in Ottawa, Canada during winter 2002-2003 monitoring at a concentration range of 0.06-0.80 ug/cu m (mean concentration of 0.09 ug/cu m)(2).

INDOOR AIR: n-Butyl alcohol was detected at a school (indoor air) in Denmark at an average concentration of 7 ug/cu m(1). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the indoor air of homes where a Swedish oil floor finish called "Glitsa" was recently applied(2). n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in 29 air samples from printing shops and 18 painting shops in Belgium(3). The geometric mean air concentration of n-butyl alcohol in 4 new manufactured houses and 7 new site-built houses was 3.2 and 12.8 ppb respectively(4). n-Butyl alcohol concentrations ranged from <0.5 to 32 ug/cu m in the living room and bedroom areas of new homes in Melbourne, Australia with the highest levels on day 2 after construction and falling to <0.5 ug/cu m on day 246(5); outdoor air levels of n-butyl alcohol were <0.5 ug/cu m from day 2 to day 246(5). n-Butyl alcohol was detected (detection limit of 0.06 ug/cu m) in indoor air samples at 59 of 75 homes in Ottawa, Canada during winter 2002-2003 monitoring at a concentration range of 0.06-139.66 ug/cu m (mean concentration of 4.25 ug/cu m)(6). The geometric mean air concentration of n-butyl alcohol in 4 new manufactured houses and 7 new site-built houses was 3.2 and 12.8 ppb respectively(7).

SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Butyl alcohol was detected at mean concentrations of less than 0.2 ppb and 1.63 ppb in 2 industrial sites in Boston, MA and Houston, TX, respectively(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in forest air in the Southern Black Forest of Germany(1). n-Butyl alcohol was detected in the air of Tucson, AZ at a mean concentration of 5.7 ppb (February-September, 1982) and two rural sites 40 km away at a mean concentration of 3.7 ppb (August-September, 1982)(2). The compound was detected in air from Point Barrows, AK at a concentration range of 103 to 1348 ug/cu m, presumably from teh fermentation of tundra cover(3).

n-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of roasted filberts(1), raw beef(2), Frankfurter sausages(3) and roasted almonds(4). n-Butyl alcohol was detected in soybeans at concentrations of 199.9 to 1,586.2 ug/kg(5). The volatile emission rate of n-butanol from Bisbee apples harvested from the state of Washington was 8.6 to 35.1 picoliters/kg-hr(6). n-Butyl alcohol was detected in the volatile components of fish sauce(7). n-Butyl alcohol occurs as a product of fermentation of carbohydrates in alcoholic beverages and has been detected in the volatiles of various foods such as cheese, heat-treated milk, muskmelon, and cooked rice(8). n-Butyl alcohol has been qualitatively detected in beer, whiskey, grape and apple brandies and hop volatiles(9).

Plants containing n-butyl alcohol(1).[Table#76]

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U031 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incineration: Incinerate by atomizing into a suitable combustion chamber.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Butanols; ID: 1120/

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Butanols; ID: 1120/

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Butanols; ID: 1120/

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butanols; ID: 1120/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1120; Butanols

IMO 3; Butanols

49 091 17; Butyl alcohol

49 091 17; n-butyl alcohol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III