endrin

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (17.9%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (82.1%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P308+P316, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P308+P316, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Note: Symptoms usually appear between 20 minutes and 12 hours after exposure.

Signs and Symptoms of Endrin Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to endrin may be severe and include headache, dizziness, deafness, agitation, nervousness, tremors, frothing of the mouth, seizures, and coma. Convulsive episodes may alternate with periods of severe central nervous system depression. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common. Hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart beating) may be noted. Respiratory depression may lead to respiratory arrest. Contact with the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes may result in redness and irritation. Victims often have an elevated temperature.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to endrin may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to endrin.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to endrin.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times. Wash initially with soap and water, follow with an alcohol wash, then again with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of endrin is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of endrin may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, water spray for solution. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fire extinguishing agents: dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide

Fire Fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. COLLECT SPILLED MATERIAL IN MOST CONVENIENT & SAFE MANNER & DEPOSIT IN SEALED CONTAINERS FOR RECLAMATION. LIQUID CONTAINING ENDRIN SHOULD BE ABSORBED IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH.

Environmental consideration: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid, or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Technical report of the applicability of carbon to remove toxicants on EPA's published list and fish kill due to influent and effluent from five industrial plants currently using adsorption as a treatment method are examined. In the laboratory, activated carbon can achieve levels of less than 1 mg/l of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, toxaphene, and aroclors 1242 and 1254. In operating plants, the toxicity of wastes to fish due /to/ unknown constituents is significantly reduced or totally removed by activated carbon treatment.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P051; D012, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

The reductive dechlorination of dieldrin and endrin was investigated as a possible procedure for field disposal of small quantities of these pesticides. The objective was to convert the parent compounds to environmentally less objectionable materials. Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of the pesticides in a soil slurry were mixed with powdered zinc, dilute acetic acid, and acetone to facilitate reaction. Analysis of the mixtures by GC-MS indicated essentially complete conversion of endrin and partial conversion of dieldrin to products probably formed by replacement of the bridge anti-chlorines with hydrogen.

Potential candidate for incineration by liquid injection with a temperature range of 650-1600 °C with a residence time of 0.1-2 sec. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820-1600 °C with a residence time for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: hours.

Employees should wash immediately when skin is wet or contaminated. Work clothing should be changed daily if it is possible that clothing is contaminated. ... Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with endrin should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of endrin from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the endrin, the person performing the operation should be informed of endrin's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with endrin should be removed immediately and not reworn until the endrin is removed from the clothing.

Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees' body to endrin or liquids containing endrin, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees' eyes to endrin or liquids containing endrin, an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure levels. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respirator protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ENDRIN (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.080 [mg/m3]

20 [mg/m3]

2000 [mg/m3]

0.1 mg/m³

TWA 0.1 mg/m3 [skin]

0.1 [mg/m3]

2 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

2.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: An oral dose of 171 mg/kg has been reported to be lethal [Runhaar et al. 1985]. It has also been reported that the approximate oral dose producing convulsions is about 0.2 mg/kg [Hayes 1982]. [Note: Oral doses of 171 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg are equivalent to a 70­kg worker being exposed to about 8,000 mg/m3 or 9 mg/m3, respectively, for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]

2 mg/cu m

See: 72208

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

0.1 mg/m

0.1 mg/m³ [1979]

(inhalable fraction): 0.05 mg/m

Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in convulsions and death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Endrin:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Respirator for spray, fog, dust; Rubber gloves, and boots.

Particulate Concentration: 1 mg/cu m or less: Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) dust and mist filter(s) including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or any supplied-air respirator, or any self-contained breathing apparatus. 5 mg/cu m or less: A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece, organic vapor cartridge(s), and dust and mist filter(s), including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or a gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and dust and mist filter, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood, or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. 100 mg/cu m or less: A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and high efficiency particulate filter, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or a type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode. 200 mg/cu m or less: A type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood operated in continuous-flow mode. Greater than 200 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode, or a combination respirator which includes a type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, or any escape self-contained breathing apparatus.

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-in minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with endrin or liquids containing endrin.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ENDRIN (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 1 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any air-purifying half-mask respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with an N95, R95, or P95 filter. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

Endrin is a white crystalline, odorless solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. It is water emulsifiable. It is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. When heated or burned it may emit toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene. It is used as a pesticide.

Colorless to tan, crystalline solid with a mild, chemical odor. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

WHITE CRYSTALS.

Colorless to tan, crystalline solid with a mild, chemical odor.

Colorless to tan, crystalline solid with a mild, chemical odor. [insecticide]

WHITE, CRYSTALLINE SOLID

Colorless to tan, crystalline solid ...

Odorless

... Mild, chemical odor.

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

245 °C (decomposes)

Decomposes

Decomposes at 473 °F. (EPA, 1998)

Approximately 200 °C (rearranges above that point)

473 °F (decomposes)

392 °F (Decomposes)

Commercial product may contain flammable liquid with flashpoint 80F. (EPA, 1998)

80 °F (commercial product may contain flammable liquid)

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Solubility in g/100 ml solvent at 25 °C: acetone 17, benzene 13.8, carbon tetrachloride 3.3, hexane 7.1, and xylene 18.3

In water, 0.25 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility of endrin in fresh water: 200 ug/l.

Insol in methanol

Solubility in water at 25 °C: none

Insoluble

1.7 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

Specific gravity 1.7 @ 20 °C.

1.7 g/cm³

1.7 @ 20°C

2e-07 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.000003 [mmHg]

3X10-6 mm Hg @ 20 °C

Vapor pressure at 25 °C: negligible

log Kow= 5.20

Henry's Law constant = 6.36X10-6 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

Endrin is stable in the presence of most alkalis but rearranges to delta-keto endrin in the presence of strong acids, in sunlight and when heated.

Highly unstable to acids and acidic /compounds/.

Decomposes above 200 °C.

Slightly corrosive to metals

1.80x10-2 ppm (perfume/flavor grade purity).

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Epoxides

While a mixture of parathion and ENDRIN was being blended into a petroleum solvent, an exothermic reaction occurred that caused some of the petroleum solvent to vaporize. The solvent-vapor-air mixture exploded. The mechanical agitation possibly initiated the exothermic reaction, Doyle(1973). Toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene may be generated when solution burns. Avoid strong oxidizers, strong acids and parathion. [EPA, 1998].

/Endrin/ has reacted violently with parathion.

Strong oxidizers, strong acids, parathion [Note: May emit hydrogen chloride & phosgene when heated or burned].

While a mixture of parathion and endrin were being blended into a petroleum solvent an exothermic reaction occurred which caused some of the solvent to vaporize. The solvent vapor-air mixture exploded. Overheating, possibly caused by mechanical agitation, started the exothermic reaction.

Strong oxidizers, strong acids, parathion [Note: May emit hydrogen chloride & phosgene when heated or burned.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (T10, L112)

3 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Oral administration of endrin did not produce carcinogenic effects in either sex of two strains of mice. An NCI bioassay was suggestive of responses in male and female rats although NCI reported a no evidence conclusion. The inadequacies of the several bioassays call into question the strength of the reported negative findings. These inadequacies and the suggestive responses in the NCI bioassay do not support a Group E classification; rather a Group D classification best reflects the equivocal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate.

No data are available in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 5: (1974) Some Organochlorine Pesticides

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

TR-012: Bioassay of Endrin for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 72-20-8) (1979 )

08/31/78

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, endrin was not carcinogenic for Osborne-Mendel rats or for B6C3F1 mice.

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (T10, L112)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L111)

See Ingestion.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Ingestion.

Dizziness. Weakness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Convulsions.

epileptiform convulsions; stupor, headache, dizziness; abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting; insomnia; aggressiveness, confusion; drowsiness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); anorexia; In Animals: liver damage

Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (L112)

Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)

central nervous system, liver

Chemical: ENDRIN

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Organochlorine

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

FAO/WHO ADI: 0.0002 mg/kg

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for Endrin

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

LD50: 3 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 12 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Guinea pig male oral 36 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig female oral 16 mg/kg

EC50 SIMOCEPHALUS SERRULATUS LIZATION 45 UG/L/48 HR @ 21 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 35-58 UG/L), FIRST INSTAR STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L. UG/L), FIRST INSTAR STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L. $o /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 99%/

EC50 DAPHNIA MAGNA (DAPHNID) 4.2 UG/L/48 HR @ 21 °C, FIRST INSTAR STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L. /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 99%/

EC50 DAPHNIA PULEX (DAPHNID) 20 UG/L/48 HR @ 15 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 13-30 UG/L), FIRST INSTAR STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L. /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 99%/

EC50 CYPRIDOPSIS VIUDA (SEED SHRIMP) 1.8 UG/L/48 HR @ 21 °C, MATURE STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L. /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 99%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ENDRIN (44 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.90e+01

2.50e+02

2.30e+00

2.00e+00

9.20e-02

8.10e-02

3.00e-04

Volatile

5.70e+01

7.40e+02

6.90e+00

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees, birds and mammals. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it is persistent. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish and seafood. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Endrin's former production and use as an insecticide, rodenticide and avicide has resulted in its widespread environmental release. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates endrin will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase endrin will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days. Endrin will also photodegrade to ketoendrin with an isomerization half-life of about 7 days. Particulate-phase endrin will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, endrin is expected to have no mobility based upon an average Koc value of 11,420. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole; however, adsorption may attenuate this process. The volatilization half-life of endrin from a sugarcane soil was reported as 63 days. Endrin is generally considered recalcitrant, with a reported half-life of about 4 to 8 years in soils. If released into water, endrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the Koc data. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be severely attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 89 days, respectively if adsorption is neglected. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 13 years when adsorption is considered. Biodegradation of endrin in water is expected to be very slow. Less than 20% degradation occurred for endrin in canal water over a 16 week incubation period. The hydrolysis rate of endrin is very slow, with an estimated half-life of 12.8 years at pH 7. BCF values of 4,860 to 14,500 measured in fish, suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Although endrin is no longer registered for agricultural use in the US, the general population continues to be exposed to this compound due to its long persistence time. Oral ingestion of food is the primary source of exposure for the general population. Ingestion of contaminated drinking water, inhalation of contaminated air and dermal contact with contaminated soil surfaces are also possible routes of human exposure. (SRC)

Endrin's former(3) production and use as an insecticide, rodenticide and avicide(1,2) has resulted in its widespread environmental release(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 11,420(2), indicates that endrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of endrin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). The volatilization half-life of endrin from a sugarcane soil was reported as 63 days(4). The half-life of endrin in soil has been reported to range from 4 to 8 years(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 11,420(2) indicates that endrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be severely attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 89 days, respectively if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 13 years when adsorption is considered(5). The volatilization half-life of endrin in laboratory experiments using distilled water was reported as 5.33 days(6). The hydrolysis rate of endrin is very slow, with an estimated half-life of 12.8 years at pH 7(7). Less than 20% degradation of endrin was observed when it was incubated in water obtained from a drainage canal in Ontario, Canada over 16 weeks(2), suggesting biodegradation in water is very slow. According to a classification scheme(8), BCF values of 4,860 to 14,500(9) measured in fish, suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), endrin, which has a vapor pressure of 3X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase endrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 2 days(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 9.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Endrin will also undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere(4). Endrin exposed to sunlight for 12 days in glass panchets isomerized to ketoendrin in yields of 30% in October and 65% in June(4). The isomerization half-life was reported as 7 days for June(4). Particulate-phase endrin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

AEROBIC: Endrin appears to be resistant to biodegradation in natural waters and most soils. Greater than 80% of endrin was recovered from sterilized and unsterilized natural water (drainage canal of Holland Marsh, Ontario, Canada) and distilled water after 16 weeks(1). No degradation of endrin observed - Little Miami River water, 8 weeks(2). Soil biodegradation half-lives of approximately 4 to 8 years(3) and 14 yrs(4) or more(5) have been reported. Considerable degradation (51% - 4 days in Rutledge sand to essentially 100% in Magnolia sandy loam) has been reported(6); however, biodegradation was not conclusively proven to be the degradation route nor were the products identified(6). After 2 months endrin recovery in flooded (anaerobic) Casiguran soil was only 8.4% while 88.24% was recovered in the upland (aerobic) soil(7); endrin persisted in all other soils for 2 months(7). Endrin, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0 percent of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(10). The half-life for endrin in soil under aerobic conditions was reported as 4,300 days(11). ANAEROBIC: Anaerobic conditions apparently stimulate biodegradation of endrin, although it remains persistent(8). The half-life in thick anaerobic sewage sludge is 5-14 days with 4 unidentified products observed(9).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of endrin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Endrin applied to bean leaves and exposed to sunlight for 1 hour was 1.8% photodecomposed(2). Endrin exposed to sunlight for 12 days in glass panchets isomerized to ketoendrin in yields of 30% in October and 65% in June(3). The isomerization half-life was reported as 7 days for June(3). An acid-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.017 L/mol-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(4); this corresponds to a half-life of 12.8 years at pH 7(4).

STONEFLIES CONCENTRATED ENDRIN 1150 TIMES ABOVE TEST WATER LEVEL; SNAILS 8600 TIMES.

Microcystis aeruginosa (alga) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 200 after 7 days. Anabaena cylindrica (alga) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 222 after 7 days. Scenedesmus quadricauda (alga) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 156 after 7 days. Oedogonium sp (alga) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 140 after 7 days.

American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 1670-2780 after 7 days.

Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) exhibited a bioconcentration factor of 7000 after 300 days.

For more Environmental Bioconcentration (Complete) data for ENDRIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The average Koc value of endrin in 4 soils was calculated as 11,420(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that endrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for endrin is 6.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that endrin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be severely attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 89 days if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 13 years when adsorption is considered(3). Endrin's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur; however adsorption is expected to attenuate this process(SRC). The volatilization half-life of endrin from a sugarcane soil was reported as 63 days(4). The volatilization half-life of endrin in laboratory experiments using distilled water was reported as 5.33 days(5).

DRINKING WATER: Endrin has been detected in 3 New Orleans, LA finished drinking waters at 4-8 parts per trillion(1) and in Ottawa, Canada tap water at <13 parts per trillion(2). Drinking water from Franklin, LA - 1961-1962 (area of high endrin use) contained a maximum of 23 parts per trillion(3). Endrin was detected in California drinking water at a max concn of 0.2 ug/l(4). Endrin was detected in drinking water in Athens, Greece at a mean concn of 0.001 ug/l(5).

GROUNDWATER: Endrin was detected in groundwater in New Jersey, 1977-79, in 114 of 1,076 samples at a max concn of 0.2 ppb(1). Endrin was identified, not quantified in 1 or more of 54 wells in California(2) and 1 or more of 40 wells in New Jersey(3).

SURFACE WATER: Endrin was detected in major river basins (1957-65) in 278 out of 732 samples at concns of 7-149 parts per trillion(1). Endrin was detected in 69 out of 529 surface water samples in the US at concns of 0.086-0.133 ppb(2). Endrin was detected in out of 20 western US streams (1964-1968), at concns of 0.01-0.03 ppb(3) and in 33 out of 333 samples (1968-71) at concns of 0.01-0.07 ppb(4). Endrin was detected in 7 out of 114 water samples from streams in the western US (1965) at 5-40 parts per trillion(5). Endrin was detected at a max concn of 0.094 ppb in streams sampled in the US(6). Endrin was detected in Habitant Creek, Nova Scotia, Canada at a median concn of 0.04 ppb(7) and in Tule Lake, CA at concns of 7-100 parts per trillion(8). Endrin was detected in 1 of 3 lakes in northeast Louisiana at an avg concn of 6 parts per trillion(9) and Bayou Yokely, LA at an avg concn of 130 parts per trillion(10). Endrin was detected in agricultural water samples in Thailand at concns of 0.003-0.011 ug/l in 1997(11). Endrin was detected at concns of < 0.3 to 67 ng/l in the Missouri River(12).

SEAWATER: Endrin was detected in a Dutch estuarian mixing area, June 1974, 5 to 60 parts per trillion, Dec 1974, 2 to 8 parts per trillion and in Dutch coastal waters, June 1979, <0.01 to 0.3 parts per trillion(1).

RAIN WATER: Endrin was detected in 92 out of 244 rainwater samples from 12 locations across Canada, at a max concn of 10 ppb(1).

Endrin was not detected in 51 catchments of runoff in 19 US cities, 1977-82(1). Endrin was detected in industrial raw wastewater, from 5 to 10 ppb(2). Irrigation drainwater in Oklahoma contained endrin at concns of 28-110 ng/l(3).

SEDIMENT: Endrin was detected in sediment from Bayou Yokely, LA, at concns of 65 to 165 ppb(1) and in sediment from Habitant Creek, Nova Scotia, Canada, Fall 1972, at concns of 0.145-0.309 ppb(2). Endrin was detected in sediment from a lake in northeast Louisiana at <1 ppb. Endrin was detected in 1 out of 13 rivers sampled in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia at a concn of 4 ppb(1972) and 4.8 ppb (1976)(4). Endrin was detected in Salt Marsh, James Bay, Canada at a concn of <1 ppb(5). Endrin was detected in sediment off the coast of the Dominican Republic at concns of 0.01 and 0.06 ng/g(6). Combined aldrin, endrin and dieldrin was detected in sediment from the Chetumal Bay, Mexico at concns of 0.01 to 0.53 ng/g(7). Endrin was detected in sediment from a suburban area of South Carolina at a concn of 0.011 mg/kg(8).

SOIL: Endrin was detected in 27 out of 1,506 cropland sites in the US, (fiscal year 1970) at concns of 0.01-0.90 parts per trillion(1), 13 out of 1,486 sites (1971) at concns of <0.02 ppm to 1 ppm(2), 10 out of 1,483 sites (1972)at a max concn of 2.13 ppm max(3). Endrin was detected in soil from 5 metropolitan areas in the US (1971) at concns of less than <0.01 ppm(4). Endrin was detected in rice growing soils in the US at a max concn of 0.17 ppm(5) and in soils at US Air Force bases at a max concn of 10 ppb max(6). Endrin was detected in farms from southwestern Ontario, Canada at an avg concn of 0.89 ppm from 1964-1969(7). Endrin was detected in soils from Bayou Yokely, LA at concns of 425 to 1,450 ppb(8) and Kitakyushu, Japan at 16 ppb to 629 ppb(9). Endrin was detected in 2 out of 50 soil samples from Colorado in 1967 at trace levels(10). Endrin was detected in soil samples from agricultural areas of Thailand at concns of 0.008-0.226 ug/kg(11).

Mean airborne conc US, 1970-71 for endrin were reported as 0.2 ng/cu m and the max concn was 19.2 ng/cu m(1). SUBURBAN: The mean concn of endrin in Jackson, MS, 1970-71 was 0.1 ng/cu m and the max concn was 2 ng/cu m(2). Endrin was detected in 1 of 9 samples from Columbia, SC at a concn of 0.2 ng/cu m and was not detected in air from Boston, MA(3). INDUSTRIAL/SOURCE DOMINATED: Endrin was detected in air 800 meters from 2 formulations plants at concns of 0.4-12.5 ng/cu m, (mean 3.3 ng/cu m) and 0.3-19.2 ng/cu m (mean 3.5 ng/cu m)(4). Endrin was detected in air of US agricultural areas at a max concn of 6.5 ng/cu m(5). Endrin was detected in Stoneville, MS, 1972-74, 3.6 ng/cu m avg monthly samples, 27.2 ng/cu m max of monthly samples (Aug, 1974), 39.3 ng/cu m max of weekly samples(6).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P051; D012, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

The reductive dechlorination of dieldrin and endrin was investigated as a possible procedure for field disposal of small quantities of these pesticides. The objective was to convert the parent compounds to environmentally less objectionable materials. Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of the pesticides in a soil slurry were mixed with powdered zinc, dilute acetic acid, and acetone to facilitate reaction. Analysis of the mixtures by GC-MS indicated essentially complete conversion of endrin and partial conversion of dieldrin to products probably formed by replacement of the bridge anti-chlorines with hydrogen.

Potential candidate for incineration by liquid injection with a temperature range of 650-1600 °C with a residence time of 0.1-2 sec. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820-1600 °C with a residence time for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: hours.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ENDRIN (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2762; Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, flashpoint less than 23 °C

UN 2761; Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic

IMO 3.0; Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, flashpoint less than 23 °C

UN 2995; Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flashpoint not less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for ENDRIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 215 21; Insecticides, agricultural, not elsewhere classified, liquid (Endrin)

49 215 20; Insecticides, agricultural, not elsewhere classified, liquid (Endrin mixture, liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, flash point less than 23 °C; organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic; organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point 23 °C or more; and organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic are included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic; organochlorine pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, flash point less than 23 °C; organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point not less than 23 °C; and organochlorine pesticide, liquid, toxic are included on the dangerous goods list.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24-28-50/53; S: (1/2)-22-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I