phosmet

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361f: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P308+P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (34.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302+H312 (42.2%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H302 (65.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (66.7%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (43.3%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (33.3%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361f (34.4%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370 (34.4%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 90 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Note: Phosmet is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Phosmet Exposure: Acute exposure to phosmet may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may occur, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) may be followed by respiratory collapse. Giddiness is common.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosmet may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosmet.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to phosmet.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of phosmet is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of phosmet may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.). Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) This material may burn but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

This material may not burn but does ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. Containers may explode in fire. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. /Organophosphorus pesticide NOS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. As for other organophosphorus pesticides stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Take up small dry spills with clean shovel and place in clean, dry container. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (> or = 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or be contacting your state regional office. Small amounts may be decomposed with hypochlorite. For large amounts, incineration with effective gas scrubbing is recommended.

Pesticide Disposal - Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container Disposal - Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities. /Prolate-Lintox -HD/

Follow manufacturers instructions for cieaning and maintainlng PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them. /Imidan 70-WP/

USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS. Users should: - Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Remove ctothing and PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Imidan 70-WP/

This pesticide is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high-water mark. Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed directly to treatment of residues on crops. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Protective information may be obtained from your cooperative Agricultural Extension Service. /Imidan 70-WP/

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS. Use this product only In accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. ... The requirements in this /statement/ only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standard. Do not enter or allow entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI). The REI for each crop is listed in the directions for use associated with each crop. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Coveralls, Shoes plus socks, Chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material, and Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure. /Imidan 70-WP/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSMET (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Caution : Phosmet may produce toxic gases when heated; containers may explode in the heat of fire. Avoid sources of extreme heat.

This is an organophosphorus pesticide. As for other organophosphorus pesticides stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Take up small, dry spills with clean shovel and place in clean, dry container. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form other pesticide, alkaline conditions, water and other forms of moisture. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Whenever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.049 [mg/m3]

0.54 [mg/m3]

2.4 [mg/m3]

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory depression. Cholinesterase inhibition. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the nervous system. This may result in weakness. Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances are established for the sum of the residues for the insecticide N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxygen analog N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#3505]

Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in §180.1(n), are established for the sum of the residue for the insecticide N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxygen analog N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: [Table#3506]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Mixers, loaders, all other applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Socks and shoes. Chemical-resistant gloves for mixers and loaders, applicators using hand held equipment. Chemical resistant apron for mixers and loaders. Chemical-Resistant headgear for overhead exposure. /Imidan 70 WP (Water Soluble Bags)/

Applicators performing pine seedling dipping must wear: Coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Chemical-resistant gloves. Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks. Chemical-resistant apron. A respirator with an organic-vapor removing cartridge with a prefilter approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-23C) or a canister approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-14G), or a NIOSH-approved respirator with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge or canister with any N, F4 or P or He prefilter. /Imidan 70-WP/

Water-soluble packets when used correctly qualify as a closed mixing/loading system under the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides ... Mixers and loaders using water-soluble packets must wear Personal Protective Equipment /suitable for mixer/loader requirements/ ... and must have Immediately available for use in an emergency, such as a broken package, spill, or equipment breakdown: 1. Coveralls 2. Chemical-resistant footwear 3. A respirator with an organic-vapor removing cartridge with a prefilter approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-23C), or a canister approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-14C), or a NIOSH-approved respirator with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge or canister with any N, H or P or He pref liter. Pilots must use an enclosed cockpit in a manner than meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides ... /Imidan 70-WP/.

Airblast, flaggers, and motorized groundboom applicators must In be in fully enclosed cabs or, if not In fully enclosed cabs, applicators must wear double-layer clothIng, chemIcal-resIstant headgear, respirator, and chemIcal-resistant footwear and socks. ApplIcators using airbiast equipment and baggers supporting aerial applications must wear: Personal Protective Equipment identified above ... /and/ be provided and must have immediately available for use in an emergency when they must exit the cab in the treated area: 1. Coveralls 2. Chemical-resistant gloves 3. Chemical-resistant footwear 4. Chemical-resistant headgear if overhead exposure. Take off any PPE that was worn in the treated area before reentering the cab; and store all such PPE in a chemical-resistant container, such as a plastic bag, to prevent contamination of the inside of the cab. /Imidan 70-WP/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PHOSMET (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection. Avoid inhalation of dust and mist.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Phosmet is an off-white crystalline solid with an offensive odor. Used as an insecticide and acaricide. (EPA, 1998)

Colorless to off-white solid; [ICSC] Technical product is off-white or pink solid with an offensive odor; [HSDB] Colorless solid; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS-TO-OFF-WHITE CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Off-white crystalline solid

Colorless crystals

OFFENSIVE ODOR

Decomposes below boiling point (EPA, 1998)

161 °F (EPA, 1998)

72-72.7 °C

100 G/KG IN DICHLOROMETHANE, 4-METHYLPENT-3-EN-2-ONE, BUTANONE

At 25 °C: 25 mg/L water; 650 g/L acetone; 600 g/L benzene; 5 g/L kerosene; 50 g/L methanol; 300 g/L toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone; 250 g/L xylene.

In water, 24.4 mg/L at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.003

1.03 at 20 °C/4 °C

1.03 g/cm³

1.03 @ 20°C

0.001 mmHg at 122 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.00000049 [mmHg]

4.9X10-7 mm Hg at 20-25 °C

Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible

0.00054 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 2.95

Stable under normal storage conditions.

IN BUFFERED SOLN (20 MG/L) @ 20 °C, 50% HYDROLYZED 13 DAYS AT PH 4.5, IN LESS THAN 12 HR AT PH 7, IN LESS THAN 4 HR AT PH 8.3.

STORAGE ABOVE 45 °C MAY LEAD TO DECOMPOSITION.

... Rapidly decomposed with hypochlorite.

Relatively stable in acidic conditions. Decomposes rapidly above 100 °C.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides./

SLIGHTLY CORROSIVE TO METALS

161.0 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: Pesticides]

160.3 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

158.56 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

159.32 Ų [M+H]+

167.89 Ų [M+Na]+

Off-white or pink solid, with an offensive odor. MP of technical grade (92% pure): 66-69 °C /technical imidan/

Decomposes below its BP

Fusion temperature

Melting temperature

Phase transition

Transition enthalpy

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amides and Imides

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Organophosphates, such as PHOSMET, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Storage above 113 F, may lead to decomposition. [EPA, 1998].

Not compatible with other pesticides under alkaline conditions. Contact with water, steam or moisture forms phthalic acids. Slightly corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture.

INCOMPATIBLE WITH OTHER PESTICIDES UNDER ALKALINE CONDITIONS ...

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Suggestive Evidence of Carcinogenicity, but Not Sufficient to Assess Human Carcinogenic Potential

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Redness.

Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Further see Inhalation.

Chemical: PHOSMET

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Organophosphate

FAO/WHO ADI: 0.02 mg/kg

IRIS Current

Children

Females 13-49 yrs

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides - 2021 Update

LC50 (rat) > 152 mg/m3

LD50 Rats oral 113 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbits percutaneous > 5000 mg/kg, albino

LC50 Rat inhalation 2.76 mg/L air/1 hr

LD50 Rat oral 26 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 160 mg/kg bw

SLIGHT INCR OF LETHAL EFFECT WITH LINDANE-PHOSMET IN MALE RATS.

Airway protection. Insure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. ... Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. ... The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules of ... glycopyrolate were added to ... saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. ... /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administer pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHOSMET (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Nausea ... Vomiting, Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea, Excessive Salivation ... 2. Headache, Giddiness, Vertigo & Weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea & Sensation of Tightness in Chest Are Common in Inhalation Exposure. 4. Blurring or Dimness of Vision, Miosis ... Tearing, Ciliary Muscle Spasm, Loss of Accommodation & Ocular Pain ... Mydriasis ... Sometimes Seen ... Probably Due to Sympatho-adrenal Discharge. 5. Bradycardia or Tachycardia. Varying Degrees of Av Heart Block Are Described, as Well as Atrial Arrhythmias. 6. Loss of Muscle Coordination, Slurring of Speech, Fasciculations & Twitching of Muscles (Particularly of Tongue & Eyelids), & Generalized Profound Weakness. 7. Mental Confusion, Disorientation & Drowsiness. /Parathion/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 8. Difficulty in Breathing, Excessive Secretion of Saliva & of Resp Tract Mucus, Oronasal Frothing, Cyanosis, Pulmonary Rales & Rhonchi & Hypertension, (Presumably Due to Asphyxia). 9. Random Jerky Movements, Incontinence, Convulsions, & Coma. 10. Death Primarily Due to Resp Arrest Arising from Failure of Resp Center, Paralysis of Resp Muscles, Intense Bronchoconstriction or All Three. /Parathion/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute exposure to phosmet may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension may occur, although hypertension is not uncommon. Dyspnea may be followed by respiratory collapse. Giddiness is common.

/CASE REPORTS/ Emergency department (ED) staff caring for patients contaminated with toxic chemicals are at risk for developing toxicity from secondary contamination. This report describes three cases of occupational illnesses associated with organophosphate toxicity caused by exposure to a contaminated patient and underscores the importance of using personal protection equipment (PPE) and establishing and following decontamination procedures in EDs and other areas of acute care hospitals. Patient 1: On April 11, a 40-year-old man intentionally ingested approximately 110 g of a veterinary insecticide concentrate. The insecticide contained 73% naphthalene, xylene, and surfactant, and 11.6% phosmet. On clinical examination at a local hospital ED approximately 20 minutes after the ingestion, the patient had profuse oral and bronchial secretions, vomiting, bronchospasm, and respiratory distress. He was intubated for airway management and ventilation. To control secretions, he received 4 g pralidoxime and 22 mg atropine during the next 24 hours. The patient improved over a 9-day period and was transferred to a psychiatric facility. The patient was brought to the ED by a friend, not by emergency medical services, and the friend developed symptoms that required treatment. ED personnel exposed to the patient had symptoms within an hour of his arrival. The staff noted a chemical odor in the ED and contacted the regional poison center, which recommended decontaminating the patient's skin and placing gastric contents in a sealed container to minimize evaporation; however, no decontamination was performed. Health-Care Worker 1: A 45-year-old ED nursing assistant providing care to patient 1 developed respiratory distress, profuse secretions, emesis, diaphoresis, and weakness. She had contact with the patient's skin, respiratory secretions, and emesis. She was admitted to the hospital and required intubation for 24 hours to support respiration. After medical management and serial doses of atropine and pralidoxime for 7 days, her respiratory function improved, and she was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization. Health-Care Worker 2: A 32-year-old ED nurse had diaphoresis, confusion, hypersalivation, nausea, and abdominal cramps while caring for patient 1. Although she did not have skin contact with his secretions or emesis, she had shared his breathing space. After treatment with 10 mg of atropine and pralidoxime over the next 12 hours, her symptoms resolved. Health-Care Worker 3: A 56-year-old nurse providing care for patient 1 was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, confusion, and headache. Although she did not have skin contact with secretions or emesis from patient 1, she had shared his breathing space. She was given 6 mg of atropine without relief of the dyspnea. As a possible result of excessive atropine, she experienced hallucinations. On recommendation of the regional poison center, she received intravenous lorazepam and was observed until the episode resolved. She improved overnight and was discharged.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSMET (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Moderate eye irritant. Not a skin irritant.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Repeated dermal application of 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg 5 days a wk for 3 wk prior to mating & for 3 wk after mating in rabbits resulted in reduced plasma & red blood cell cholinesterase activity but reproduction & teratogenic parameters were unaffected.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Daily ingestion of 20, 40, & 400 ppm technical Imidan by dogs for 2 yr resulted in decreased red cell & plasma cholinesterase activity & lacrimation. One dog in 6 dosed at 400 ppm also showed hyperactivity, salivation, hyperemia of mouth, mucoid feces, & mortality. The same doses were used in a 2 yr rat feeding study & no effect was observed at 20 & 40 ppm. Plasma & red cell cholinesterase activity was depressed at 400 ppm; a reduction in wt gain & liver cell vacuolation also occurred.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Phosmet, technical, 94.7% by weight, fed to 60/sex/group B6C3F mice at 0, 5, 25 or 100 ppm for two years. NOEL (cholinesterase) = 5 ppm, NOEL (liver adenoma) = 25 ppm. ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSMET (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Pheasant female oral 237 mg/kg, 3-4 mo old (95% confidence limit 171-329 mg/kg)

LD50 Pheasant female oral 237 mg/kg, 3-4 mo old (95% confidence limit 171-329 mg/kg)

LD50 Pheasant male oral greater than 250 mg/kg, 3 mo old

LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS, MALLARD DUCK ORAL 1830 MG/KG, 3-4 MO OLD MALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 1270-2630 MG/KG)

LC50 CHINOOK SALMON 180 UG/L/24 HR. FLOW-THROUGH BIOASSAY. (TECHNICAL GRADE)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSMET (49 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the long-term administration of organo-phosphorus compounds (phtalimid/phosmet) in quails (Coturnix coturnix japponica). After 4 weeks, the first symptoms of organophosphorus (OPC) poisoning (apathy, diarrhea) were present. During the second month of a daily administration of the toxic substance using the probe, an apparent clinical autonomic and peripheral neuropathy with ataxia had developed. Toxic disturbance of the nervous system was confirmed by the examination of spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) after tibial nerve stimulation. The prolongation of the peripheral conduction time (wave P6 and N9 represent the response from the ischiadic nerve and the entry of the stimulus to spinal cord, respectively) confirmed a peripheral nerve lesion. /The authors/ suggest that these clinical and electrophysiological changes, displayed by the disturbed nervous system, are caused by either slowing or stoppage of the axonal flow, transport of proteins and other substances, as well as by axon demyelination.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in mallards & pheasants from acute oral admin/: regurgitation & polydipsia (in mallards), ataxia, excessive preening, hyperactivity, falling, ptosis, salivation, prostration, dyspnea, tremors, wings spread, convulsions, tetanic seizures, & terminal wing-beat convulsions. Signs appeared as soon as 10 min & mortalities usually occurred between 0.5 & 17 hr after treatment; two pheasants, however, died at 18 & 24 hr after treatment. In mallards, treatment levels as low as 96 mg/kg produced signs of intoxication, & 768 mg/kg produced some mortalities. /Sample purity 97.2%/

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Apple orchards occupy approximately 12,565 ha of land in Ontario, Canada, and are treated with the greatest number and applications of pesticides among all agricultural crops within the province. The potential for exposure to wildlife from frequent organophosphorus (OP) spray applications is therefore considerable. This study investigated the impact of agricultural spray applications of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, phosalone, and phosmet in apple orchards on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity of wild birds nesting in orchards. These four OP pesticides ranked among the most widely used insecticides used on all fruit crops in Ontario in 1988. Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) were chosen as monitor species because they commonly breed and forage within apple orchards, utilize different feeding strategies, and are readily attracted to nest boxes. Brain and plasma ChE activities were determined for nestling bluebirds and swallows, and plasma ChE was measured in adult swallows for comparison with nestling data. In adult tree swallows, mean plasma ChE levels were significantly inhibited 41% compared to controls 12 hr after a second application of azinphos-methyl. Mean plasma ChE activity in another group of adult tree swallows dropped by 21 and 19% following a multiple phosmet application. In nestlings, brain ChE activities obtained postspray often fell below predicted activities calculated from control siblings. This trend was especially apparent in the younger nestlings, <6 days old. However, for bluebirds the rates of increase of brain ChE with age in nestlings from treated sites was significantly lower than in nestlings from control sites. Brain ChE activity of two nestlings found dead following a phosalone application gave no indication that insecticide exposure was responsible. No other dead or moribund birds were discovered during the course of the study. Sequential plasma sampling of siblings, before and after OP application, was beneficial in reducing the required number of nests sampled by one half, but plasma ChE was less reliable overall than brain ChE in indicating exposure. Results of depressed ChE levels in tree swallows and eastern bluebirds inhabiting apple orchards are consistent with avian species in other orchard monitoring studies. No indication was found that OP exposure due to agricultural spraying in apple orchards adversely affected the survival of the birds we monitored.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Moderately hazardous to fish.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSMET (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.30e+03

1.60e+04

3.70e+02

1.5E+01(G)

8.20e-02

2.00e-02

Volatile

3.80e+03

4.90e+04

1.10e+03

1.5E+01 (G)

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Phosmet's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as an insecticide and acaricide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates phosmet will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosmet will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. Phosmet also undergoes direct photolysis upon exposure to sunlight with a half-life of about 70 minutes. If released to soil, phosmet is expected to have low mobility based upon Koc values in the range of 500-820. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected based upon the vapor pressure of phosmet. The field dissipation half-life of phosmet was reported to range from 4-20 days. If released into water, phosmet is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the range of Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of 32-44 measured in fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Phosmet hydrolyzes rapidly in water with half-lives of 13 days at pH 4.5, 12 hours at pH 7 and 4 hours at pH 8.3. Occupational exposure to phosmet may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. Exposure to the general public may occur from consumption of food containing phosmet. (SRC)

Phosmet's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as an insecticide and acaricide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 500-820 measured in soil(2), indicate that phosmet is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phosmet from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 25 mg/L(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(3). The field dissipation half-life of phosmet was reported to range from 4-20 days(2). Phosmet undergoes hydrolysis rapidly in aqueous solutions(2,3), indicating it will also hydrolyze in moist soils(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 500-820 measured in soil(2), indicate that phosmet is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 25 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 32-44 measured in fish(6), suggest the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Phosmet hydrolyzes rapidly in water with half-lives of 13 days at pH 4.5, 12 hours at pH 7 and 4 hours at pH 8.3(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phosmet, which has a vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosmet is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at and 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase phosmet may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Direct photolysis from sunlight is also an important fate process based on a half-life of about 70 minutes(4).

PHTHALAMIC AND PHTHALIC ACIDS WERE FOUND AS ... HYDROLYSIS END PRODUCTS ... IN WATER ... HYDROLYSIS OF IMIDAN OCCURRED IN SOILS; AND TESTS INDICATED THAT THIS WAS NOT DEPENDENT ON MOISTURE ALONE BUT WAS DUE IN SOME DEGREE TO MICROBIAL ACTION. IN DRY SANDY LOAM SOIL, TIME FOR 50% DEGRADATION WAS 19 DAYS, COMPARED TO 3 DAYS IN MOIST SOIL.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosmet with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). At 20 °C, the aqueous hydrolysis half-life of phosmet in phosphate buffered solution was experimentally determined to be 7.1 hours at pH 7.4 and 7.0 days at pH 6.1(2). In a second hydrolysis study in buffered solution at 20 °C, 50% hydrolysis occurred in 13 days at pH 4.5, 12 hours at pH 7 and 4 hours at pH 8.3(3,4). Using a wettable powder formulation of commercial phosmet in buffered solution at 20-22 °C, about 70% hydrolyzed after a 48-hr period at pH 9.5(5); however, very little hydrolysis occurred at pH 7.0 or pH 4.5 after 48 hours(5); it was suggested that commercial formulations may be more stable than pure phosmet(5). The degradation half-life of phosmet in ultrapure distilled water (pH 6.1) was 33 and 5 days at 6 and 22 °C, respectively(6). The degradation kinetics were described as very fast and no half-lives were established in river water (filtered and non filtered at pH 7.3) and seawater at pH 8.1(6).

The sunlight-induced photodegradation of phosmet in air (presumably the photo-oxidation of the P=S function to P=O) has been reported to have a first-order rate constant of 0.0099/min which corresponds to a half-life of about 70 min(1). Phosmet applied to both silica plates and apples has been observed to rapidly photolyze to the phosmet oxygen analog(2). Anthraquinone has been observed to photosensitize the photodegradation of phosmet in sunlight(3). Aqueous photolysis studies in alkaline waters (pH 8.0-8.3) found little difference in phosmet degradation rates comparing sunlight exposure to dark controls(4); however, the phosmet was observed to degrade rapidly, presumably due to hydrolysis(4); degradation half-lives of 1.8 and 3.8 days were observed at respective temperatures of 21 and 4 °C(4); in a river water sample (pH 8.3), a disappearance half-life of 0.2 days was observed(4).

In diethyl ether, photolysis of imidan produced N-methylphthalimide and N-methoxy methylphthalimide. Further irradiation of N-methylphthalimide produced approximately another six compounds, three of which were identified as 3-hydroxy-2-methylphthalimidine and the two isomers of 3-(1'-ethoxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylphthalimidine. The latter appear to arise from the reaction of product 3-hydroxy-2-methylphthalimidine and the ether solvent.

ACCUMULATION FACTORS FOR TECHNICAL IMIDAN AFTER 24 HR RANGED FROM 10 FOR FATHEAD MINNOW, CHANNEL CATFISH, & BLUEGILL TO 1 FOR DAMSELFLY. ACCUMULATION FACTORS AFTER 46 HR RANGED FROM 11 FOR CHANNEL CATFISH TO 2 FOR CLAM SHRIMP & DAMSELFLY.

Using a continuous flow-through system and willow shiner (Gnathopogon caerulescens) fish, phosmet BCF values ranging from 32 to 44 were determined for exposure periods of 24 to 168 hr(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The US Department of Agriculture Pesticide Properties Database lists Koc values of 500-820 for phosmet(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this range of Koc values suggest that phosmet has low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for phosmet is estimated as 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.9X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 25 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that phosmet is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Phosmet is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: An analysis of Ottawa, Canada tap water (sampling date not reported) did not detect (detection limit of 1 ng/L) any phosmet(1).

GROUNDWATER: Phosmet was not detected (detection limit of 5.0 ppb) in ground water samples collected from 54 wells used for municipal and private water supplies in California(1).

Leachate samples collected near a pesticide manufacturing facility in Barcelona, Spain during the summer of 1984 contained phosmet concns of 5-10 ppm(1).

SOIL: Soil samples were collected from the homes of farm workers, agricultural families and reference families in which no member was involved in agricultural practices in the State of Washington(1). The mean (range) of phosmet in soil samples were: 11 ng/g (0.0-101 ng/g ) farm workers homes; 38 ng/g (0.0-332 ng/g ) agricultural families homes; <7 ng/g (0-<7 ng/g) reference families homes(1).

In a summary of pesticide residue findings of the US Food and Drug Admin's regulatory monitoring of domestic foods which may be eaten by infants/children for fiscal years 1985-1991, phosmet was detected (max concn of 1.6 ppm) in 187 of 2464 apple samples and in 71 of 571 pear samples(1); in imported foods, phosmet was detected (max concn of 1.1 ppm) in 36 of 735 apple samples and in 29 of 816 pear samples(1). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, phosmet was not detected in any sample at a detection limit of 1.0 ppm(2). During a 5 yr study conducted during 1981-1986, the Los Angeles District Office of the FDA analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food for pesticide residues(3,4); phosmet was detected in 74 samples at concns ranging from 0.05 to >2.0 ppm (all but 18 samples has concns of 2.0 ppm or less)(3,4). In fruit monitoring studies conducted in Ontario, Canada during 1980 to 1984, phosmet was detected in sweet cherries (6 of 26 composite samples) and peaches (24 of 36 composite samples)(5). Phosmet was detected at a max concn of 0.25 mg/kg in fresh and canned peaches(6). Phosmet was detected in 225 out of 1,536 vegetable and 802 fruit samples analyzed from 1991-1995 in Ontario, Canada(7). No single detection of phosmet in these foods exceeded 10 mg/kg(7). The mean (range of positive samples) of phosmet in food samples from the 1991-1999 FDA Market Basket Surveys were: blueberry muffins, 0.006 ppm (0.006-0.006 ppm); red apples, 0.0095 ppm (0.002-0.03 ppm); raw peaches, 0.0447 ppm (0.012-0.189 ppm); raw pears, 0.0548 ppm (0.003-0.573 ppm); grapes, 0.026 ppm (0.026-0.026 ppm); plumbs, 0.0055 ppm (0.003-0.008 ppm); sweet cherries, 0.007 ppm (0.007-0.007 ppm); raisins, 0.007 ppm (0.007-0.007 ppm); applesauce , 0.004 ppm (0.004-0.004 ppm); strained pears, 0.0112 ppm (0.004-0.02 ppm); apricots, 0.2541 ppm (0.006-0.662 ppm)(8).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (> or = 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or be contacting your state regional office. Small amounts may be decomposed with hypochlorite. For large amounts, incineration with effective gas scrubbing is recommended.

Pesticide Disposal - Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container Disposal - Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities. /Prolate-Lintox -HD/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSMET (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This compound requires a shipping label of: "Keep Away From Food." It falls in DOT Hazard Class 6.1 and Packing Group III.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 21/22-50/53; S: (2)-22-36/37-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III