propyne

H220 (98.8%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H335 (52.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (34.7%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P271, P280, P304+P340, P319, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 346 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl acetylene:

Eye: FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Frostbite - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out; in other cases extinguish with water spray ... Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

To fight fire, stop the flow of gas.

On loss of containment this gas can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075), Butane (UN1011), Butylene (UN1012), Isobutylene (UN1055), Propylene (UN1077), Isobutane (UN1969), and Propane (UN1978), also refer to the "BLEVE - Safety Precautions" section. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. (Extra personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus).

IF...LEAKED, THE FOLLOWING STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN: 1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF LEAK TO DISPERSE GAS. 3. STOP FLOW OF GAS. IF SOURCE OF LEAK IS CYLINDER & LEAK CANNOT BE STOPPED IN PLACE, REMOVE...TO SAFE PLACE IN OPEN AIR, KEEP PEOPLE AWAY, & REPAIR THE LEAK OR ALLOW THE CYLINDER TO EMPTY.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

METHYL ACETYLENE MAY BE DISPOSED OF 1. IF IN SMALL QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO ESCAPE INTO OPEN AIR AT A PLACE WHERE THERE ARE NO IGNITION SOURCES. 2. IF IN LARGE QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO BURN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking ... Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (eg, by grounding) if in liquid state. Use non-sparking handtools. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (eg, by grounding). Local exhaust or breathing protection ... Local exhaust or breathing protection.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-PROPYNE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Cool.

915 [ppm]

2500 [ppm]

15000 [ppm]

1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)

TWA 1000 ppm (1650 mg/m3)

1000.0 [ppm]

1700 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1700.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been stated that methyl acetylene appears to be a general anesthetic with comparatively low toxicity [ACGIH 1991].

1700 ppm [Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health efects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

1700 ppm

1700 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 74997

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1000 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

1000 ppm as TWA

1000 ppm (EX) [1956]

Austrailia: 1000 ppm, 1250 STEL (deletion of STEL proposed) (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: 1000 ppm, short term level 2000 ppm, 60 min, 3 times per shift (1991).

On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract. Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl acetylene:

Skin: FROSTBITE - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Eyes: FROSTBITE - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite.

Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift).

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide: FROSTBITE WASH - Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2024)

Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite.

Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1700 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1-PROPYNE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 1700 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister

1-propyne appears as a colorless liquefied gas with a sweet odor. mp: -104 °C, bp: -23.1 °C. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform and benzene. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Used as a specialty fuel. Denser than air. Vapors may ignite at distant sources of ignition and flash back.

Liquid; Gas Vapor

Colorless gas with a sweet odor. [Note: A fuel that is shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless gas with a sweet odor.

Colorless gas with a sweet odor. [Note: A fuel that is shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas].

Sweet odor

-10 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

-23.2 °C

-23.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-153 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-102.7 °C

Flammable gas

NA (Gas)

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 3,640 mg/L at 25 °C

Very sol in alcohol; sol in chloroform, benzene

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.36

Insoluble

0.607 at 25 °C/4 °C

Density (liquid) at 250 deg K = 0.671 g/ cu m

Relative density (water = 1): 0.70

.607 (p> 1 atm)

1.41(relative gas density)

1.41 (NIOSH, 2024) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.4 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.4

5.2 atm (NIOSH, 2024)

4.31X10+3 mm Hg at 25 deg

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 521

4310 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 0.94

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

... Can decompose explosively at 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres of pressure.

gas at 298 deg K: 8.4X10-3 mPa-s; liquid at 233 deg K: 0.26 mPa-s

-1.8496X10+9 J/kmol

10.36 eV

Index of refraction = 1.3863 at -40 °C/D

Specific vol = 9.7 cu ft/lb at 70 °F

Highly flammable. PEROXIDE FORMING WHICH LEADS TO EXPLOSIONS

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Alkynes, with Acetylenic Hydrogen

Highly Flammable

Peroxidizable Compound

1-PROPYNE is highly flammable. The liquid material in cylinders contains about 30% propadiene. Detonation may occur at 95 °C [MCA Case History No. 632]. Reacts exothermically with many oxidizing agents and with some reducing agents as well. May react with silver, copper, and mercury salts in aqueous solution to give explosive acetylides. Incompatible with brass that contains more than 65% copper, with other copper-containing alloys, with Monel metal, with neoprene, polyethylene, and, to a lesser extent, with Teflon. May enflame in air in the presence of Co, Hg, Hg salts, K, Ag, Ag salts, RbH, CsH, halogens, HNO3, NaH. Can decompose explosively when compressed to 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Has been known to decompose explosively at high pressures and moderate temperatures in the absence of air.

Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Strong oxidizers (such as chlorine), copper alloys [Note: Can decompose explosively at 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres of pressure].

Methyl acetylene forms compounds with copper and copper alloys that are very sensitive to shock.

Strong oxidizers (such as chlorine), copper alloys [Note: Can decompose explosively at 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres of pressure.]

Methyl acetylene

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

irritation respiratory system; tremor, hyperexcitability, anesthesia; liquid: frostbite

respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LC (rat) > 42,000 ppm/6h

FIRST AID: Inhalation--Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical attention ... Skin--ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Eyes--First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--dizziness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness. Skin--ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 33-year-old man died after intentionally inhaling a gaseous mix of methyl acetylene (propyne) and propadiene (allene) ... A comprehensive toxicological analysis revealed only a trace of diphenhydramine in the liver and 0.02 mg/L of morphine in the urine. Analysis of blood by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) detected two unknown peaks. ... MAPP was quantitated in femoral blood (59.6 mg/L) and brain (43.6 mg/kg) using a HS-GC method.

/BIOMONITORING/ Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used to measure propyne in exhaled air.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Propyne is 18 times as potent as acetylene in causing CNS depression.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats that inhaled 42,000 ppm methyl acetylene became hyperactive and within 7 min were lethargic and ataxic. After 95 min, the animals were completely anesthetized. There was no mortality when the exposure was terminated at the end of 5 hr, and most of the animals recovered completely within 40 min. Edema and alveolar hemorrhage were present in animals killed at termination of the single exposure, whereas bronchiolitis and pneumonitis were observed in rats sacrificed 9 days postexposure.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 929]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Toxic effects were evident during the first 7 minutes of both acute and chronic tests. In acute tests, rats were anesthetized within 95 minutes but most recovered within 40 minutes. No latent signs developed during 9 days post exposure. In chronic tests, animals reached an early plane of anesthesia within 30 minutes and recovered rapidly after exposure. Other signs of toxicity included tonic convulsions, and slight growth depression. Forty percent of the rats died. There were no significant alterations in routine urinalysis or hematologic and biochemical parameters. Pathological changes were limited to the lungs, which were dark red on external surfaces and cut sections. After acute exposure, bronchial contraction, edema, and alveolar hemorrhage were seen in rats killed at termination, and purulent bronchiolitis and pneumonitis were seen in rats held 9 days.[Horn HJ et al; Am Med Assoc Arch Ind Health 15 (1): 20-26 (1957)]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Two dogs and 20 rats ... /were exposed to/ an avg concn of 28,700 ppm ... For ... 6 mo on a 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk basis. ... Two dogs and 20 rats served as the concurrent controls ... Eight rats died, but no dogs. Signs of toxicity were excitement, ataxia, salivation, mydriasis, and tremors. Both of the dogs inhaling methyl acetylene experienced convulsions three times during the 6 mo. Weight gain was reduced in exposed animals of both species. Pathology indicated pulmonary irritation in exposed animals. Controls showed no changes upon similar examination.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 929]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The repeated dose toxicity of the analog methylacetylene has been studied in rats and dogs (Horn et al., 1957). In this study, the animals were exposed to 28,700 ppm methylacetylene 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 6 months. Rats and dogs reached an early plane of anesthesia (within 30 minutes) and generally recovered rapidly after each exposure. Forty percent of the rats and none of the dogs died over the course of the study. Gross pathology of the rats that died was limited to the lungs, which appeared dark red and remained distended when the thorax was opened. In exposed rats that survived to termination, the lungs also were discolored and remained distended. Microscopic pathology of the lungs showed definite pulmonary irritation. The remaining organs appeared to be within normal limits. There was no effect of treatment on any hematological, urine or biochemical index of toxicity in the dogs. The gross appearance of all organs examined and microscopic examinations of the lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and GI tract in exposed dogs were normal ...[EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Acetylene (December 2003). Available from, as of September 10, 2006: http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/pubs/summaries/acetylen/c15005.pdf]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-PROPYNE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-Propyne's production and use as a synthetic intermediate, specialty and welding torch fuel as well as its emission as a byproduct of automobile and turbine engine combustion may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.31X10+3 at 25 °C indicates 1-propyne will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-propyne will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days. 1-Propyne does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 77. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, 1-propyne is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 min and 2.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Alkynes are generally resistant to hydrolysis; therefore, 1-propyne is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment. Occupational exposure to 1-propyne may occur through inhalation with this compound at workplaces where 1-propyne is produced or used. The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to 1-propyne is by inhalation due to the release of this substance from combustion fuels, biomass emissions and cigarette smoke. (SRC)

1-Propyne's production and use as a synthetic intermediate, specialty and welding torch fuel(1,2) as well as its emission as a byproduct of automobile and turbine engine combustion(3) result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-propyne from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). 1-Propyne is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). 1-Propyne readily volatilizes from dry and moist soil surfaces. 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in soil were not located(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 min and 2.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in water were not located(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-propyne, which has a vapor pressure of 4.31X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-propyne is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Propyne does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

A Rhodococcus species isolated from soil was able to use 1-propyne(1).

AEROBIC: 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult. (SRC)

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-propyne with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Alkynes are generally resistant to hydrolysis(2); therefore, 1-propyne is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment(SRC). 1-Propyne does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-propyne with ozone has been estimated as 1.43X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 800 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1-propyne(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of 1-propyne is estimated as 77(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-propyne is estimated as 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-propyne is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 41 minutes(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.5 days(SRC). 1-Propyne's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-propyne from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(1).

In a study conducted by the Ford Motor Co, 1-propyne was identified as constituting 1.07-1.34% of the total hydrocarbon exhaust from a engine burning an isooctane fuel(1). In a Sydney, Australia study using 67 gasoline-fueled cars, the 1-propyne composition of hydrocarbon exhaust (excluding methane gas) was 0.4 to 0.5%(2). 1-Propyne was detected in the exhaust of spark-ignited engines burning gasoline and various olefinic fuels(3). 1-Propyne concns of <0.01 to 21.2 ppm were detected in the exhaust of turbojet engines operated at simulated supersonic flight conditions(4).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ambient air monitoring conducted at 1000 ft heights at 5 locations over and downwind from a petroleum refinery (Benicia,CA) in Sept 1975 found 1-propyne at levels below 0.5 ug/cu m(1). 1-Propyne was released at levels below the quantification limit from emissions of two different ships, MS Aurora and Stena Danica that traveled from Denmark to Sweden during 1995(2). 1-Propyne in the air near roadways, lead smelter plants, and cast iron factories in Egypt comprised of 0.56, 0.06 and 0.17% of the non-methane organic contaminants respectively(3). 1-Propyne in the air at bus garages and from motorcycle emissions in Egypt comprised of 0.0.-0.2 and 0.2% of the non-methane organic contaminants in these areas respectively(3). 1-Propyne has been estimated to be about 3.87% of total emissions released in the exhaust of small engines(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Sampling of air in Los Angeles, CA central business district on 9 days during Aug-Nov 1960 found 1-propyne concns ranging from <0.5 ppb (detection limit) to 6 ppb(1). Air monitoring of heavy afternoon haze in Riverside, CA during Aug-Nov 1965 found 1-propyne levels of 0-1.4 ppb(2). Ambient air monitoring conducted in Sydney, Australia during May 1979 to June 1980 (140 total air samples) found an avg 1-propyne concn of 0.5 ppb(3). 1-Propyne was detected in the air of Taipei with an average concentration of 0.4 ppbv and not detected in Hamburg, Germany; Chicago, Il; Athens, Greece or Osaka, Japan(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: An atmospheric concn of 0.054 ppb was detected at a rural site in Egbert, Ontario in Apr 1990(1). 1-Propyne was detected not quantified in the air above the Boden Forest, Canada from April 29-June 3 1993(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 119 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-propyne in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-propyne may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 1-propyne is produced or used(SRC). The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to 1-propyne is by inhalation due to the release of this substance from combustion fuels, biomass emissions and cigarette smoke(SRC).

1-Propyne has been detected in the human respiratory air at 0.81 ug/hr in a non-smoker and at 1.1 and 2.3 ug/hr in two smokers(1).

1-Propyne's production and use as a synthetic intermediate, specialty and welding torch fuel as well as its emission as a byproduct of automobile and turbine engine combustion may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.31X10+3 at 25 °C indicates 1-propyne will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-propyne will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days. 1-Propyne does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 77. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, 1-propyne is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 min and 2.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Alkynes are generally resistant to hydrolysis; therefore, 1-propyne is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment. Occupational exposure to 1-propyne may occur through inhalation with this compound at workplaces where 1-propyne is produced or used. The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to 1-propyne is by inhalation due to the release of this substance from combustion fuels, biomass emissions and cigarette smoke. (SRC)

1-Propyne's production and use as a synthetic intermediate, specialty and welding torch fuel(1,2) as well as its emission as a byproduct of automobile and turbine engine combustion(3) result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-propyne from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). 1-Propyne is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). 1-Propyne readily volatilizes from dry and moist soil surfaces. 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in soil were not located(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 min and 2.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in water were not located(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-propyne, which has a vapor pressure of 4.31X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-propyne is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Propyne does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

A Rhodococcus species isolated from soil was able to use 1-propyne(1).

AEROBIC: 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult. (SRC)

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-propyne with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Alkynes are generally resistant to hydrolysis(2); therefore, 1-propyne is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment(SRC). 1-Propyne does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-propyne with ozone has been estimated as 1.43X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 800 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1-propyne(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of 1-propyne is estimated as 77(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-propyne is estimated as 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-propyne is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 41 minutes(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.5 days(SRC). 1-Propyne's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-propyne from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(1).

In a study conducted by the Ford Motor Co, 1-propyne was identified as constituting 1.07-1.34% of the total hydrocarbon exhaust from a engine burning an isooctane fuel(1). In a Sydney, Australia study using 67 gasoline-fueled cars, the 1-propyne composition of hydrocarbon exhaust (excluding methane gas) was 0.4 to 0.5%(2). 1-Propyne was detected in the exhaust of spark-ignited engines burning gasoline and various olefinic fuels(3). 1-Propyne concns of <0.01 to 21.2 ppm were detected in the exhaust of turbojet engines operated at simulated supersonic flight conditions(4).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ambient air monitoring conducted at 1000 ft heights at 5 locations over and downwind from a petroleum refinery (Benicia,CA) in Sept 1975 found 1-propyne at levels below 0.5 ug/cu m(1). 1-Propyne was released at levels below the quantification limit from emissions of two different ships, MS Aurora and Stena Danica that traveled from Denmark to Sweden during 1995(2). 1-Propyne in the air near roadways, lead smelter plants, and cast iron factories in Egypt comprised of 0.56, 0.06 and 0.17% of the non-methane organic contaminants respectively(3). 1-Propyne in the air at bus garages and from motorcycle emissions in Egypt comprised of 0.0.-0.2 and 0.2% of the non-methane organic contaminants in these areas respectively(3). 1-Propyne has been estimated to be about 3.87% of total emissions released in the exhaust of small engines(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Sampling of air in Los Angeles, CA central business district on 9 days during Aug-Nov 1960 found 1-propyne concns ranging from <0.5 ppb (detection limit) to 6 ppb(1). Air monitoring of heavy afternoon haze in Riverside, CA during Aug-Nov 1965 found 1-propyne levels of 0-1.4 ppb(2). Ambient air monitoring conducted in Sydney, Australia during May 1979 to June 1980 (140 total air samples) found an avg 1-propyne concn of 0.5 ppb(3). 1-Propyne was detected in the air of Taipei with an average concentration of 0.4 ppbv and not detected in Hamburg, Germany; Chicago, Il; Athens, Greece or Osaka, Japan(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: An atmospheric concn of 0.054 ppb was detected at a rural site in Egbert, Ontario in Apr 1990(1). 1-Propyne was detected not quantified in the air above the Boden Forest, Canada from April 29-June 3 1993(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 119 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-propyne in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-propyne may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 1-propyne is produced or used(SRC). The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to 1-propyne is by inhalation due to the release of this substance from combustion fuels, biomass emissions and cigarette smoke(SRC).

1-Propyne has been detected in the human respiratory air at 0.81 ug/hr in a non-smoker and at 1.1 and 2.3 ug/hr in two smokers(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

METHYL ACETYLENE MAY BE DISPOSED OF 1. IF IN SMALL QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO ESCAPE INTO OPEN AIR AT A PLACE WHERE THERE ARE NO IGNITION SOURCES. 2. IF IN LARGE QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO BURN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. ... Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Compressed gas, flammable, NOS (1-Propyne)/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. /Compressed gas, flammable, NOS (1-Propyne)/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet ) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. /Compressed gas, flammable, NOS (1-Propyne)/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. /Compressed gas, flammable, NOS (1-Propyne)/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-PROPYNE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flammable Gas

UN Hazard Class: 2.1