aluminiumpowder (uncoated)

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P231, P231+P232, P233, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P231+P232, P240, P241, P280, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 8.3% (338 of 4079) of reports.

H228 (60.6%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H250 (34.2%): Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H261 (90.8%): In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P231, P231+P232, P233, P240, P241, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4079 reports by companies from 35 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 338 of 4079 reports by companies.

There are 31 notifications provided by 3741 of 4079 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 1 of 1 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P231+P232, P260, P264, P270, P280, P308+P316, P319, P321, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P231+P232, P260, P264, P270, P280, P319, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Aluminum:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Breathing: FRESH AIR - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. (NIOSH, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Breathing: Fresh air

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2. Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.). Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers. Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING METALS OR POWDERS (ALUMINUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, ETC.): Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 169 [Aluminum (Molten)]:

Do not use water, except in life-threatening situations and then only in a fine spray. Do not use halogenated extinguishing agents or foam. Move combustibles out of path of advancing pool if you can do so without risk. Extinguish fires started by molten material by using appropriate method for the burning material; keep water, halogenated extinguishing agents and foam away from the molten material. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry sand, special powder. NO water. NO carbon dioxide, foam.

Large fires must be isolated and allowed to burn out, but small ones can be controlled by sand, talc, or sodium chloride.

Smother with dry sand, dry clay, dry ground limestone, or use approved Class D extinguishers. DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use suitable dry powder.

Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material. Water fog can be used to control fire. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material. Violent reaction may result. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Aluminum Alkyls/

DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

Powder Spill

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.

· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 169 [Aluminum (Molten)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry containers.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Recycling: Sort, classify and put in a box properly labelled. Salvage profitably for reuse by local shop or sell as scrap metal.

Personnel protection: ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing dusts.

Showers and double locker accommodations (one locker for work clothing, the other for personal clothing) should be provided and all employees encouraged to wash thoroughly at the end of the shift.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 169 [Aluminum (Molten)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not attempt to stop leak, due to danger of explosion. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Substance is very fluid, spreads quickly, and may splash. Do not try to stop it with shovels or other objects. Dike far ahead of spill; use dry sand to contain the flow of material. Where possible allow molten material to solidify naturally. Avoid contact even after material solidifies. Molten, heated and cold aluminum look alike; do not touch unless you know it is cold. Clean up under the supervision of an expert after material has solidified. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids, water and halogens. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, halogenated compounds, oxidizers, combustible materials.

Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas. /Aluminum alkyls/

In general, materials ... toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... Should be stored in cool ... ventilated place, out of ... sun, away from ... fire hazard ... be periodically inspected and monitored. Incompatible materials should be isolated ...

All possibility of contact with water must be avoided. Solution containing not more than 20% of these compounds in non-reactive solvents, however, can be handled without risk of spontaneous ignition. /Aluminum alkyls/

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

1.5 [mg/m3] (respirable fraction), 4 mg/m3 (inhalable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)

15.0 [mg/m3](total dust), 5 mg/m3(respirable fraction)

15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)

See: IDLH INDEX

1.0 [mg/m3], respirable fraction

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Aluminum metal and insoluable compounds/

(inhalable fraction): 4 mg/m

Intermediate Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)

· DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.

· Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.).

· Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers.

· Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Involving Metals or Powders (Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc.)

· Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see GUIDE 170.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

USSR: 2 mg/cu m /Aluminum and alloys/

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs. The substance may have effects on the nervous system. This may result in impaired functions.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Aluminum:

Aluminum powder, coated appears as a light gray or silver powdered metal. Easily ignited; burns with an intense flame.

Aluminum powder, pyrophoric appears as a light gray or silvery colored powdered metal.

Aluminum powder, uncoated appears as a light gray solid. Denser than water. Contact may burn skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

Aluminum metal held above melting point of 1220 °F (660 °C) for ease in handling. Cools and solidifies if released. Contact causes thermal burns. Plastic or rubber may melt or lose strength upon contact. Protective equipment designed for chemical exposure only is not effective against direct contact. Take care walking on the surface of a spill to avoid stepping into a pocket of molten aluminum below the crust. Do not attempt to remove aluminum impregnated clothing because of the danger of tearing flesh if there has been a burn.

Liquid; Wet Solid; Other Solid; Liquid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Wet Solid; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Wet Solid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI

A silvery-grey powder or tiny sheets

Silvery-white, malleable, ductile, odorless metal; [NIOSH]

SILVERY-WHITE-TO-GREY POWDER.

Silvery-white, malleable, ductile, odorless metal.

Tin-white, malleable, ductile metal, with somewhat bluish tint

Silver white ductile metal, cubic

Crystalline solid

Silvery-white, malleable, ductile ... metal.

Odorless

4221 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

1220 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

1220 ° F

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Insoluble in water and in organic solvents. Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid.

Soluble in HCl, H2SO4, hot water, and alkalies.

Insoluble in water.

Solubility in water: reaction

Insoluble

2.7 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

2.7 g/cm³

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

1 mm Hg at 1284 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

In moist air, oxide film forms which protects metal from corrosion.

Low melting solids or colorless, volatile liquids. /Alkylaluminum halides/

Less sensitive than trialkylaminums to oxidation upon exposure to air. /Alkylaluminum halides/

400 °C (powder)

...Capable of taking brilliant polish which is retained in dry air. In moist air, oxide film forms which protects metal from corrosion. ...Does not vaporize even at high temperatures, but finely divided aluminum dust is easily ignited, and may cause explosions. Reacts with dilute HCl, H2SO4, KOH and NaOH with evolution of hydrogen. Reduces the cations of many heavy metals to the metallic state E(o)(aq) Al+3/Al -1.66V.

Good conductor of heat and electricity

Tensile strength (annealed) 6800 psi, cold rolled 16,000 psi; rapidly oxidized by water at 180 °C. ... Electrical conductivity approximately two-thirds that of copper. Aluminum qualifies as both a light metal and a heavy metal, according to their definitions.

Ionic radius = 57 pm. In combination with its high oxidation potential +1.66V and the +3 oxidation state, the ionic radius accounts for the stability of aluminum compounds.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

thermal expansion coefficient

nuclear quadrupole moment

electron density of states

Highly flammable. Coated form prevents spontaneous ignition in air. Can react with water to generate gaseous hydrogen and heat.

Highly flammable. Ignites spontaneously in air. Reacts with water to generate flammable gaseous hydrogen and heat.

Highly flammable. Produces flammable gases and heat on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air.

Violent reaction with water; contact may cause an explosion or may produce a flammable gas (hydrogen). Moist air produces hydrogen gas. Does not burn on exposure to air.

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

Air-Reactive

CSL00060

ALUMINUM + CARBON TETRACHLORIDE + MAGNESIUM + CHLOROFORM

Potentially explosive in the presence of Mg or Al powder

Explosive

User-Reported

CSL00108

ALUMINUM + CHLOROFORM

Potentially explosive

ALUMINUM POWDER, COATED is a reducing agent. Coating moderates or greatly moderates its reactivity compared to the uncoated material. Reacts exothermically if mixed with metal oxides and heated (thermite process). Heating a mixture with copper oxides caused a strong explosion [Mellor 5:217-19 1946-47]. Reacts with metal salts, mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive to mechanical shock [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980 p. 135]. A mixture with powdered ammonium persulfate and water may explode [NFPA 491M, 1991]. Heating a mixture with bismuth trioxide leads to an explosively violent reaction [Mellor 9:649, 1946-47]. Mixtures with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc can explode by heat, percussion, and friction, [Mellor 2:310, 1946-47]. Burns in the vapor of carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur dichloride, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, or nitrogen peroxide [Mellor 5:209-212, 1946-47]. A mixture with carbon tetrachloride exploded when heated to 153 °C and also by impact [Chem. Eng. News 32:258, 1954; UL Bull. Research 34, 1945; ASESB Pot. Incid. 39, 1968]. Mixing with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2 Supp. 1, 1956]. Ignites in close contact with iodine. Three industrial explosions involving a photoflash composition containing potassium perchlorate with aluminum and magnesium powder have occurred [ACS 146:210, 1945; NFPA 491M 1991]. Reacts with methyl chloride in the presence of small amounts of aluminum chloride to give flammable trimethylaluminum. Gives a detonable mixture with liquid oxygen [NFPA 491M 1991]. The reaction with silver chloride, once started, proceeds with explosive violence [Mellor 3:402 1946-47]. In an industrial accident, the accidental addition of water to a solid mixture of sodium hydrosulfite and powdered aluminum caused the generation of SO2, heat and more water. The aluminum powder reacted with water and other materials to generate more heat, leading to a deflagration that killed five workers [Case Study, Accident Investigation: Napp Technologies, 14th International Hazardous Material Spills Conference].

ALUMINUM POWDER, PYROPHORIC is a reducing agent. Reacts very exothermically when mixed with metal oxides and ignited or heated (thermite process). Reacts explosively when mixed with copper oxides and heated [Mellor 5:217-19 1946-47]. Reacts with metal salts, mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive to mechanical shock [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 135]. Mixtures with ammonium nitrate are used as an explosive. A mixture with powdered ammonium persulfate and water may explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. Heating with bismuth trioxide leads to an explosively violent reaction [Mellor 9:649 1946-47]. Mixtures with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc can explode by heat, percussion, and friction [Mellor 2:310 1946-47]. Burns in the vapor of carbon disulfide, in sulfur dioxide, sulfur dichloride, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, or nitrogen peroxide [Mellor 5:209-212 1946-47]. A mixture with carbon tetrachloride exploded when heated to 153 °C and also by impact [Chem. Eng. News 32:258 (1954); UL Bull. Research 34 (1945); ASESB Pot. Incid. 39 (1968)]. Mixing with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2 Supp. 1: 1956]. Ignites in close contact with iodine. Three industrial explosions involving a photoflash composition containing potassium perchlorate with aluminum and magnesium powder have occurred [ACS 146:210 1945; NFPA 491M 1991]. React with methyl chloride in the presence of small amounts of aluminum chloride to give flammable trimethylaluminum. Gives a detonable mixture with liquid oxygen [NFPA 491M 1991]. The reaction with silver chloride, once started, proceeds with explosive violence [Mellor 3:402 1946-47]. In an industrial accident, the accidental addition of water to a solid mixture of sodium hydrosulfite and powdered aluminum caused the generation of SO2, heat and more water. The aluminum powder reacted with the water and other reactants leading to an explosion that killed five workers [Case Study, Accident Investigation: Napp Technologies, 14th International Hazardous Material Spills Conference]. Particles can become electrostatically charged if swirled, transported by pneumatic means or poured.

ALUMINUM POWDER, UNCOATED is a reducing agent. Reacts very exothermically when mixed with metal oxides and ignited or heated (thermite process). Reacts explosively when mixed with copper oxides and heated [Mellor 5:217-19 1946-47]. Reacts with metal salts, mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive to mechanical shock [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 135]. Mixtures with ammonium nitrate are used as an explosive. A mixture with powdered ammonium persulfate and water may explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. Heating with bismuth trioxide leads to an explosively violent reaction [Mellor 9:649 1946-47]. Mixtures with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc can explode by heat, percussion, and friction [Mellor 2:310 1946-47]. Burns in the vapor of carbon disulfide, in sulfur dioxide, sulfur dichloride, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, or nitrogen peroxide [Mellor 5:209-212 1946-47]. A mixture with carbon tetrachloride exploded when heated to 153 °C and also by impact [Chem. Eng. News 32:258 (1954); UL Bull. Research 34 (1945), ASESB Pot. Incid. 39 (1968)]. Mixing with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2 Supp. 1: 1956]. Ignites in close contact with iodine. Three industrial explosions involving a photoflash composition containing potassium perchlorate with aluminum and magnesium powder have occurred [ACS 146:210 1945; NFPA 491M 1991]. React with methyl chloride in the presence of small amounts of aluminum chloride to give flammable trimethylaluminum. Gives a detonable mixture with liquid oxygen [NFPA 491M 1991]. The reaction with silver chloride, once started, proceeds with explosive violence [Mellor 3:402 1946-47]. In an industrial accident, the accidental addition of water to a solid mixture of sodium hydrosulfite and powdered aluminum caused the generation of SO2, heat and more water. The aluminum powder reacted with the water and other reactants leading to an explosion that killed five workers [Case Study, Accident Investigation: Napp Technologies, presented by John Ferris, Paul Kahn, Mike Marshall, Fourteenth International Hazardous Material Spills Conference]. Particles can become electrostatically charged if swirled, transported by pneumatic means or poured.

ALUMINUM, MOLTEN, is a reducing agent. Coating moderates or greatly moderates its chemical reactivity compared to the uncoated material. Reacts exothermically if mixed with metal oxides and heated (thermite process). Heating a mixture with copper oxides caused a strong explosion [Mellor 5:217-19 1946-47]. Reacts with metal salts, mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive to mechanical shock [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 135]. A number of explosions in which ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum were mixed with carbon or hydrocarbons, with or without oxidizing agents, have occurred [Mellor 5:219 1946-47]. A mixture with powdered ammonium persulfate and water may explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. Heating a mixture with bismuth trioxide leads to an explosively violent reaction [Mellor 9:649 (1946-47)]. Mixtures with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc can explode by heat, percussion, and friction, [Mellor 2:310 (1946-47]. Burns in the vapor of carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur dichloride, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, or nitrogen peroxide, [Mellor 5:209-212,1946-47]. A mixture with carbon tetrachloride exploded when heated to 153 °C and also by impact, [Chem. Eng. News 32:258 (1954)]; [UL Bull. Research 34 (1945], [ASESB Pot. Incid. 39 (1968)]. Mixing with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2 Supp. 1: 1956]. Ignites in close contact with iodine. Three industrial explosions involving a photoflash composition containing potassium perchlorate with aluminum and magnesium powder have occurred [ACS 146:210 1945], [NFPA 491M 1991]. Is attacked by methyl chloride in the presence of small amounts of aluminum chloride to give flammable aluminum trimethyl. Give a detonable mixture with liquid oxygen [NFPA 491M 1991]. The reaction with silver chloride, once started, proceeds with explosive violence [Mellor 3:402 1946-47]. In an industrial accident, the accidental addition of water to a solid mixture of sodium hydrosulfite and powdered aluminum caused the generation of SO2, heat and more water. The aluminum powder reacted with water and other reactants to generate more heat, leading to an explosion that killed five workers [Case Study, Accident Investigation: Napp Technologies, 14th International Hazardous Material Spills Conference].

A mixture of aluminum powder and ammonium nitrate can be used as an explosive. A number of explosions in which ammonium nitrate and aluminum are mixed with carbon, hydrocarbons, with or without oxidizing agents, have occurred.

A violent reaction or flaming is likely in the reaction of chromic anhydride and aluminum powder.

A 25% sodium hydroxide solution was filtered into a tank trailer thought to be made of mild steel. By the time it was discovered that the tank was made of aluminum, copious volumes of hydrogen were already boiling off. ... Aluminum reacts vigorously in sodium hydroxide.

Strong oxidizers & acids, halogenated hydrocarbons [Note: Corrodes in contact with acids & other metals. Ignition may occur if powders are mixed with halogens, carbon disulfide, or methyl chloride].

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers & acids, halogenated hydrocarbons [Note: Corrodes in contact with acids & other metals. Ignition may occur if powders are mixed with halogens, carbon disulfide, or methyl chloride.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION: Aluminum is a silvery-white, ductile and malleable metal. It is released to the environment both by natural processes and from anthropogenic sources. It is highly concentrated in soil-derived dusts from such activities as mining and agriculture, and in particulate matter from coal combustion. Aluminum occurs ubiquitously in the environment in the form of silicates, oxides and hydroxides, combined with other elements such as sodium and fluorine and as complexes with organic matter. It is not found as a free metal because of its reactivity. Aluminum metal has a wide variety of uses, including structural materials in construction, automobiles and aircraft, and the production of metal alloys. Aluminum compounds and materials also have a wide variety of uses, including production of glass, ceramics, rubber, wood preservatives, pharmaceuticals and waterproofing textiles. Natural aluminum minerals, especially bentonite and zeolite, are used in water purification, sugar refining, brewing and paper industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Non-occupational human exposure to aluminum in the environment is primarily through ingestion of food and water. No acute pathogenic effects in the general population have been described after exposure to aluminum. Although it has been hypothesized that aluminum is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, present epidemiological evidence does not support a causal association between Alzheimer's disease and aluminum in drinking-water. Neurological syndromes including impairment of cognitive function, motor dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy have been reported in limited studies of workers exposed to aluminum fume. Iatrogenic exposure in patients with chronic renal failure, exposed to aluminum-containing dialysis fluids and pharmaceutical products, may cause encephalopathy, vitamin-D-resistant osteomalacia and microcytic anemia. Premature infants may develop increased tissue loading of aluminum, particularly in bone, when exposed to iatrogenic sources of aluminum. Although human exposure to aluminum is widespread, in only a few cases has hypersensitivity been reported following exposure to some aluminum compounds after dermal application or parenteral administration. There is insufficient information to allow for classification of the cancer risk from human exposures to aluminum and its compounds. Aluminum and its compounds appear to be poorly absorbed in humans. The mechanism of gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum has not yet been fully elucidated. The highest levels of aluminum may be found in the lungs, where it may be present as inhaled insoluble particles. The urine is the most important route of aluminum excretion. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of metallic aluminum and aluminum compounds is low. In short-term studies using rats, mice or dogs to various aluminum compounds in the diet or drinking-water, only minimal effects were observed at the highest administered doses. Adequate inhalation studies were not identified. Following intratracheal administration of aluminum oxide, particle-associated fibrosis was observed. No overt fetotoxicity was noted, nore were general reproductive parameters noted after gavage treatment of rats. There is no indication that aluminum is carcinogenic. It can form complexes with DNA and cross-link chromosomal proteins and DNA, but it has not been shown to be mutagenic in bacteria or induce mutation or transformation in mammalian cells in vitro. Chromosomal aberrations have been observed in bone marrow cells of exposed mice and rats. There is considerable evidence that aluminum is neurotoxic in experimental animals, although there is considerable variation among species. In susceptible species, toxicity following parenteral administration is characterized by progressive neurological impairment, resulting in death with status epilepticus. Osteomalacia, as it presents in man, is observed consistently in larger species (e.g. dogs and pigs) exposed to aluminum; a similar condition is observed in rodents. Absorption via the gastrointestinal tract is usually less than one percent. Aluminum is distributed in most organs within the body with accumulation occurring mainly in bone at high dose levels. To a limited extent, aluminum passes the blood-brain barrier and is also distributed to the fetus. Aluminum is eliminated effectively by urine.

The main targets of aluminum are the central nervous system and bones. Aluminum binds to dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve different mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a result of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236) Aluminum Acetate is an astringent. An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application. The shrinkage or constriction is through osmotic flow of water (or other fluids) away from the area where the astringent was applied. Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. This can happen with a sore throat, hemorrhages, diarrhea, or with peptic ulcers. Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins, dry, harden, and protect the skin. Acne sufferers are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin. Astringents also help heal stretch marks and other scars. Mild astringent solutions are used in the relief of such minor skin irritations as those resulting from superficial cuts, allergies, insect bites, or fungal infections such as athlete's foot.

Aluminum

Trace element

based on aluminum phosphide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Aluminum metal and insoluable compounds/

Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)

Redness.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

1 mg/kg-day

5 x 10^-3 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

ATSDR Final

The fatal adult dose of aluminum ... by mouth is about 30 g. /form not stated/

Groups of 120 Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar, 1 g mass) were kept in through-flow tanks of water (pH 5) containing various concn of aluminum and silicic acid. The aluminum concn in all but the control tank (0.85 umol aluminum/l) were 6-7 umol/l, at acutely toxic levels. Silicon levels were 0.66 umol/l (control), 93.06, 24.89, 5.46, and 0.60 umol/l, corresponding to silicon:aluminum ratios of 13.0, 3.7, 0.9, and 0.1. Exchangeable aluminum, ie, aluminum retained on Amberlite, was 6.00, 5.00, 4.11, and 1.52 umol/l in test tanks, respectively. Fish were exposed for 96 hr, and the proportion of dead fish was recorded at 12-hr intervals. The whole experiment was run three times; data are from all runs combined. At a silicon:aluminum ratio of 13, acute toxicity of aluminum was eliminated and gill structures of the fish were normal. Percent survival versus time was higher for the higher silicon:aluminum ratio groups. Accumulation of aluminum by fish fell sharply as the exchangeable aluminum increased. Aluminum and silicon levels in fish were 0.44 and 0.01 (control), 0.40 and 0.54 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 13), 2.04 and 0.35 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 3.7), 2.49 and 0.33 (silicon :aluminum ratio of 0.9), 2.38 and 0.08 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 0.1) umol per g dry mass, respectively.

To elucidate the interaction between aluminum and certain essential trace metals, an experiment was performed on rats fed diets with suboptimal or optimal levels of zinc or copper. Half of each group of animals were fed the same diet but with 1000 ppm aluminum added. Changes were noted after 120 days. Severe testicular damage was seen in rats fed either the low zinc or the low copper diet. The lesions included a wide range of spermatogenic cell degeneration and tubular atropy. When aluminum was added to the diet, the testicular destruction of zinc deficient rats was significantly reduced. This indicated that the presence of aluminum in the diet protected the testis against the damage caused by zinc deficiency. Pituitary glands were examined. Hypertrophy of basophils was more pronounced in rats fed the suboptimal zinc or copper diet. When aluminum was added to their diet, the changes were reversed. The mechanisms by which aluminum protects male gonadal functions against zinc deficiency are discussed. This study is the first to demonstrate the preventive effect of aluminum against testicular damage caused by zinc deficiency.

Adult, male New Zealand rabbits (three per group) were administered drinking water containing aluminum chloride (0, 100, or 500 mg aluminum/liter) together with citrate (0.11 M) ascorbate (0.11 M), or no added ligand and libitum for 12 weeks. They were fed ad libitum regular rabbit chow analyzed to contain 297 mg aluminum/kg. Treatment had no effect upon food and water intake or weight gain during the experimental period. No effect of aluminum was observed on tissue levels of the essential metals zinc, copper, and iron, or on hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Aluminum levels were fund to increase in a dose-dependent manner in stomach and intestinal mucosa, kidney, bone, urine, and fece. There was only a slight accumulation in liver, and no accumulation in brain (cerebral cortex or hippocampus). Although plasma aluminum was directly related to aluminum intake, whole blood aluminum bore no relation to aluminum dose. Citrate had no efefct on aluminum accumulation in the stomach or intestine, but significantly enhanced plasma and bone aluminum levels. Ascorbate did not enhance aluminum accumulation in any tissue studied and even prevented accumulation in bone. Both citrate and ascorbate enhanced excretion of aluminum. Ascorbate therapy may be of potential clinical use to enhance aluminum excretion.

Examined 25 dialysis patients that experienced accidental exposure to aluminum and parathyroid hormone (PTH). At the same time as parathyroid hormone decreased, serum calcium increased. Based on this observation it has been suggested that aluminum is incorporated, instead of calcium, into the bone and that this leads to the osteomalacia characteristic of aluminum-induced bone disease. Instead of being incorporated into osteoid bone tissue, calcium returns to the circulation which in turn inhibits the parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid. In support of this hypothesis, ... found a strong correlation between bone aluminum content and the amount of bone occupied by unmineralized osteoid in humans. Experimental support for the hypothesis of calcium-aluminum interactions has also been provided in studies on chicks. /Aluminum/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Diagnosis: when history is unattainable, diagnosis depends on the demonstration of large amount of aluminum in vomitus, stomach contents or feces. /Aluminum compounds/

Deferoxamine has been used to treat dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia with symptomatic relief reported. The use of deferoxamine for aluminum-toxic dialysis patients has been suggested for serum levels of aluminum between 100 and 200 ug/mL. Deferoxamine also has been used to diagnose aluminum-related osteodystrophy. After a deferoxamine infusion of 40 mg/kg over 2 hr, an increment in plasma aluminum concentration of 200 ug/L identified 35 of 37 patients with biopsy-proven aluminum-related osteodystrophy (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 50%). Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid does not appear as effective as deferoxamine in chelating aluminum. Especially in dialysis patients, aluminum-containing medications should be reduced.

Employment and periodic physical examinations should give special consideration to the skin, eyes and lungs. Lung function should be followed.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patients who had died with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome had brain gray matter aluminum levels that were 3 times higher (approximately 12 mg/kg dry weight) than those seen in patients who had been comparably dialyzed but did not have dialysis encephalopathy syndrome (approximately 4 mg/kg dry weight). Both of these groups were markedly higher than the 1 mg/kg dry weight level seen in controls. These data clearly indicate elevated brain levels of aluminum in dialyzed patients and emphasize the fact that only the highest levels of brain aluminum are associated with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acroanesthesia... numbness of fingers, is reported from cotton mills in operations where there is long contact with aluminum in wet bobbin winding.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of fine particles of aluminum metal dust in factories caused... progressive encephalopathy... followed by dementia and convulsions; the brain showed a unique cellular change, neurofibrillary degeneration. /Metallic aluminum dust/

LC50 Pisidium casertanum >1.0 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 3.5

LC50 Pisidium casertanum >0.4 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 4.5

LC50 Pisidium compressum >0.4 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 4.5

LC50 Pisidium compressum >1.0 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 3.5

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of aluminum has been studied extensively in fish, less so in invertebrates, amphibians, and birds, and not at all in reptiles and free-ranging mammals. For aquatic organisms, Al bioavailability and toxicity are intimately related to ambient pH; changes in ambient acidity may affect Al solubility, dissolved Al speciation, and organism sensitivity to Al. At moderate acidity (pH 5.5 to 7.0), fish and invertebrates may be stressed due to Al adsorption onto gill surfaces and subsequent asphyxiation. At pH 4.5 to 5.5, Al can impair ion regulation and augment the toxicity of H+. At lower pH, elevated Al can temporarily ameliorate the toxic effects of acidity by competing for binding sites with H+. Aluminum toxicity in aquatic environments is further affected by the concentration of ligands such as dissolved organic matter, fluoride, or sulfate, and of other cations such as Ca and Mg which compete for cellular binding sites. Although risk of Al toxicity is often based on a model of free-ion (Al3+) activity, recent evidence suggests that factors determining Al toxicity may be more complex. In general, aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive to Al toxicity and acidity than fish; thus acidified, Al-rich waters may actually reduce predation pressure. Fish may be affected by asphyxiation at moderate acidic conditions or electrolyte imbalances at lower pH. In amphibians, embryos and young larvae are typically more sensitive than older larvae. Early breeding amphibians, which lay eggs in ephemeral ponds and streams subject to spring runoff, are most at risk from Al and acidification; those that breed later in the year in lakes or rivers are least vulnerable. Birds and mammals are most likely exposed through dietary ingestion of soil or Al-contaminated foods. Concentrations >1000 mg/kg in food may be toxic to young birds and mammals. Clinical signs in these animals are consistent with rickets because Al precipitates with P in the gut.

7.70e+04

1.10e+06

5.20e+00

2.20e+01

2.00e+04

4.00e+00

3.00e+04

1.00e+00

5.00e-03

Volatile

2.30e+05

3.40e+06

1.60e+01

6.60e+01

6.00e+04

Does not occur free in nature.

Inhalation of /coarser variety of aluminum dust produced from molten metal... . /Aluminum dust/

Workers exposed to... dust of aluminum metal in production of explosives and fireworks. /Aluminum metal/

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Recycling: Sort, classify and put in a box properly labelled. Salvage profitably for reuse by local shop or sell as scrap metal.

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Aluminum powder, pyrophoric/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Aluminum powder, pyrophoric/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Aluminum powder, pyrophoric/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Aluminum powder, pyrophoric/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALUMINUM, ELEMENTAL (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1309 170(powder, coated)

1396 138(powder, uncoated)

9260 169(molten)

UN 1309; Aluminum powder, coated

UN 1396; Aluminum powder, uncoated

IMO 4.1; Aluminum powder, coated

IMO 4.3; Aluminum powder, uncoated

NA 9260; Aluminum, molten

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Solid

Spontaneously Combustible

Dangerous When Wet

Airtight.

H250; H261 / H228; H261

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Pack Group: II